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本篇文章為大家展示了如何在mysql中使用r2dbc,內容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細介紹希望你能有所收獲。
要想使用r2dbc-mysql,我們需要添加如下的maven依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>dev.miku</groupId> <artifactId>r2dbc-mysql</artifactId> <version>0.8.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
當然,如果你想使用snapshot版本的話,可以這樣:
<dependency> <groupId>dev.miku</groupId> <artifactId>r2dbc-mysql</artifactId> <version>${r2dbc-mysql.version}.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <repository> <id>sonatype-snapshots</id> <name>SonaType Snapshots</name> <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository>
創建connectionFactory的代碼實際上使用的r2dbc的標準接口,所以和之前講到的h3的創建代碼基本上是一樣的:
// Notice: the query string must be URL encoded ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get( "r2dbcs:mysql://root:database-password-in-here@127.0.0.1:3306/r2dbc?" + "zeroDate=use_round&" + "sslMode=verify_identity&" + "useServerPrepareStatement=true&" + "tlsVersion=TLSv1.3%2CTLSv1.2%2CTLSv1.1&" + "sslCa=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fmysql%2Fca.pem&" + "sslKey=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fmysql%2Fclient-key.pem&" + "sslCert=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fmysql%2Fclient-cert.pem&" + "sslKeyPassword=key-pem-password-in-here" ) // Creating a Mono using Project Reactor Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
不同的是ConnectionFactories傳入的參數不同。
我們也支持unix domain socket的格式:
// Minimum configuration for unix domain socket ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get("r2dbc:mysql://root@unix?unixSocket=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fmysql.sock") Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
同樣的,我們也支持從ConnectionFactoryOptions中創建ConnectionFactory:
ConnectionFactoryOptions options = ConnectionFactoryOptions.builder() .option(DRIVER, "mysql") .option(HOST, "127.0.0.1") .option(USER, "root") .option(PORT, 3306) // optional, default 3306 .option(PASSWORD, "database-password-in-here") // optional, default null, null means has no password .option(DATABASE, "r2dbc") // optional, default null, null means not specifying the database .option(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) // optional, default null, null means no timeout .option(SSL, true) // optional, default sslMode is "preferred", it will be ignore if sslMode is set .option(Option.valueOf("sslMode"), "verify_identity") // optional, default "preferred" .option(Option.valueOf("sslCa"), "/path/to/mysql/ca.pem") // required when sslMode is verify_ca or verify_identity, default null, null means has no server CA cert .option(Option.valueOf("sslCert"), "/path/to/mysql/client-cert.pem") // optional, default null, null means has no client cert .option(Option.valueOf("sslKey"), "/path/to/mysql/client-key.pem") // optional, default null, null means has no client key .option(Option.valueOf("sslKeyPassword"), "key-pem-password-in-here") // optional, default null, null means has no password for client key (i.e. "sslKey") .option(Option.valueOf("tlsVersion"), "TLSv1.3,TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1") // optional, default is auto-selected by the server .option(Option.valueOf("sslHostnameVerifier"), "com.example.demo.MyVerifier") // optional, default is null, null means use standard verifier .option(Option.valueOf("sslContextBuilderCustomizer"), "com.example.demo.MyCustomizer") // optional, default is no-op customizer .option(Option.valueOf("zeroDate"), "use_null") // optional, default "use_null" .option(Option.valueOf("useServerPrepareStatement"), true) // optional, default false .option(Option.valueOf("tcpKeepAlive"), true) // optional, default false .option(Option.valueOf("tcpNoDelay"), true) // optional, default false .option(Option.valueOf("autodetectExtensions"), false) // optional, default false .build(); ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get(options); // Creating a Mono using Project Reactor Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
或者下面的unix domain socket格式:
// Minimum configuration for unix domain socket ConnectionFactoryOptions options = ConnectionFactoryOptions.builder() .option(DRIVER, "mysql") .option(Option.valueOf("unixSocket"), "/path/to/mysql.sock") .option(USER, "root") .build(); ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get(options); Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
上面的例子中,我們使用的是通用的r2dbc api來創建connection,同樣的,我們也可以使用特有的MySqlConnectionFactory來創建connection:
MySqlConnectionConfiguration configuration = MySqlConnectionConfiguration.builder() .host("127.0.0.1") .user("root") .port(3306) // optional, default 3306 .password("database-password-in-here") // optional, default null, null means has no password .database("r2dbc") // optional, default null, null means not specifying the database .serverZoneId(ZoneId.of("Continent/City")) // optional, default null, null means query server time zone when connection init .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) // optional, default null, null means no timeout .sslMode(SslMode.VERIFY_IDENTITY) // optional, default SslMode.PREFERRED .sslCa("/path/to/mysql/ca.pem") // required when sslMode is VERIFY_CA or VERIFY_IDENTITY, default null, null means has no server CA cert .sslCert("/path/to/mysql/client-cert.pem") // optional, default has no client SSL certificate .sslKey("/path/to/mysql/client-key.pem") // optional, default has no client SSL key .sslKeyPassword("key-pem-password-in-here") // optional, default has no client SSL key password .tlsVersion(TlsVersions.TLS1_3, TlsVersions.TLS1_2, TlsVersions.TLS1_1) // optional, default is auto-selected by the server .sslHostnameVerifier(MyVerifier.INSTANCE) // optional, default is null, null means use standard verifier .sslContextBuilderCustomizer(MyCustomizer.INSTANCE) // optional, default is no-op customizer .zeroDateOption(ZeroDateOption.USE_NULL) // optional, default ZeroDateOption.USE_NULL .useServerPrepareStatement() // Use server-preparing statements, default use client-preparing statements .tcpKeepAlive(true) // optional, controls TCP Keep Alive, default is false .tcpNoDelay(true) // optional, controls TCP No Delay, default is false .autodetectExtensions(false) // optional, controls extension auto-detect, default is true .extendWith(MyExtension.INSTANCE) // optional, manual extend an extension into extensions, default using auto-detect .build(); ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = MySqlConnectionFactory.from(configuration); // Creating a Mono using Project Reactor Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
或者下面的unix domain socket方式:
// Minimum configuration for unix domain socket MySqlConnectionConfiguration configuration = MySqlConnectionConfiguration.builder() .unixSocket("/path/to/mysql.sock") .user("root") .build(); ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = MySqlConnectionFactory.from(configuration); Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
首先看一個簡單的不帶參數的statement:
connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO `person` (`first_name`, `last_name`) VALUES ('who', 'how')") .execute(); // return a Publisher include one Result
然后看一個帶參數的statement:
connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO `person` (`birth`, `nickname`, `show_name`) VALUES (?, ?name, ?name)") .bind(0, LocalDateTime.of(2019, 6, 25, 12, 12, 12)) .bind("name", "Some one") // Not one-to-one binding, call twice of native index-bindings, or call once of name-bindings. .add() .bind(0, LocalDateTime.of(2009, 6, 25, 12, 12, 12)) .bind(1, "My Nickname") .bind(2, "Naming show") .returnGeneratedValues("generated_id") .execute(); // return a Publisher include two Results.
注意,如果參數是null的話,可以使用bindNull來進行null值的綁定。
接下來我們看一個批量執行的操作:
connection.createBatch() .add("INSERT INTO `person` (`first_name`, `last_name`) VALUES ('who', 'how')") .add("UPDATE `earth` SET `count` = `count` + 1 WHERE `id` = 'human'") .execute(); // return a Publisher include two Results.
我們看一個執行事務的例子:
connection.beginTransaction() .then(Mono.from(connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO `person` (`first_name`, `last_name`) VALUES ('who', 'how')").execute())) .flatMap(Result::getRowsUpdated) .thenMany(connection.createStatement("INSERT INTO `person` (`birth`, `nickname`, `show_name`) VALUES (?, ?name, ?name)") .bind(0, LocalDateTime.of(2019, 6, 25, 12, 12, 12)) .bind("name", "Some one") .add() .bind(0, LocalDateTime.of(2009, 6, 25, 12, 12, 12)) .bind(1, "My Nickname") .bind(2, "Naming show") .returnGeneratedValues("generated_id") .execute()) .flatMap(Result::getRowsUpdated) .then(connection.commitTransaction());
為了提升數據庫的執行效率,減少建立連接的開銷,一般數據庫連接都會有連接池的概念,同樣的r2dbc也有一個叫做r2dbc-pool的連接池。
r2dbc-pool的依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>io.r2dbc</groupId> <artifactId>r2dbc-pool</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> </dependency>
如果你想使用snapshot版本,也可以這樣指定:
<dependency> <groupId>io.r2dbc</groupId> <artifactId>r2dbc-pool</artifactId> <version>${version}.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <repository> <id>spring-libs-snapshot</id> <name>Spring Snapshot Repository</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot</url> </repository>
看一下怎么指定數據庫連接池:
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get("r2dbc:pool:<my-driver>://<host>:<port>/<database>[?maxIdleTime=PT60S[&…]"); Publisher<? extends Connection> connectionPublisher = connectionFactory.create();
可以看到,我們只需要在連接URL上面添加pool這個driver即可。
同樣的,我們也可以通過ConnectionFactoryOptions來創建:
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = ConnectionFactories.get(ConnectionFactoryOptions.builder() .option(DRIVER, "pool") .option(PROTOCOL, "postgresql") // driver identifier, PROTOCOL is delegated as DRIVER by the pool. .option(HOST, "…") .option(PORT, "…") .option(USER, "…") .option(PASSWORD, "…") .option(DATABASE, "…") .build()); Publisher<? extends Connection> connectionPublisher = connectionFactory.create(); // Alternative: Creating a Mono using Project Reactor Mono<Connection> connectionMono = Mono.from(connectionFactory.create());
最后, 你也可以直接通過創建ConnectionPoolConfiguration來使用線程池:
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = …; ConnectionPoolConfiguration configuration = ConnectionPoolConfiguration.builder(connectionFactory) .maxIdleTime(Duration.ofMillis(1000)) .maxSize(20) .build(); ConnectionPool pool = new ConnectionPool(configuration); Mono<Connection> connectionMono = pool.create(); // later Connection connection = …; Mono<Void> release = connection.close(); // released the connection back to the pool // application shutdown pool.dispose();
上述內容就是如何在mysql中使用r2dbc,你們學到知識或技能了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識儲備,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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