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使用Python怎么在Excel中插入或刪除行?相信很多沒有經驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結了問題出現的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
使用openpyxl
一種思路是將sheet數據轉換成list,然后在list進行操作,這種方法可行,但是實際測試之后發現運行起來速度太慢了,數據1000多條,時間就已經等不起了。
# Creat insert row function group---------------------------------------------- def blankRowInsert(sheet, row_num, add_num): myList = Sheet2List(sheet) insertLine(myList, row_num, add_num, sheet.max_column) List2Sheet(sheet,myList) def Sheet2List(sheet): # 把一個表格中的數據全部導出到一個列表 listResult = [] for i in range(1,sheet.max_row + 1): lineData = [] for j in range(1,sheet.max_column +1): cell = sheet.cell(row = i, column = j) lineData.append(cell.value) listResult.append(lineData) return listResult def insertLine(aList, row_num , add_num, maxColumn): # 對列表進行添加操作操作 for _ in range(1,add_num + 1): # ['']*N是創建一個個數為N的空格列表,插入列表aList aList.insert(row_num, [''] * maxColumn) def List2Sheet(sheet,list): # 把數據寫回sheet for i in range(1, len(list) + 1): for j in range(1, len(list[0]) + 1): cell = sheet.cell(row=i, column=j) cell.value = list[i-1][j-1] # End of insert row function group---------------------------------------------
另外一種思路是直接自己給openpyxl這個輪子補胎,添加一個新的方法,筆者沒有試驗,下面的代碼是StackOverflow相關問題上面貼的,如果各位有興趣可以自己嘗試。
def insert_rows(self, row_idx, cnt, above=False, copy_style=True, fill_formulae=True): """Inserts new (empty) rows into worksheet at specified row index. :param row_idx: Row index specifying where to insert new rows. :param cnt: Number of rows to insert. :param above: Set True to insert rows above specified row index. :param copy_style: Set True if new rows should copy style of immediately above row. :param fill_formulae: Set True if new rows should take on formula from immediately above row, filled with references new to rows. Usage: * insert_rows(2, 10, above=True, copy_style=False) """ CELL_RE = re.compile("(?P<col>\$?[A-Z]+)(?P<row>\$?\d+)") row_idx = row_idx - 1 if above else row_idx def replace(m): row = m.group('row') prefix = "$" if row.find("$") != -1 else "" row = int(row.replace("$","")) row += cnt if row > row_idx else 0 return m.group('col') + prefix + str(row) # First, we shift all cells down cnt rows... old_cells = set() old_fas = set() new_cells = dict() new_fas = dict() for c in self._cells.values(): old_coor = c.coordinate # Shift all references to anything below row_idx if c.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA: c.value = CELL_RE.sub( replace, c.value ) # Here, we need to properly update the formula references to reflect new row indices if old_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' in self.formula_attributes[old_coor]: self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref'] = CELL_RE.sub( replace, self.formula_attributes[old_coor]['ref'] ) # Do the magic to set up our actual shift if c.row > row_idx: old_coor = c.coordinate old_cells.add((c.row,c.col_idx)) c.row += cnt new_cells[(c.row,c.col_idx)] = c if old_coor in self.formula_attributes: old_fas.add(old_coor) fa = self.formula_attributes[old_coor].copy() new_fas[c.coordinate] = fa for coor in old_cells: del self._cells[coor] self._cells.update(new_cells) for fa in old_fas: del self.formula_attributes[fa] self.formula_attributes.update(new_fas) # Next, we need to shift all the Row Dimensions below our new rows down by cnt... for row in range(len(self.row_dimensions)-1+cnt,row_idx+cnt,-1): new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-cnt]) new_rd.index = row self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd del self.row_dimensions[row-cnt] # Now, create our new rows, with all the pretty cells row_idx += 1 for row in range(row_idx,row_idx+cnt): # Create a Row Dimension for our new row new_rd = copy.copy(self.row_dimensions[row-1]) new_rd.index = row self.row_dimensions[row] = new_rd for col in range(1,self.max_column): col = get_column_letter(col) cell = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row)) cell.value = None source = self.cell('%s%d'%(col,row-1)) if copy_style: cell.number_format = source.number_format cell.font = source.font.copy() cell.alignment = source.alignment.copy() cell.border = source.border.copy() cell.fill = source.fill.copy() if fill_formulae and source.data_type == Cell.TYPE_FORMULA: s_coor = source.coordinate if s_coor in self.formula_attributes and 'ref' not in self.formula_attributes[s_coor]: fa = self.formula_attributes[s_coor].copy() self.formula_attributes[cell.coordinate] = fa # print("Copying formula from cell %s%d to %s%d"%(col,row-1,col,row)) cell.value = re.sub( "(\$?[A-Z]{1,3}\$?)%d"%(row - 1), lambda m: m.group(1) + str(row), source.value ) cell.data_type = Cell.TYPE_FORMULA # Check for Merged Cell Ranges that need to be expanded to contain new cells for cr_idx, cr in enumerate(self.merged_cell_ranges): self.merged_cell_ranges[cr_idx] = CELL_RE.sub( replace, cr ) # Use way: # Worksheet.insert_rows = insert_rows
3. 使用xlwings
進行一些列嘗試和折騰之后,筆者放棄了使用openpyxl操作Excel插入和刪除行了,到網上尋覓,發現了xlwings這個輪子,說明里寫有api能夠調用VBA的函數,這就很炫酷了,然后翻了翻文檔,決定使用這個輪子操作,現貼出來筆者寫的幾段代碼作為使用方法示范。
3.1. 刪除行: range.api.EntireRow.Delete()
# Delete origin row temp_del = 0 if len(delete_list) > 0: for delete_row in delete_list: # Report schedule print("Have alerady done: " + \ str((temp_del*100)//delete_num) + "%") # Delete one row wb_sheet.range('A'+str(delete_row-temp_del)).api.EntireRow.Delete() temp_del = temp_del + 1 wb.save()
上面這段代碼使用了一些小技巧,delete_list儲存的是原表格中,需要刪除的行號,在刪除過程中由于總行數也在跟著減少,所以需要把絕對行號轉成相對行號進行標記刪除,這個轉換就是temp_del變量的使用目的。
3.2. 插入行: sheet.api.Rows(row_number).Insert()
if key_word == sheet.range('A'+str(i_row+1)).value: # Insert new line sheet.api.Rows(i_row+2).Insert()
需要注意的是,這個VBA函數是向上插入空行,并且xlwings這個輪子只能在windows和macos的系統下使用,暫時不支持Linux。不過xlwings運行速度要遠超過openpyxl,而且還能直接調用VBA的函數,對于WPS和Excel都能兼容,綜合來看,還是選擇xlwings比較好一些。
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