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這篇文章主要介紹“Netty框架實現TCP/IP通信的詳細過程”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Netty框架實現TCP/IP通信的詳細過程問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡單好用的操作方法,希望對大家解答”Netty框架實現TCP/IP通信的詳細過程”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請跟著小編一起來學習吧!
項目中需要使用到TCP/IP協議完成數據的發送與接收。如果只是用以前寫的簡單的socket套接字方法,每次接收發送消息都會創建新的socket再關閉socket,造成資源浪費。于是使用netty框架完成java網絡通信。
Netty框架的內容很多,這里只是代碼展示其中的一個功能。
代碼倉庫
這里使用的是Springboot+Netty框架,使用maven搭建項目。這里是在一個項目中搭建服務端與客戶端,所以端口一樣。還可以使用TCP/UTP工具自己搭建服務端和客戶端,只要在yml文件中修改ip和端口就好。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.hzx.testmaven15netty</groupId> <artifactId>testmaven15netty</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.31.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
application.yml
server: port: 8080 # 作為客戶端請求的服務端地址 netty: tcp: server: # 作為客戶端請求的服務端地址 host: 127.0.0.1 # 作為客戶端請求的服務端端口 port: 7000 client: # 作為服務端開放給客戶端的端口 port: 7000
服務端
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; @Component public class NettyTcpServer { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpServer.class); // boss事件輪詢線程組 // 處理Accept連接事件的線程,這里線程數設置為1即可,netty處理鏈接事件默認為單線程,過度設置反而浪費cpu資源 private EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); //worker事件輪詢線程組 //處理handler的工作線程,其實也就是處理IO讀寫 。線程數據默認為 CPU 核心數乘以2 private EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(); @Autowired ServerChannelInitializer serverChannelInitializer; @Value("${netty.tcp.client.port}") private Integer port; // 與客戶端建立連接后得到的通道對象 private Channel channel; /** * 存儲client的channel * key:ip value:Channel */ public static Map<String, Channel> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel>(); /** * 開啟Netty tcp server服務 * * @return */ public ChannelFuture start() { // 啟動類 ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker)//組配置,初始化ServerBootstrap的線程組 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//構造channel通道工廠 bossGroup的通道,只是負責連接 .childHandler(serverChannelInitializer) //設置通道處理者ChannelHandlerWorkerGroup的處理器 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//socket參數,當服務器請求處理程全滿時,用于臨時存放已完成三次握手請求的隊列的最大長度。如果未設置或所設置的值小于1,Java將使用默認值50。 .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);//啟用心跳保活機制,tcp,默認2小時發一次心跳 //Future:異步任務的生命周期,可用來獲取任務結果 ChannelFuture channelFuture1 = serverBootstrap.bind(port).syncUninterruptibly(); // 綁定端口 開啟監聽 同步等待 if (channelFuture1 != null && channelFuture1.isSuccess()) { channel = channelFuture1.channel();// 獲取通道 LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server start success,port={}",port); }else { LOGGER.error("Netty tcp server start fail"); } return channelFuture1; } /** * 停止Netty tcp server服務 */ public void destroy(){ if (channel != null) { channel.close(); } try { Future<?> future = worker.shutdownGracefully().await(); if (!future.isSuccess()) { LOGGER.error("netty tcp workerGroup shutdown fail,{}",future.cause()); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { LOGGER.error(e.toString()); } LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server shutdown success"); } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @Component public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Autowired ServerChannelHandler serverChannelHandler; @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline(); //IdleStateHandler心跳機制,如果超時觸發Handle中userEventTrigger()方法 pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler", new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES)); // 字符串編解碼器 pipeline.addLast( new StringDecoder(), new StringEncoder() ); // 自定義Handler pipeline.addLast("serverChannelHandler",serverChannelHandler); } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class ServerChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServerChannelHandler.class); /** * 拿到傳過來的msg數據,開始處理 * @param channelHandlerContext * @param msg * @throws Exception */ @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception { LOGGER.info("Netty tcp server receive message: {}",msg); channelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(" response message "+msg).syncUninterruptibly(); } /** * 活躍的、有效的通道 * 第一次連接成功后進入的方法 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { super.channelActive(ctx); LOGGER.info("tcp client "+getRemoteAddress(ctx)+" connect success"); NettyTcpServer.map.put(getIPString(ctx),ctx.channel()); } /** * 不活動的通道 * 連接丟失后執行的方法(client端可據此實現斷線重連) * @param ctx * @throws Exception */ @Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // 刪除Channel Map中失效的Client NettyTcpServer.map.remove(getIPString(ctx)); ctx.close(); } /** * 異常處理 * @param ctx * @param cause * @throws Exception */ @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause); // 發生異常 關閉連接 LOGGER.error("引擎{}的通道發生異常,斷開連接",getRemoteAddress(ctx)); ctx.close(); } /** * 心跳機制 超時處理 * @param ctx * @param evt * @throws Exception */ @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { String socketString = ctx.channel().remoteAddress().toString(); if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) { IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; if (event.state()== IdleState.READER_IDLE) { LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" READER_IDLE讀超時"); ctx.disconnect(); }else if (event.state()==IdleState.WRITER_IDLE){ LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" WRITER_IDLE寫超時"); ctx.disconnect(); }else if (event.state()==IdleState.ALL_IDLE){ LOGGER.info("Client: "+socketString+" ALL_IDLE總超時"); ctx.disconnect(); } } } /** * 獲取client對象:ip+port * @param channelHandlerContext * @return */ public String getRemoteAddress(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){ String socketString = ""; socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString(); return socketString; } /** * 獲取client的ip * @param channelHandlerContext * @return */ public String getIPString(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext){ String ipString = ""; String socketString = channelHandlerContext.channel().remoteAddress().toString(); int colonAt = socketString.indexOf(":"); ipString = socketString.substring(1,colonAt); return ipString; } }
客戶端
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.xml.ws.Holder; @Component public class NettyTcpClient { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyTcpClient.class); @Value("${netty.tcp.server.host}") String HOST; @Value("${netty.tcp.server.port}") int PORT; @Autowired ClientChannelInitializer clientChannelInitializer; private Channel channel; /** * 初始化 `Bootstrap` 客戶端引導程序 * @return */ private final Bootstrap getBootstrap(){ Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); bootstrap.group(group) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//通道連接者 .handler(clientChannelInitializer)//通道處理者 .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE,true);// 心跳報活 return bootstrap; } /** * 建立連接,獲取連接通道對象 */ public void connect(){ ChannelFuture channelFuture = getBootstrap().connect(HOST, PORT).syncUninterruptibly(); if (channelFuture != null&&channelFuture.isSuccess()) { channel = channelFuture.channel(); LOGGER.info("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} success", HOST,PORT); }else { LOGGER.error("connect tcp server host = {},port = {} fail",HOST,PORT); } } /** * 向服務器發送消息 */ public void sendMessage(Object msg) throws InterruptedException { if (channel != null) { channel.writeAndFlush(msg).sync(); }else { LOGGER.warn("消息發送失敗,連接尚未建立"); } } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder; import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @Component public class ClientChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Autowired ClientChannelHandler clientChannelHandler; @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("idleStateHandler", new IdleStateHandler(15,0,0, TimeUnit.MINUTES)); pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(),new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast("clientChannelHandler",clientChannelHandler); } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class ClientChannelHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientChannelHandler.class); @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object msg) throws Exception { LOGGER.info("Netty tcp client receive msg : " + msg); } }
啟動類
import com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient; import com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class StartApplication implements CommandLineRunner { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(StartApplication.class, args); } @Autowired NettyTcpServer nettyTcpServer; @Autowired NettyTcpClient nettyTcpClient; /** * Callback used to run the bean. * * @param args incoming main method arguments * @throws Exception on error */ @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { ChannelFuture start = nettyTcpServer.start(); nettyTcpClient.connect(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { nettyTcpClient.sendMessage("hello world "+i); } start.channel().closeFuture().syncUninterruptibly(); } }
使用循環讓客戶端向服務端發送10條數據
運行結果
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\bin\java.exe" -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=62789:D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sqljdbc4-4.0.0.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_271\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.3.0.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.0.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.2\log4j-api-2.13.2.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.6.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.6.RELEASE.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.26\snakeyaml-1.26.jar;D:\Maven\myreprository\io\netty\netty-all\4.1.31.Final\netty-all-4.1.31.Final.jar" com.netty.StartApplication
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.3.0.RELEASE)2021-07-13 08:32:17.161 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : Starting StartApplication on LAPTOP-H9JFQJGF with PID 18068 (D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty\target\classes started by huangzixiao in D:\Java Code\testmaven15netty)
2021-07-13 08:32:17.165 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-07-13 08:32:18.371 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.StartApplication : Started StartApplication in 1.706 seconds (JVM running for 2.672)
2021-07-13 08:32:18.931 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.server.NettyTcpServer : Netty tcp server start success,port=7000
2021-07-13 08:32:19.016 INFO 18068 --- [ main] com.netty.client.NettyTcpClient : connect tcp server host = 127.0.0.1,port = 7000 success
2021-07-13 08:32:19.078 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : tcp client /127.0.0.1:52653 connect success
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 0
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 1
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 0
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 2
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 1
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 3
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 2
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 4
2021-07-13 08:32:19.100 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 3
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 5
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 4
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 6
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 5
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 7
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 6 response message hello world 7
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 8
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 8
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-3-1] com.netty.server.ServerChannelHandler : Netty tcp server receive message: hello world 9
2021-07-13 08:32:19.104 INFO 18068 --- [ntLoopGroup-4-1] com.netty.client.ClientChannelHandler : Netty tcp client receive msg : response message hello world 9
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