您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
今天小編給大家分享一下Python怎么將matplotlib圖表集成進到PDF中的相關知識點,內容詳細,邏輯清晰,相信大部分人都還太了解這方面的知識,所以分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后有所收獲,下面我們一起來了解一下吧。
PDF 格式是與平臺無關,它獨立于底層操作系統和渲染引擎。事實上,PDF 是基于一種腳本語言——PostScript,它是第一個獨立于設備的頁面描述語言。
在本指南中,我們將使用 borb —— 一個專門用于閱讀、操作和生成 PDF 文檔的 Python 庫。它提供了一個低級模型(允許您訪問精確的坐標和布局)和一個高級模型(您可以將邊距、位置等精確計算委托給布局管理器) .
matplotlib
是一個數據可視化庫,也是許多其他流行庫(如 Seaborn)背后的引擎。
基于用于創建報告(通常包括圖形)的常見 PDF 文檔,我們將看看如何使用 borb
將 Matplotlib
圖表集成到 PDF 文檔中。
borb 可以從 GitHub 上的源代碼下載,或通過 pip 安裝:
$ pip install borb
matplotlib 也可以通過 pip 安裝:
$ pip install matplotlib
用 Borb 在 PDF 文檔中集成 Matplotlib
圖表
在創建餅圖等圖表之前,我們將編寫一個小的效用函數,該函數生成 N 種顏色,均勻分布在顏色光譜中。
每當我們需要創建繪圖并為每個部分著色時,這將對我們有所幫助:
from borb.pdf.canvas.color.color import HSVColor, HexColor from decimal import Decimal import typing def create_n_colors(n: int) -> typing.List[str]: # The base color is borb-blue base_hsv_color: HSVColor = HSVColor.from_rgb(HexColor("56cbf9")) # This array comprehension creates n HSVColor objects, transforms then to RGB, and then returns their hex string return [HSVColor(base_hsv_color.hue + Decimal(x / 360), Decimal(1), Decimal(1)).to_rgb().to_hex_string() for x in range(0, 360, int(360/n))]
HSL 和 HSV/HSB 是由計算機圖形學研究人員在 1970 年代設計的,目的是更接近人類視覺感知色彩屬性的方式。在這些模型中,每種色調的顏色都排列在一個徑向切片中,圍繞中性色的中心軸,范圍從底部的黑色到頂部的白色:
用它表示顏色的優點是我們可以輕松地將顏色光譜分成相等的部分。
現在我們可以定義一個 create_pie_chart() 函數(或其他類型圖的函數):
# New import(s) import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.image.chart import Chart from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.layout_element import Alignment def create_piechart(labels: typing.List[str], data: typing.List[float]): # Symetric figure to ensure equal aspect ratio fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 4)) ax1.pie( data, explode=[0 for _ in range(0, len(labels))], labels=labels, autopct="%1.1f%%", shadow=True, startangle=90, colors=create_n_colors(len(labels)), ) ax1.axis("equal") # Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle. return Chart( plt.gcf(), width=Decimal(200), height=Decimal(200), horizontal_alignment=Alignment.CENTERED, )
在這里,我們使用 Matplotlib
通過 pie()
函數創建餅圖。
PyPlot 實例的 gcf()
函數返回當前圖形。該圖可以嵌入到 PDF 文檔中,方法是將其注入到 Chart
構造函數中,并與您的自定義參數(例如width, height 和 horizontal_alignment)一起插入。
我們只需向Chart構造函數提供一個 Matplotlib
圖。
現在是時候創建我們的 PDF 文檔并向其中添加內容了。
# New import(s) from borb.pdf.document import Document from borb.pdf.page.page import Page from borb.pdf.pdf import PDF from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.page_layout.multi_column_layout import MultiColumnLayout from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.page_layout.page_layout import PageLayout from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.text.paragraph import Paragraph # Create empty Document pdf = Document() # Create empty Page page = Page() # Add Page to Document pdf.append_page(page) # Create PageLayout layout: PageLayout = MultiColumnLayout(page) # Write title layout.add(Paragraph("About Lorem Ipsum", font_size=Decimal(20), font="Helvetica-Bold"))
我們將在此 PDF 中使用連字符,以確保文本的布局更加流暢。borb 中的連字符非常簡單:
# New import(s) from borb.pdf.canvas.layout.hyphenation.hyphenation import Hyphenation # Create hyphenation algorithm hyphenation_algorithm: Hyphenation = Hyphenation("en-gb") # Write paragraph layout.add(Paragraph( """ Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. """, text_alignment=Alignment.JUSTIFIED, hyphenation=hyphenation_algorithm))
現在我們可以使用我們之前聲明的函數添加餅圖;
# Write graph layout.add(create_piechart(["Loren", "Ipsum", "Dolor"], [0.6, 0.3, 0.1]))
接下來我們將編寫另外三個 Paragraph
對象。其中一個將不僅僅表示引用(側面邊框,不同字體等)。
# Write paragraph layout.add(Paragraph( """ Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. """, text_alignment=Alignment.JUSTIFIED, hyphenation=hyphenation_algorithm)) # Write paragraph layout.add(Paragraph( """ Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. """, font="Courier-Bold", text_alignment=Alignment.JUSTIFIED, hyphenation=hyphenation_algorithm, border_color=HexColor("56cbf9"), border_width=Decimal(3), border_left=True, padding_left=Decimal(5), padding_bottom=Decimal(5), )) # Write paragraph layout.add(Paragraph( """ Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. """, text_alignment=Alignment.JUSTIFIED, hyphenation=hyphenation_algorithm))
讓我們添加另一個繪圖。
# Write graph layout.add(create_piechart(["Loren", "Ipsum", "Dolor", "Sit", "Amet"], [600, 30, 89, 100, 203]))
還有一段內容(Paragraph):
# Write paragraph layout.add(Paragraph( """ It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like). """, text_alignment=Alignment.JUSTIFIED, hyphenation=hyphenation_algorithm))
最后,我們可以存儲文檔(Document):
# Write to disk with open("output.pdf", "wb") as pdf_file_handle: PDF.dumps(pdf_file_handle, pdf)
運行此代碼會生成如下所示的 PDF 文檔:
以上就是“Python怎么將matplotlib圖表集成進到PDF中”這篇文章的所有內容,感謝各位的閱讀!相信大家閱讀完這篇文章都有很大的收獲,小編每天都會為大家更新不同的知識,如果還想學習更多的知識,請關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。