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本篇內容介紹了“怎么給ASP.NET MVC及WebApi添加路由優先級”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
一、為什么需要路由優先級
大家都知道我們在Asp.Net MVC項目或WebApi項目中注冊路由是沒有優先級的,當項目比較大、或有多個區域、或多個Web項目、或采用插件式框架開發時,我們的路由注冊很可能 不是寫在一個文件中的,而是分散在很多不同項目的文件中,這樣一來,路由的優先級的問題就突顯出來了。
比如: App_Start/RouteConfig.cs中
routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); Areas/Admin/AdminAreaRegistration.cs中 context.MapRoute( name: "Login", url: "login", defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Account", action = "Login", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" } );
假如是先注冊上面那個通用的default路由,再注冊這個login的路由,那么無論怎么樣,都會先匹配***個滿足條件的路由,也就是第兩個路由注冊是無效的。
造成這個問題的原因就是這兩個路由注冊的順序問題,而Asp.Net MVC及WebApi中注冊路由都沒有優先級這個概念,所以今天我們就是要自己實現這個想法,在注冊路由時加入一個優先級的概念。
二、解決思路
1、先分析路由注冊的入口,比如我們新建一個mvc4.0的項目
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } }
Mvc路由的注冊入口有兩個:
a. AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注冊區域路由
b. RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 注冊項目路由
WebApi路由注冊入口有一個:
WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); 注冊WebApi路由
2、注冊路由的處理類分析
AreaRegistrationContext
RouteCollection
HttpRouteCollection
注冊路由時主要是由這三個類來注冊處理路由的。
3、路由優先級方案
a、更改路由的注冊入口
b、自定義一個路由的結構類RoutePriority及HttpRoutePriority,這兩個類下面都有Priority這個屬性
c、自定一個RegistrationContext來注冊路由,注冊的對象為上述自定義路由。
d、所有的路由注冊完成之后再按優先順序添加到RouteCollection及HttpRouteCollection中實際生效。
三、具體實現
1、路由定義
public class RoutePriority : Route { public string Name { get; set; } public int Priority { get; set; } public RoutePriority(string url, IRouteHandler routeHandler) : base(url,routeHandler) { } } public class HttpRoutePriority { public string Name { get; set; } public int Priority { get; set; } public string RouteTemplate{get;set;} public object Defaults{get;set;} public object Constraints{get;set;} public HttpMessageHandler Handler{get;set;} }
2、定義路由注冊的接口
public interface IRouteRegister { void Register(RegistrationContext context); }
3、定義路由注冊上下文類
public class RegistrationContext { #region mvc public List<RoutePriority> Routes = new List<RoutePriority>(); public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url,int priority=0) { return MapRoute(name, url, (object)null /* defaults */, priority); } public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, int priority = 0) { return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, (object)null /* constraints */, priority); } public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, int priority = 0) { return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, constraints, null /* namespaces */, priority); } public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, string[] namespaces, int priority = 0) { return MapRoute(name, url, (object)null /* defaults */, namespaces, priority); } public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, string[] namespaces,int priority=0) { return MapRoute(name, url, defaults, null /* constraints */, namespaces, priority); } public RoutePriority MapRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces, int priority = 0) { var route = MapPriorityRoute(name, url, defaults, constraints, namespaces, priority); var areaName = GetAreaName(defaults); route.DataTokens["area"] = areaName; // disabling the namespace lookup fallback mechanism keeps this areas from accidentally picking up // controllers belonging to other areas bool useNamespaceFallback = (namespaces == null || namespaces.Length == 0); route.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = useNamespaceFallback; return route; } private static string GetAreaName(object defaults) { if (defaults != null) { var property = defaults.GetType().GetProperty("area"); if (property != null) return (string)property.GetValue(defaults, null); } return null; } private RoutePriority MapPriorityRoute(string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints, string[] namespaces,int priority) { if (url == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("url"); } var route = new RoutePriority(url, new MvcRouteHandler()) { Name = name, Priority = priority, Defaults = CreateRouteValueDictionary(defaults), Constraints = CreateRouteValueDictionary(constraints), DataTokens = new RouteValueDictionary() }; if ((namespaces != null) && (namespaces.Length > 0)) { route.DataTokens["Namespaces"] = namespaces; } Routes.Add(route); return route; } private static RouteValueDictionary CreateRouteValueDictionary(object values) { var dictionary = values as IDictionary<string, object>; if (dictionary != null) { return new RouteValueDictionary(dictionary); } return new RouteValueDictionary(values); } #endregion #region http public List<HttpRoutePriority> HttpRoutes = new List<HttpRoutePriority>(); public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, int priority = 0) { return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults: null, constraints: null, handler: null, priority: priority); } public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, int priority = 0) { return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults, constraints: null, handler: null, priority: priority); } public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, object constraints, int priority = 0) { return MapHttpRoute(name, routeTemplate, defaults, constraints, handler: null, priority: priority); } public HttpRoutePriority MapHttpRoute(string name, string routeTemplate, object defaults, object constraints, HttpMessageHandler handler, int priority = 0) { var httpRoute = new HttpRoutePriority(); httpRoute.Name = name; httpRoute.RouteTemplate = routeTemplate; httpRoute.Defaults = defaults; httpRoute.Constraints = constraints; httpRoute.Handler = handler; httpRoute.Priority = priority; HttpRoutes.Add(httpRoute); return httpRoute; } #endregion }
4、把路由注冊處理方法添加到Configuration類中
public static Configuration RegisterRoutePriority(this Configuration config) { var typesSoFar = new List<Type>(); var assemblies = GetReferencedAssemblies(); foreach (Assembly assembly in assemblies) { var types = assembly.GetTypes().Where(t => typeof(IRouteRegister).IsAssignableFrom(t) && !t.IsAbstract && !t.IsInterface); typesSoFar.AddRange(types); } var context = new RegistrationContext(); foreach (var type in typesSoFar) { var obj = (IRouteRegister)Activator.CreateInstance(type); obj.Register(context); } foreach (var route in context.HttpRoutes.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority)) GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Routes.MapHttpRoute(route.Name, route.RouteTemplate, route.Defaults, route.Constraints, route.Handler); foreach (var route in context.Routes.OrderByDescending(x => x.Priority)) RouteTable.Routes.Add(route.Name, route); return config; } private static IEnumerable<Assembly> GetReferencedAssemblies() { var assemblies = BuildManager.GetReferencedAssemblies(); foreach (Assembly assembly in assemblies) yield return assembly; }
這樣一來就大功告成,使用時只需要在Global.asax.cs文件中修改原注冊入口為
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); Configuration.Instance() .RegisterComponents() .RegisterRoutePriority(); //注冊自定義路由 } }
在每個項目中使用只需要要繼承自定義路由注冊接口IRouteRegister,例如:
public class Registration : IRouteRegister { public void Register(RegistrationContext context) { //注冊后端管理登錄路由 context.MapRoute( name: "Admin_Login", url: "Admin/login", defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Account", action = "Login", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" }, priority: 11 ); //注冊后端管理頁面默認路由 context.MapRoute( name: "Admin_default", url: "Admin/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, namespaces: new string[] { "Wenku.Admin.Controllers" }, priority: 10 ); //注冊手機訪問WebApi路由 context.MapHttpRoute( name: "Mobile_Api", routeTemplate: "api/mobile/{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { area = "mobile", action = RouteParameter.Optional, id = RouteParameter.Optional, namespaceName = new string[] { "Wenku.Mobile.Http" } }, constraints: new { action = new StartWithConstraint() }, priority: 0 ); } }
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