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這篇文章主要介紹python如何使用ProjectQ生成量子算法指令集,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
首先介紹一個最基本的使用方法,就是使用ProjectQ來打印量子算法中所輸入的量子門操作,這里使用到了ProjectQ中的DummyEngine
后端用于保存操作的指令。比如最簡單的一個Bell State的制備,可以通過如下代碼實現,并且打印出所保存的基本操作:
from projectq import MainEngine from projectq.cengines import DummyEngine from projectq.ops import H, CX, All, Measure backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True) eng = MainEngine(backend=backend) qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(2) H | qureg[0] CX | (qureg[0], qureg[1]) All(Measure) | qureg eng.flush(deallocate_qubits=True) for cmd in backend.received_commands: print (cmd)
運行結果如下:
Allocate | Qureg[0] H | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) Measure | Qureg[0] Measure | Qureg[1] Deallocate | Qureg[0] Deallocate | Qureg[1]
這里有一點需要注意的是,如果是單次運算,我們到Measure就可以結束了。但是如果同一個線程的任務還沒有結束的話,需要在Measure之后加上一個deallocate_qubits=True
的配置項,用于解除當前分配的量子比特所占用的內存。
在量子算法的實現中,我們可以用一些函數或者類來封裝一部分的量子算法操作指令,但是這可能會導致一個問題,那就是在ProjectQ上打印出來的操作指令沒有把封裝的模塊的內容輸出出來,比如如下的案例:
from projectq import MainEngine from projectq.cengines import DummyEngine from projectq.ops import H, CX, All, Measure, TimeEvolution, QubitOperator backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True) eng = MainEngine(backend=backend) qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3) H | qureg[0] CX | (qureg[0], qureg[1]) TimeEvolution(1, QubitOperator('X2 X1')) | qureg All(Measure) | qureg eng.flush() for cmd in backend.received_commands: print (cmd)
執行結果如下:
Allocate | Qureg[0] H | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) Measure | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[2] exp(-1j * (1.0 X0 X1)) | Qureg[1-2] Measure | Qureg[1] Measure | Qureg[2]
我們發現這里的含時演化的操作算符沒有被分解,而是直接打印輸出了出來。但是如果在硬件系統中,只能夠識別支持的指令操作,這里的含時演化操作可能并未在量子硬件體系中被實現,因此我們就需要在將指令發送給量子硬件之前,就對其進行分解。
這里我們直接調用ProjectQ的配置中的restrictedgateset方法進行操作分解,我們將單比特門操作的范圍放寬到所有的操作,但是雙比特操作只允許CX操作,并將這個配置作為engin_list配置到ProjectQ的MainEngine中:
from projectq import MainEngine from projectq.cengines import DummyEngine from projectq.ops import H, CX, All, Measure, TimeEvolution, QubitOperator from projectq.setups import restrictedgateset engine_list = restrictedgateset.get_engine_list(one_qubit_gates="any",two_qubit_gates=(CX,)) backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True) eng = MainEngine(backend=backend,engine_list=engine_list) qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3) H | qureg[0] CX | (qureg[0], qureg[1]) TimeEvolution(1, QubitOperator('X2 X1')) | qureg All(Measure) | qureg eng.flush(deallocate_qubits=True) for cmd in backend.received_commands: print (cmd)
打印輸出的結果如下:
Allocate | Qureg[0] H | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) Measure | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[2] H | Qureg[2] H | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[1], Qureg[2] ) Rz(2.0) | Qureg[2] CX | ( Qureg[1], Qureg[2] ) H | Qureg[1] Measure | Qureg[1] H | Qureg[2] Measure | Qureg[2] Deallocate | Qureg[0] Deallocate | Qureg[1] Deallocate | Qureg[2]
可以看到含時演化算符已經被分解并輸出了出來。由于已知單比特量子門加上一個CX是一個完備的量子門集合,因此一般我們可以直接使用這個集合來進行量子門操作指令集的限制。
QFT是ProjectQ中所自帶支持的量子傅里葉變換的量子門操作封裝,跟上一個章節中所介紹的含時演化算符類似的,我們可以用restrictedgateset
來具體分解QFT算符:
from projectq import MainEngine from projectq.cengines import DummyEngine from projectq.ops import H, CX, All, Measure, TimeEvolution, QubitOperator, QFT from projectq.setups import restrictedgateset engine_list = restrictedgateset.get_engine_list(one_qubit_gates="any",two_qubit_gates=(CX,)) backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True) eng = MainEngine(backend=backend,engine_list=engine_list) qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3) H | qureg[0] CX | (qureg[0], qureg[1]) QFT | qureg All(Measure) | qureg eng.flush(deallocate_qubits=True) for cmd in backend.received_commands: print (cmd)
輸出的結果如下:
Allocate | Qureg[2] Allocate | Qureg[1] H | Qureg[2] Rz(0.785398163398) | Qureg[2] Allocate | Qureg[0] H | Qureg[0] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) R(0.785398163398) | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[1], Qureg[2] ) Rz(11.780972450962) | Qureg[2] CX | ( Qureg[1], Qureg[2] ) R(0.392699081698) | Qureg[0] Rz(0.392699081698) | Qureg[2] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[2] ) H | Qureg[1] Rz(12.173671532661) | Qureg[2] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[2] ) R(0.785398163398) | Qureg[0] Rz(0.785398163398) | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) Rz(11.780972450962) | Qureg[1] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) H | Qureg[0] Measure | Qureg[0] Measure | Qureg[1] Measure | Qureg[2] Deallocate | Qureg[1] Deallocate | Qureg[2] Deallocate | Qureg[0]
如果2比特門操作也不加以限制的化,ProjectQ中會自動選取最簡易的分解形式:
from projectq import MainEngine from projectq.cengines import DummyEngine from projectq.ops import H, CX, All, Measure, TimeEvolution, QubitOperator, QFT from projectq.setups import restrictedgateset engine_list = restrictedgateset.get_engine_list(one_qubit_gates="any",two_qubit_gates="any") backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True) eng = MainEngine(backend=backend,engine_list=engine_list) qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3) H | qureg[0] CX | (qureg[0], qureg[1]) QFT | qureg All(Measure) | qureg eng.flush(deallocate_qubits=True) for cmd in backend.received_commands: print (cmd)
輸出結果如下:
Allocate | Qureg[0] Allocate | Qureg[1] H | Qureg[0] CX | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) Allocate | Qureg[2] H | Qureg[2] CR(1.570796326795) | ( Qureg[1], Qureg[2] ) CR(0.785398163397) | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[2] ) H | Qureg[1] CR(1.570796326795) | ( Qureg[0], Qureg[1] ) H | Qureg[0] Measure | Qureg[0] Measure | Qureg[1] Measure | Qureg[2] Deallocate | Qureg[1] Deallocate | Qureg[2] Deallocate | Qureg[0]
可以發現使用了CR來替代CX之后,分解出來的線路會更加的簡短。
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