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這篇文章主要講解了“CentOS如何配置Nginx反向代理”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“CentOS如何配置Nginx反向代理”吧!
1、反向代理
在計算機網絡中,反向代理是一種代理服務器,代表客戶端從一個或多個服務器檢索資源。然后將這些資源返回給客戶機,就像它們源自Web服務器本身一樣。與正向代理相反,正向代理是與其關聯的客戶端聯系任何服務器的中介,反向代理是任何客戶端與其關聯的服務器進行聯系的中介。
有關正向代理可參考:基于CentOS 7配置Nginx正向代理
2、本演示中的幾個服務器
1、后端服務器配置(Apache)
后端Apache服務器主機名及IP
# hostname centos7-web.example.com# more /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)# ip addr|grep inet|grep global inet 172.24.8.128/24 brd 172.24.8.255 scope global eno16777728# systemctl start httpd.service# echo "This is a httpd test page.">/var/www/html/index.html# curl http://localhost This is a httpd test page.
2、前端Nginx反向代理服務器配置
前端Nginx服務器主機名及IP
# hostname centos7-router # more /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) # ip addr |grep inet|grep global inet 172.24.8.254/24 brd 172.24.8.255 scope global eno16777728 inet 192.168.1.175/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eno33554960
Nginx版本
# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.10.2
添加一個新的配置文件用作反向代理
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverse_proxy.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://172.24.8.128; ###反向代理核心指令 proxy_buffers 256 4k; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m; proxy_cache_valid 301 1h; proxy_cache_valid any 1m; } }# systemctl reload nginx# ss -nltp|grep nginx|grep 8090LISTEN 0 128 *:8090 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=78023,fd=8),("nginx",pid=78021,fd=8))# curl http://localhost:8090 ##基于本地測試This is a httpd test page.
查看Apache服務器日志
# more /var/log/httpd/access_log ##請求IP地址為172.24.8.254,當從其他機器請求時也是172.24.8.254這個IP172.24.8.254 - - [30/Oct/2017:14:02:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
3、反向代理服務器及后端服務器日志格式設置
為Nginx服務器添加proxy_set_header指令,修改后如下
# grep proxy_set_header -B2 /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverse_proxy.conf location / { proxy_pass http://172.24.8.128; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; }# systemctl reload nginx.service
后端服務器Apache日志格式設置
# vim /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf# LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined #注釋此行,添加下一行 LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined #關鍵描述 {X-Real-IP}i# ip addr|grep inet|grep global #從1.132主機訪問 inet 192.168.1.244/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0# curl http://192.168.1.175:8090 #從1.244主機訪問 This is a httpd test page#再次查看apache訪問日志,如下,不再是代理服務器IP地址,此時顯示為1.244 192.168.1.244 - - [30/Oct/2017:15:49:07 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 27 "-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.14.0.0 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh3/1.4.2"
后端服務器采用Nginx的配置
# more /etc/redhat-release ##os平臺及ip地址 CentOS release 6.7 (Final)# ip addr|grep eth0|grep global inet 192.168.1.132/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0# nginx -v ##nginx版本 nginx version: nginx/1.10.2# mkdir -pv /usr/share/nginx/html/images ##創建圖片目錄 mkdir: created directory `/usr/share/nginx/html/images' # cp /usr/share/backgrounds/nature/*.jpg /usr/share/nginx/html/images/. ##復制圖片文件 # cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.bk # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf ##此處直接修改缺省配置文件 server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; server_name _; root /usr/share/nginx/html; # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { } location /images { alias /usr/share/nginx/html/images; ##此處配置了別名 } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } # /etc/init.d/nginx reload Reloading nginx: [ OK ]
前端Nginx配置
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverse_proxy.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://172.24.8.128; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } location /images { ##將images目錄下的文件代理至192.168.1.132 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.132; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } }# systemctl reload nginx
驗證代理情況,在ip為192.168.1.244測試對images目錄下的jpg文件請求
# ip addr|grep inet|grep global inet 192.168.1.244/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0# curl -I http://192.168.1.175:8090/images/Garden.jpg HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2017 01:48:18 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 264831 Connection: keep-alive Last-Modified: Mon, 30 Oct 2017 08:21:28 GMT ETag: "59f6e108-40a7f" Accept-Ranges: bytes
php服務器端配置(ip 192.168.1.132)
# ss -nltp|grep php LISTEN 0 128 192.168.1.132:9000 *:* users:(("php-fpm",7147,8),("php-fpm",7148,0),("php-fpm",7149,0))# mkdir -pv /data ###存放php代碼# echo "/data 192.168.1.0/24(rw)" >/etc/exports# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start# /etc/init.d/nfslock start# /etc/init.d/nfs start # echo "" > /data/index.php
Nginx代理端配置(ip 192.168.1.175)
# mkdir /data# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.132:/data /data# ls /data index.php# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverse_proxy.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://172.24.8.128; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } location /images { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.132; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } location ~ \.php$ { root /data; fastcgi_pass 192.168.1.132:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }# systemctl restart nginx
測試反向代理至php
[root@ydq05 ~]# ip addr|grep inet|grep global inet 192.168.1.244/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 [root@ydq05 ~]# curl -I http://192.168.1.175:8090/index.php HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Tue, 31 Oct 2017 03:22:59 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.0
Nginx upstream指令也可以將請求代理到后端服務器 如下示例,結合upstream指令演示將其代理到tomcat
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat.confupstream app { server localhost:8080; keepalive 32; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header x-for $remote_addr; proxy_set_header x-server $host; proxy_set_header x-agent $http_user_agent; proxy_pass http://app; } } [root@node132 conf.d]# ss -nltp|grep javaLISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* users:(("java",39559,45)) LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* users:(("java",39559,43)) LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",39559,42)) tomcat版本 [root@node132 conf.d]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh versionUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat .... Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.69 Server built: Apr 11 2016 07:57:09 UTC Server number: 7.0.69.0 OS Name: Linux OS Version: 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 Architecture: amd64 JVM Version: 1.7.0_79-b15 JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation 驗證結果# curl http://localhost ......
proxy模塊的可用配置指令非常多,它們分別用于定義proxy模塊工作時的諸多屬性,如連接超時時長、代理時使用http協議版本等。下面對常用的指令做一個簡單說明。
proxy_read_timeout    在連接斷開之前兩次從接收upstream server接收讀操作的最大間隔時長;
如下面的一個示例:
proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 15; proxy_read_timeout 15;
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“CentOS如何配置Nginx反向代理”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對CentOS如何配置Nginx反向代理這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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