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這篇文章主要介紹了如何使用Node.js搭建一個靜態Web服務器的相關知識,內容詳細易懂,操作簡單快捷,具有一定借鑒價值,相信大家閱讀完這篇如何使用Node.js搭建一個靜態Web服務器文章都會有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看吧。
我們通常稱靜態Web服務器為靜態網站,其主要特征就是服務器上的所有內容都是現成的,不需要后端做額外的處理。當我們向靜態服務器發送網頁請求時,服務器只需要根據我們的請求路徑(URL),返回對應的html
文件就行了。
靜態網站是指全部由HTML(標準通用標記語言的子集)代碼格式頁面組成的網站,所有的內容包含在網頁文件中。網頁上也可以出現各種視覺動態效果,如GIF動畫、FLASH動畫、滾動字幕等,而網站主要是靜態化的頁面和代碼組成,一般文件名均以htm、html、shtml等為后綴。—— 百度百科
與靜態網站對應的是我們最常見的動態Web服務器,此類服務器最大的特征就是所有資源通常不是以html
形式存儲的,而是需要后端查詢數據,組成網頁之后再返回給用戶,每個用戶看到的內容可能是都不相同的。例如,在Java
搭建的Web服務器中,我們可以使用JSP
拼接網頁,形成特定于用戶的頁面。
(1)動態網頁以數據庫技術為基礎,可以大大降低網站維護的工作量;
(2)采用動態網頁技術的網站可以實現更多的功能,如用戶注冊、用戶登錄、在線調查、用戶管理、訂單管理等等;
(3)動態網頁實際上并不是獨立存在于服務器上的網頁文件,只有當用戶請求時服務器才返回一個完整的網頁;
(4)動態網頁中的“?”搜索引擎一般不可能從一個網站的數據庫中訪問全部網頁,或者出于技術方面的考慮,搜索蜘蛛不去抓取網址中“?”后面的內容,因此采用動態網頁的網站在進行搜索引擎推廣時需要做一定的技術處理才能適應搜索引擎的要求。
(5)靜態網站因為沒有和數據庫連接,所以要有動態網站的效果就必須制作大量的網頁,其中許多網頁只能是虛假網頁,根本實現不了動態網站的功能。
—— 百度百科
由于靜態服務器不需要后端數據庫,所以結構非常簡單,非常適合例如文檔管理、博客等場景。就以寫博客本身而言,我認為靜態網站有以下特點:
需要的服務器配置低,最基礎的服務器就可以滿足大部分人的性能需求;
響應速度快,內容都是現成的html
,直接訪問即可獲得結果;
一個html
對應一個url
,內容穩定,容易被搜索引擎檢索;
制作簡單,只需要在服務器搭建完成后,將文件防止指定位置即可;
以上有點都是針對靜態博客系統而言的,如果使用純靜態服務器制作一個大型的其他類型網站可能代價比較大。
如果個人希望快速搭建一個靜態服務器,可以使用基于Node.js
的http-server
包,可以在一分鐘內完成服務器的搭建,步驟如下:
下載http-server
包,記得全局安裝
npm i http-server -g
進入服務器文件夾,啟動服務器
http-server -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9999
這樣服務器就啟動了,根目錄就是啟動服務器命令執行的目錄。
訪問localhost:9999
就可以看到所有的文件了,下面是我的文件內容:
如果我們點擊文件名,就會得到對應的文件,例如我們點擊*.html
,就可以得到網頁:
這看起來就像是個FTP
服務器,難道我們就止步于此了嗎?
非也,一個合格的程序員都是要手擼才會快樂!!
我們使用基礎的Node.js
內置模塊即可完成搭建,所以不需要安裝額外的工具包。
主要的工作是創建一個服務器目錄,結構如下:
web_server/ //根目錄 |- static/ | |- css/ | | |- style.css //樣式 | |- js/ | | |- common.js //js | |- index.js //主頁 |- app.js //服務器文件 |- mime.json //擴展名配置
app.js
const http = require('http');const fs = require('fs')const url = require('url')const path = require('path')FileMimes = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./mime.json').toString())http.createServer(function (req, res) { //1.獲取地址 let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname pathname = pathname == '/' ? '/index.html' : pathname let extname = path.extname(pathname) //2.fs讀取文件 if (pathname != '/favicon.ico') { fs.readFile('./static' + pathname, async (err, data) => { if (err) { res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' }) res.end(err.message) return } if (!err) { // 3. 針對不同的文件返回不同的內容頭 let mime = FileMimes[extname] res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': mime + ';charset="utf-8"' }) res.end(data) } }) }}).listen(8081);console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');
mime.json
{ ".323":"text/h423" , ".3gp":"video/3gpp" , ".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" , ".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" , ".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" , ".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" , ".ai":"application/postscript" , ".aif":"audio/x-aiff" , ".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" , ".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" , ".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" , ".amc":"application/x-mpeg" , ...//實在太長,就不貼這里了,文末有完整代碼}
node ./app.js
啟動效果如下:
PS E:\Code\Node\demos\03-static_web_server> node .\app.js Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/
訪問localhost:8081
即可得到index.html
頁面。
也可以部署到遠端的服務器
1. 買服務器
當前流行的服務器提供商包括
- 騰訊云
- 阿里云
- 華為云
不過現在CSDN也來湊熱鬧了:CSDN云,CSDN好像是基于騰訊云的,價格上都差不多。
2. 買域名(非必須,可以使用IP直接訪問)
3. 網站備案
4. 部署
靜態網站的部署也非常簡單,由于很少出錯,而且需要經常啟停上傳新的博客文件,所以直接復制文件到服務器,然后使用
node ./app.js
就可以了。
基于Node.js
的靜態服務器搭建非常簡單,我們可以使用http-server
包,也可以基于Node
手寫代碼。
手寫代碼最核心的內容是mime.json
文件,也就是對于不同的文件類型,賦予response
不同的返回頭。
文章結束
下面是mime.json
代碼(老長了):
{ ".323":"text/h423" , ".3gp":"video/3gpp" , ".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" , ".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" , ".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" , ".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" , ".ai":"application/postscript" , ".aif":"audio/x-aiff" , ".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" , ".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" , ".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" , ".amc":"application/x-mpeg" , ".ani":"application/octet-stream" , ".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive" , ".asc":"text/plain" , ".asd":"application/astound" , ".asf":"video/x-ms-asf" , ".asn":"application/astound" , ".asp":"application/x-asap" , ".asr":"video/x-ms-asf" , ".asx":"video/x-ms-asf" , ".au":"audio/basic" , ".avb":"application/octet-stream" , ".avi":"video/x-msvideo" , ".awb":"audio/amr-wb" , ".axs":"application/olescript" , ".bas":"text/plain" , ".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio" , ".bin ":"application/octet-stream" , ".bld":"application/bld" , ".bld2":"application/bld2" , ".bmp":"image/bmp" , ".bpk":"application/octet-stream" , ".bz2":"application/x-bzip2" , ".c":"text/plain" , ".cal":"image/x-cals" , ".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" , ".ccn":"application/x-cnc" , ".cco":"application/x-cocoa" , ".cdf":"application/x-cdf" , ".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" , ".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi" , ".chat":"application/x-chat" , ".class":"application/octet-stream" , ".clp":"application/x-msclip" , ".cmx":"image/x-cmx" , ".co":"application/x-cult3d-object" , ".cod":"image/cis-cod" , ".conf":"text/plain" , ".cpio":"application/x-cpio" , ".cpp":"text/plain" , ".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro" , ".crd":"application/x-mscardfile" , ".crl":"application/pkix-crl" , ".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" , ".csh":"application/x-csh" , ".csm":"chemical/x-csml" , ".csml":"chemical/x-csml" , ".css":"text/css" , ".cur":"application/octet-stream" , ".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm" , ".dcr":"application/x-director" , ".dcx":"image/x-dcx" , ".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" , ".dhtml":"text/html" , ".dir":"application/x-director" , ".dll":"application/x-msdownload" , ".dmg":"application/octet-stream" , ".dms":"application/octet-stream" , ".doc":"application/msword" , ".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" , ".dot":"application/msword" , ".dvi":"application/x-dvi" , ".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf" , ".dwg":"application/x-autocad" , ".dxf":"application/x-autocad" , ".dxr":"application/x-director" , ".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook" , ".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" , ".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" , ".eps":"application/postscript" , ".epub":"application/epub+zip" , ".eri":"image/x-eri" , ".es":"audio/echospeech" , ".esl":"audio/echospeech" , ".etc":"application/x-earthtime" , ".etx":"text/x-setext" , ".evm":"x-lml/x-evm" , ".evy":"application/envoy" , ".exe":"application/octet-stream" , ".fh5":"image/x-freehand" , ".fh6":"image/x-freehand" , ".fhc":"image/x-freehand" , ".fif":"application/fractals" , ".flr":"x-world/x-vrml" , ".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream" , ".fm":"application/x-maker" , ".fpx":"image/x-fpx" , ".fvi":"video/isivideo" , ".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input" , ".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed" , ".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb" , ".gif":"image/gif" , ".gps":"application/x-gps" , ".gtar":"application/x-gtar" , ".gz":"application/x-gzip" , ".h":"text/plain" , ".hdf":"application/x-hdf" , ".hdm":"text/x-hdml" , ".hdml":"text/x-hdml" , ".hlp":"application/winhlp" , ".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40" , ".hta":"application/hta" , ".htc":"text/x-component" , ".htm":"text/html" , ".html":"text/html" , ".hts":"text/html" , ".htt":"text/webviewhtml" , ".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk" , ".ico":"image/x-icon" , ".ief":"image/ief" , ".ifm":"image/gif" , ".ifs":"image/ifs" , ".iii":"application/x-iphone" , ".imy":"audio/melody" , ".ins":"application/x-internet-signup" , ".ips":"application/x-ipscript" , ".ipx":"application/x-ipix" , ".isp":"application/x-internet-signup" , ".it":"audio/x-mod" , ".itz":"audio/x-mod" , ".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml" , ".j2k":"image/j2k" , ".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" , ".jam":"application/x-jam" , ".jar":"application/java-archive" , ".java":"text/plain" , ".jfif":"image/pipeg" , ".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file" , ".jpe":"image/jpeg" , ".jpeg":"image/jpeg" , ".jpg":"image/jpeg" , ".jpz":"image/jpeg" , ".js":"application/x-javascript" , ".jwc":"application/jwc" , ".kjx":"application/x-kjx" , ".lak":"x-lml/x-lak" , ".latex":"application/x-latex" , ".lcc":"application/fastman" , ".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca" , ".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca" , ".lgh":"application/lgh" , ".lha":"application/octet-stream" , ".lml":"x-lml/x-lml" , ".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack" , ".log":"text/plain" , ".lsf":"video/x-la-asf" , ".lsx":"video/x-la-asf" , ".lzh":"application/octet-stream" , ".m13":"application/x-msmediaview" , ".m14":"application/x-msmediaview" , ".m15":"audio/x-mod" , ".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl" , ".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl" , ".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm" , ".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm" , ".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm" , ".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl" , ".m4v":"video/x-m4v" , ".ma1":"audio/ma1" , ".ma2":"audio/ma2" , ".ma3":"audio/ma3" , ".ma5":"audio/ma5" , ".man":"application/x-troff-man" , ".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap" , ".mbd":"application/mbedlet" , ".mct":"application/x-mascot" , ".mdb":"application/x-msaccess" , ".mdz":"audio/x-mod" , ".me":"application/x-troff-me" , ".mel":"text/x-vmel" , ".mht":"message/rfc822" , ".mhtml":"message/rfc822" , ".mi":"application/x-mif" , ".mid":"audio/mid" , ".midi":"audio/midi" , ".mif":"application/x-mif" , ".mil":"image/x-cals" , ".mio":"audio/x-mio" , ".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs" , ".mng":"video/x-mng" , ".mny":"application/x-msmoney" , ".moc":"application/x-mocha" , ".mocha":"application/x-mocha" , ".mod":"audio/x-mod" , ".mof":"application/x-yumekara" , ".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile" , ".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input" , ".mov":"video/quicktime" , ".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie" , ".mp2":"video/mpeg" , ".mp3":"audio/mpeg" , ".mp4":"video/mp4" , ".mpa":"video/mpeg" , ".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" , ".mpe":"video/mpeg" , ".mpeg":"video/mpeg" , ".mpg":"video/mpeg" , ".mpg4":"video/mp4" , ".mpga":"audio/mpeg" , ".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application" , ".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project" , ".mps":"application/x-mapserver" , ".mpv2":"video/mpeg" , ".mrl":"text/x-mrml" , ".mrm":"application/x-mrm" , ".ms":"application/x-troff-ms" , ".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook" , ".mts":"application/metastream" , ".mtx":"application/metastream" , ".mtz":"application/metastream" , ".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview" , ".mzv":"application/metastream" , ".nar":"application/zip" , ".nbmp":"image/nbmp" , ".nc":"application/x-netcdf" , ".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb" , ".ndwn":"application/ndwn" , ".nif":"application/x-nif" , ".nmz":"application/x-scream" , ".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" , ".npx":"application/x-netfpx" , ".nsnd":"audio/nsnd" , ".nva":"application/x-neva1" , ".nws":"message/rfc822" , ".oda":"application/oda" , ".ogg":"audio/ogg" , ".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" , ".p10":"application/pkcs10" , ".p12":"application/x-pkcs12" , ".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" , ".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" , ".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" , ".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" , ".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature" , ".pac":"audio/x-pac" , ".pae":"audio/x-epac" , ".pan":"application/x-pan" , ".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap" , ".pcx":"image/x-pcx" , ".pda":"image/x-pda" , ".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb" , ".pdf":"application/pdf" , ".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr" , ".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12" , ".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap" , ".pict":"image/x-pict" , ".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko" , ".pm":"application/x-perl" , ".pma":"application/x-perfmon" , ".pmc":"application/x-perfmon" , ".pmd":"application/x-pmd" , ".pml":"application/x-perfmon" , ".pmr":"application/x-perfmon" , ".pmw":"application/x-perfmon" , ".png":"image/png" , ".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap" , ".pnz":"image/png" , ".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" , ".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap" , ".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" , ".ppt":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" , ".pptx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation" , ".pqf":"application/x-cprplayer" , ".pqi":"application/cprplayer" , ".prc":"application/x-prc" , ".prf":"application/pics-rules" , ".prop":"text/plain" , ".proxy":"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig" , ".ps":"application/postscript" , ".ptlk":"application/listenup" , ".pub":"application/x-mspublisher" , ".pvx":"video/x-pv-pvx" , ".qcp":"audio/vnd.qcelp" , ".qt":"video/quicktime" , ".qti":"image/x-quicktime" , ".qtif":"image/x-quicktime" , ".r3t":"text/vnd.rn-realtext3d" , ".ra":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" , ".ram":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" , ".rar":"application/octet-stream" , ".ras":"image/x-cmu-raster" , ".rc":"text/plain" , ".rdf":"application/rdf+xml" , ".rf":"image/vnd.rn-realflash" , ".rgb":"image/x-rgb" , ".rlf":"application/x-richlink" , ".rm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" , ".rmf":"audio/x-rmf" , ".rmi":"audio/mid" , ".rmm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" , ".rmvb":"audio/x-pn-realaudio" , ".rnx":"application/vnd.rn-realplayer" , ".roff":"application/x-troff" , ".rp":"image/vnd.rn-realpix" , ".rpm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" , ".rt":"text/vnd.rn-realtext" , ".rte":"x-lml/x-gps" , ".rtf":"application/rtf" , ".rtg":"application/metastream" , ".rtx":"text/richtext" , ".rv":"video/vnd.rn-realvideo" , ".rwc":"application/x-rogerwilco" , ".s3m":"audio/x-mod" , ".s3z":"audio/x-mod" , ".sca":"application/x-supercard" , ".scd":"application/x-msschedule" , ".sct":"text/scriptlet" , ".sdf":"application/e-score" , ".sea":"application/x-stuffit" , ".setpay":"application/set-payment-initiation" , ".setreg":"application/set-registration-initiation" , ".sgm":"text/x-sgml" , ".sgml":"text/x-sgml" , ".sh":"application/x-sh" , ".shar":"application/x-shar" , ".shtml":"magnus-internal/parsed-html" , ".shw":"application/presentations" , ".si6":"image/si6" , ".si7":"image/vnd.stiwap.sis" , ".si9":"image/vnd.lgtwap.sis" , ".sis":"application/vnd.symbian.install" , ".sit":"application/x-stuffit" , ".skd":"application/x-Koan" , ".skm":"application/x-Koan" , ".skp":"application/x-Koan" , ".skt":"application/x-Koan" , ".slc":"application/x-salsa" , ".smd":"audio/x-smd" , ".smi":"application/smil" , ".smil":"application/smil" , ".smp":"application/studiom" , ".smz":"audio/x-smd" , ".snd":"audio/basic" , ".spc":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" , ".spl":"application/futuresplash" , ".spr":"application/x-sprite" , ".sprite":"application/x-sprite" , ".sdp":"application/sdp" , ".spt":"application/x-spt" , ".src":"application/x-wais-source" , ".sst":"application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore" , ".stk":"application/hyperstudio" , ".stl":"application/vnd.ms-pkistl" , ".stm":"text/html" , ".svg":"image/svg+xml" , ".sv4cpio":"application/x-sv4cpio" , ".sv4crc":"application/x-sv4crc" , ".svf":"image/vnd" , ".svg":"image/svg+xml" , ".svh":"image/svh" , ".svr":"x-world/x-svr" , ".swf":"application/x-shockwave-flash" , ".swfl":"application/x-shockwave-flash" , ".t":"application/x-troff" , ".tad":"application/octet-stream" , ".talk":"text/x-speech" , ".tar":"application/x-tar" , ".taz":"application/x-tar" , ".tbp":"application/x-timbuktu" , ".tbt":"application/x-timbuktu" , ".tcl":"application/x-tcl" , ".tex":"application/x-tex" , ".texi":"application/x-texinfo" , ".texinfo":"application/x-texinfo" , ".tgz":"application/x-compressed" , ".thm":"application/vnd.eri.thm" , ".tif":"image/tiff" , ".tiff":"image/tiff" , ".tki":"application/x-tkined" , ".tkined":"application/x-tkined" , ".toc":"application/toc" , ".toy":"image/toy" , ".tr":"application/x-troff" , ".trk":"x-lml/x-gps" , ".trm":"application/x-msterminal" , ".tsi":"audio/tsplayer" , ".tsp":"application/dsptype" , ".tsv":"text/tab-separated-values" , ".ttf":"application/octet-stream" , ".ttz":"application/t-time" , ".txt":"text/plain" , ".uls":"text/iuls" , ".ult":"audio/x-mod" , ".ustar":"application/x-ustar" , ".uu":"application/x-uuencode" , ".uue":"application/x-uuencode" , ".vcd":"application/x-cdlink" , ".vcf":"text/x-vcard" , ".vdo":"video/vdo" , ".vib":"audio/vib" , ".viv":"video/vivo" , ".vivo":"video/vivo" , ".vmd":"application/vocaltec-media-desc" , ".vmf":"application/vocaltec-media-file" , ".vmi":"application/x-dreamcast-vms-info" , ".vms":"application/x-dreamcast-vms" , ".vox":"audio/voxware" , ".vqe":"audio/x-twinvq-plugin" , ".vqf":"audio/x-twinvq" , ".vql":"audio/x-twinvq" , ".vre":"x-world/x-vream" , ".vrml":"x-world/x-vrml" , ".vrt":"x-world/x-vrt" , ".vrw":"x-world/x-vream" , ".vts":"workbook/formulaone" , ".wav":"audio/x-wav" , ".wax":"audio/x-ms-wax" , ".wbmp":"image/vnd.wap.wbmp" , ".wcm":"application/vnd.ms-works" , ".wdb":"application/vnd.ms-works" , ".web":"application/vnd.xara" , ".wi":"image/wavelet" , 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".xdw":"application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks" , ".xht":"application/xhtml+xml" , ".xhtm":"application/xhtml+xml" , ".xhtml":"application/xhtml+xml" , ".xla":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xlc":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xll":"application/x-excel" , ".xlm":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xls":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xlsx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet" , ".xlt":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xlw":"application/vnd.ms-excel" , ".xm":"audio/x-mod" , ".xml":"text/plain", ".xml":"application/xml", ".xmz":"audio/x-mod" , ".xof":"x-world/x-vrml" , ".xpi":"application/x-xpinstall" , ".xpm":"image/x-xpixmap" , ".xsit":"text/xml" , ".xsl":"text/xml" , ".xul":"text/xul" , ".xwd":"image/x-xwindowdump" , ".xyz":"chemical/x-pdb" , ".yz1":"application/x-yz1" , ".z":"application/x-compress" , ".zac":"application/x-zaurus-zac" , ".zip":"application/zip" , ".json":"application/json"}
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