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我們上一講講到了RMAN能提供全庫備份、表空間備份、數據文件備份、歸檔日志備份、控制文件及參數文件的備份。RMAN備份出來的文件稱之為備份集,RMAN在備份的過程中,只備份已經使用過的數據塊。RMAN將多個數據文件打包到一起,生成一個備份集。數據文件與備份集文件不再是一一對應的關系。關于備份集的概念,我們下一講再詳細介紹。本將我們說說RMAN的另一種備份方式--鏡像copy。
鏡像copy是單個數據文件、控制文件、歸檔日志的克隆。備份出來的備份文件與數據庫文件一一對應。下圖描述了備份集與鏡像copy之間的區別
鏡像copy可以使用RMAN的backup as copy命令生成,也可以使用操作系統命令生成。
使用backup as copy命令備份時,Oracle服務器會話驗證數據文件中的數據塊,并且會將此次備份操作記錄到控制文件中。我們知道,如果使用操作系統命令進行熱備,首先要在數據庫中執行begin backup命令,執行該命令后,數據文件的頭部將被冷凍,在備份期間,為了保證數據塊的有效性,一旦數據塊被修改,那么日志文件將記錄下該數據塊的原始鏡像。如果使用RMAN的backup as copy命令進行備份,則無需執行begin backup。 因為rman在備份的過程中會檢查數據塊的一致性,直到數據塊一致了,才將其copy到備份文件中。
鏡像copy有如下特征:
鏡像copy只能寫到磁盤上,當備份大文件時,將花費很長時間。但是數據還原的時間將大大減少。因為數據文件已經在磁盤上,無需從其他介質中還原數據文件。
鏡像copy中包含數據文件中的所有的塊,無論該塊是否被使用。
執行鏡像copy
備份數據庫
RMAN> backup as copy database; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 11:53:55 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=39 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_bss7pnh3_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=9 STAMP=884519670 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bss7qqqg_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=10 STAMP=884519692 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_example_bss7rk3f_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=11 STAMP=884519708 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bss7s07q_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=12 STAMP=884519715 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_idx_bss7s7gp_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=13 STAMP=884519720 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_bss7s8mb_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T115355 RECID=14 STAMP=884519720 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 11:55:21 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 11:55:21 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884519721_bss7sbdk_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 11:55:22
備份了數據庫中所有的數據文件(包括undo,其實undo也是數據文件)。但是backup database as copy時,并不會備份控制文件和spfile。最后一段備份控制文件與參數文件是因為我們配置了控制文件自動備份功能。
備份表空間
RMAN> backup as copy tablespace EXAMPLE; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 12:26:58 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_example_bss9nmnv_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T122659 RECID=15 STAMP=884521632 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 12:27:14 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:27:14 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884521634_bss9o37t_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:27:15
備份數據文件
RMAN> backup as copy datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf'; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 12:28:59 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_example_bss9rcv9_.dbf tag=TAG20150708T122859 RECID=16 STAMP=884521750 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 12:29:14 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:29:15 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884521755_bss9rv8v_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:29:16
備份控制文件
RMAN> backup as copy current controlfile; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 12:33:34 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy copying current control file output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/controlfile/o1_mf_TAG20150708T123334_bssb0yj4_.ctl tag=TAG20150708T123334 RECID=17 STAMP=884522014 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 12:33:35 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:33:35 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884522015_bssb0zrf_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:33:36
備份歸檔日志文件
RMAN> backup as copy archivelog all; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 12:34:54 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=884486041 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_16_bssb3h9w_.arc RECID=15 STAMP=884522095 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=8 STAMP=884486144 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_17_bssb3jdy_.arc RECID=16 STAMP=884522096 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=9 STAMP=884486148 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_18_bssb3khz_.arc RECID=17 STAMP=884522097 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=10 STAMP=884486151 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_19_bssb3ll4_.arc RECID=18 STAMP=884522098 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=11 STAMP=884486169 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_20_bssb3mnx_.arc RECID=19 STAMP=884522099 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=12 STAMP=884486468 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_21_bssb3nqm_.arc RECID=20 STAMP=884522100 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=13 STAMP=884486525 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_22_bssb3otp_.arc RECID=21 STAMP=884522101 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=14 STAMP=884522094 output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_08/o1_mf_1_23_bssb3py8_.arc RECID=22 STAMP=884522103 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 12:35:03 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:35:04 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884522104_bssb3r69_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 12:35:05
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