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本篇內容介紹了“Knockout基本語法有哪些”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
1 Hello world
這個例子里,2個輸入框都被綁定到data model上的observable變量上。“full name”顯示的是一個dependent observable,它的值是前面2個輸入框的值合并一起的結果。
無論哪個輸入框更新,都會看到“full name” 顯示結果都會自動更新。查看HTML源代碼可以看到我們不需要聲明onchange事件。Knockout知道什么時候該更新UI。
代碼: View
<p>First name: <input data-bind="value: firstName"/></p> <p>Last name: <input data-bind="value: lastName"/></p> <h3>Hello, <span data-bind="text: fullName"> </span>!</h3>
代碼: View model
// 這里是聲明的view model var viewModel = { firstName: ko.observable("Planet"), lastName: ko.observable("Earth") }; viewModel.fullName = ko.dependentObservable(function () { // Knockout tracks dependencies automatically. //It knows that fullName depends on firstName and lastName, //because these get called when evaluating fullName. return viewModel.firstName() + " " + viewModel.lastName(); }); ko.applyBindings(viewModel); // This makes Knockout get to work
2 Click counter
這個例子展示的創建一個view model并且綁定各種綁定到HTML元素標記上,以便展示和修改view model的狀態。
Knockout根據依賴項。在內部,hasClickedTooManyTimes在numberOfClicks上有個訂閱,以便當numberOfClicks改變的時候,強制hasClickedTooManyTimes重新執行。相似的,UI界面上多個地方引用hasClickedTooManyTimes,所以當hasClickedTooManyTimes 改變的時候,也講導致UI界面更新。
不需要手工聲明或者訂閱這些subscription訂閱,他們由KO框架自己創建和銷毀。參考如下代碼實現:
代碼: View
<div>You've clicked <span data-bind="text: numberOfClicks"> </span> times</div> <button data-bind="click: registerClick, enable: !hasClickedTooManyTimes()">Click me</button> <div data-bind="visible: hasClickedTooManyTimes"> That's too many clicks! Please stop before you wear out your fingers. <button data-bind="click: function() { numberOfClicks(0) }">Reset clicks</button> </div>
代碼: View model
var clickCounterViewModel = function () { this.numberOfClicks = ko.observable(0); this.registerClick = function () { this.numberOfClicks(this.numberOfClicks() + 1); } this.hasClickedTooManyTimes = ko.dependentObservable(function () { return this.numberOfClicks() >= 3; }, this); }; ko.applyBindings(new clickCounterViewModel());
3 Simple list
這個例子展示的是綁定到數組上。
注意到,只有當你在輸入框里輸入一些值的時候,Add按鈕才可用。參考下面的HTML代碼是如何使用enable 綁定。
代碼: View
<form data-bind="submit: addItem"> New item: <input data-bind='value: itemToAdd, valueUpdate: "afterkeydown"' /> <button type="submit" data-bind="enable: itemToAdd().length > 0">Add</button> <p>Your items:</p> <select multiple="multiple" width="50" data-bind="options: items"> </select> </form>
代碼: View model
var viewModel = {}; viewModel.items = ko.observableArray(["Alpha", "Beta", "Gamma"]); viewModel.itemToAdd = ko.observable(""); viewModel.addItem = function () { if (viewModel.itemToAdd() != "") { viewModel.items.push(viewModel.itemToAdd()); // Adds the item. Writing to the "items" observableArray causes any associated UI to update. viewModel.itemToAdd(""); // Clears the text box, because it's bound to the "itemToAdd" observable } } ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
4 Better list
這個例子是在上個例子的基礎上添加remove item功能(multi-selection)和排序功能。 “remove”和“sort”按鈕在不能用的時候會變成disabled狀態(例如,沒有足夠的item來排序)。
參考HTML代碼是如何實現這些功能的,另外這個例子也展示了如何使用匿名函數來實現排序。
代碼: View
<form data-bind="submit:addItem"> Add item: <input type="text" data-bind='value:itemToAdd, valueUpdate: "afterkeydown"' /> <button type="submit" data-bind="enable: itemToAdd().length > 0">Add</button> </form> <p>Your values:</p> <select multiple="multiple" height="5" data-bind="options:allItems, selectedOptions:selectedItems"> </select> <div> <button data-bind="click: removeSelected, enable: selectedItems().length > 0">Remove</button> <button data-bind="click: function() { allItems.sort() }, enable: allItems().length > 1">Sort</button> </div>
代碼: View model
// In this example, betterListModel is a class, and the view model is an instance of it. // See simpleList.html for an example of how to construct a view model without defining a class for it. Either technique works fine. var betterListModel = function () { this.itemToAdd = new ko.observable(""); this.allItems = new ko.observableArray(["Fries", "Eggs Benedict", "Ham", "Cheese"]); // Initial items this.selectedItems = new ko.observableArray(["Ham"]); // Initial selection this.addItem = function () { if ((this.itemToAdd() != "") && (this.allItems.indexOf(this.itemToAdd()) < 0)) // Prevent blanks and duplicates this.allItems.push(this.itemToAdd()); this.itemToAdd(""); // Clear the text box } this.removeSelected = function () { this.allItems.removeAll(this.selectedItems()); this.selectedItems([]); // Clear selection } }; ko.applyBindings(new betterListModel());
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