溫馨提示×
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
點擊 登錄注冊 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務條款》
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
本文小編為大家詳細介紹“MongoDB索引類型怎么實現”，內容詳細，步驟清晰，細節處理妥當，希望這篇“MongoDB索引類型怎么實現”文章能幫助大家解決疑惑，下面跟著小編的思路慢慢深入，一起來學習新知識吧。
MongoDB 4.2官方支持索引類型如下：
單字段索引
復合索引
多鍵索引
文本索引
2dsphere索引
2d索引
geoHaystack索引
哈希索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "db6.test"
}
]在字段id上添加升序索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"id":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1)
}handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "db6.test"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"id" : 1
},
"name" : "id_1",
"ns" : "db6.test"
}
]handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.find({"id":100})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a35d061f183b1d8f092114"), "id" : 100, "name" : "handong", "ziliao" : { "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" } }上述查詢可以使用新建的單字段索引。
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"ziliao.name":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2)
}以下查詢可以用的新建的索引。
db.test.find({"ziliao.name":"handong"})handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({ziliao:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 3,
"numIndexesAfter" : 4,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2)
}以下查詢可以使用新建的索引。
db.test.find({ziliao:{ "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" }})創建復合索引
db.user.createIndex({"product_id":1,"type":-1})以下查詢可以用到新建的復合索引
db.user.find({"product_id":"e5a35cfc70364d2092b8f5d14b1a3217","type":0})基于一個數組創建索引，MongoDB會自動創建為多鍵索引，無需刻意指定。
多鍵索引也可以基于內嵌文檔來創建。
多鍵索引的邊界值的計算依賴于特定的規則。
查看文檔：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d7f1f183b1d8f0920ad"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 90, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d8b1f183b1d8f0920ae"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 99, 98, 97, 96 ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d9a1f183b1d8f0920af"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 100, 100, 100, 100 ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32e8c1f183b1d8f0920b0"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 70, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b1d1f183b1d8f0aa752"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b221f183b1d8f0aa753"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94, 93 ] }創建score字段多鍵索引：
db.score.createIndex("score":1)handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] }查看執行計劃：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "db6.score",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"score" : {
"$eq" : [
96,
95
]
}
},
"queryHash" : "8D76FC59",
"planCacheKey" : "E2B03CA1",
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
"filter" : {
"score" : {
"$eq" : [
96,
95
]
}
},
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"score" : 1
},
"indexName" : "score_1",
"isMultiKey" : true,
"multiKeyPaths" : {
"score" : [
"score"
]
},
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 2,
"direction" : "forward",
"indexBounds" : {
"score" : [
"[96.0, 96.0]",
"[[ 96.0, 95.0 ], [ 96.0, 95.0 ]]"
]
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "mongo3",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.12",
"gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5"
},
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1)
}可以看到已經使用了新建的多鍵索引。
    為了支持對字符串內容的文本搜索查詢，MongoDB提供了文本索引。文本(text )索引可以包含任何值為字符串或字符串元素數組的字段
db.user.createIndex({"sku_attributes":"text"})db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}})查看執行計劃：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "db6.user",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"$text" : {
"$search" : "測試",
"$language" : "english",
"$caseSensitive" : false,
"$diacriticSensitive" : false
}
},
"queryHash" : "83098EE1",
"planCacheKey" : "7E2D582B",
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "TEXT",
"indexPrefix" : {
},
"indexName" : "sku_attributes_text",
"parsedTextQuery" : {
"terms" : [
"測試"
],
"negatedTerms" : [ ],
"phrases" : [ ],
"negatedPhrases" : [ ]
},
"textIndexVersion" : 3,
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "TEXT_MATCH",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "OR",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"_fts" : "text",
"_ftsx" : 1
},
"indexName" : "sku_attributes_text",
"isMultiKey" : true,
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 2,
"direction" : "backward",
"indexBounds" : {
}
}
}
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "mongo3",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.12",
"gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5"
},
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1)
}可以看到通過文本索引可以查到包含測試關鍵字的數據。
**注意：**可以根據自己需要創建復合文本索引。
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.291226, 39.981198 ] },
name: "火器營橋",
category : "火器營橋"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.281452, 39.914226 ] },
name: "五棵松",
category : "五棵松"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.378038, 39.851467 ] },
name: "角門西",
category : "角門西"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.467833, 39.881581 ] },
name: "潘家園",
category : "潘家園"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.468264, 39.914766 ] },
name: "國貿",
category : "國貿"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] },
name: "三元橋",
category : "三元橋"
}
)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Point", coordinates: [ 116.400064, 40.007827 ] },
name: "奧林匹克森林公園",
category : "奧林匹克森林公園"
}
)db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" } )db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" , category : -1, name: 1 } )鳳凰嶺
[116.098234,40.110569]
天安門
[116.405239,39.913839]
四惠橋
[116.494351,39.912068]
望京
[116.494494,40.004594]
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc :
... { $geoWithin :
... { $geometry :
... { type : "Polygon" ,
... coordinates : [ [
... [116.098234,40.110569] ,
... [116.405239,39.913839] ,
... [116.494351,39.912068] ,
... [116.494494,40.004594] ,
... [116.098234,40.110569]
... ] ]
... } } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c950d4211a77d22bf7f8"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.400064, 40.007827 ] }, "name" : "奧林匹克森林公園", "category" : "奧林匹克森林公園" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f7"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] }, "name" : "三元橋", "category" : "三元橋" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f6"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.468264, 39.914766 ] }, "name" : "國貿", "category" : "國貿" }可以看到把集合中包含在指定四邊形里的點，全部列了出來。
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc :
... { $geoWithin :
... { $centerSphere :
... [ [ 116.439518, 39.954751 ] , 2/3963.2 ]
... } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f7"), "loc" : { "type" : "Point", "coordinates" : [ 116.46618, 39.960213 ] }, "name" : "三元橋", "category" : "三元橋" }返回所有半徑為經度 116.439518 E 和緯度 39.954751 N 的2英里內坐標。示例將2英里的距離轉換為弧度，通過除以地球近似的赤道半徑3963.2英里。
在以下情況下使用2d索引：
您的數據庫具有來自MongoDB 2.2或更早版本的舊版舊版坐標對。
您不打算將任何位置數據存儲為GeoJSON對象。
要創建hashed索引，請指定 hashed 作為索引鍵的值，如下例所示：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"_id":"hashed"})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 4,
"numIndexesAfter" : 5,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1)
}注意事項
MongoDB支持任何單個字段的 hashed 索引。hashing函數折疊嵌入的文檔并計算整個值的hash值，但不支持多鍵(即.數組)索引。
您不能創建具有hashed索引字段的復合索引，也不能在索引上指定唯一約束hashed；但是，您可以hashed在同一字段上創建索引和升序/降序（即非哈希）索引：MongoDB將對范圍查詢使用標量索引。
讀到這里，這篇“MongoDB索引類型怎么實現”文章已經介紹完畢，想要掌握這篇文章的知識點還需要大家自己動手實踐使用過才能領會，如果想了解更多相關內容的文章，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
免責聲明：本站發布的內容（圖片、視頻和文字）以原創、轉載和分享為主，文章觀點不代表本網站立場，如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱：is@yisu.com進行舉報，并提供相關證據，一經查實，將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。
