Git遠程版本庫

Git遠程版本庫

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概述：

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Git 遠程版本庫

1.分布式版本控制系統

★基于的是網絡協議

• http，https，ssh，git
  

2.克隆操作

★git clone

★原始版本庫存儲在 refs/heads/

3.git 服務器

★協議

• 本地協議（local）、HTTP/HTTPS協議、SSH協議、Git協議

☉本地協議

URL:

• /path/to/repo.git

• file:///path/to/repo.git

☉Git協議：由git-daemon程序提供，監聽在tcp的9418端口；僅支持“讀”操作，無任何認證功能（支持開放式的開源項目）；

URL:

• git://host/path/to/repo.git

• git://host/~user/path/to/repo.git

☉SSH協議

URL:

• ssh://[USER@]host[:port]/path/to/repo.git

• ssh://[USER@]host[:port]/~USERNAME/path/to/repo.git

URL2:

• [USER@]hostpath/torepo.git

☉HTTP/HTTPS協議

• 1.6.5-：啞 http 協議

• 1.6.6+：智能 http 協議 （讀/寫/認證）

URL：

• http://host/path/to/repo.git

演示1：本地協議

[root@node1?~]#?git?clone?file:///root/taotao/?/root/huihui
Cloning?into?'/root/huihui'...
remote:?Enumerating?objects:?32,?done.
remote:?Counting?objects:?100%?(32/32),?done.
remote:?Compressing?objects:?100%?(23/23),?done.
remote:?Total?32?(delta?8),?reused?0?(delta?0)
Receiving?objects:?100%?(32/32),?done.
Resolving?deltas:?100%?(8/8),?done.
[root@node1?~]#?cd?/root/huihui/
[root@node1?huihui]#?ls
first.sh??INSTALL??my.txt??readmin??second.sh??subdir
[root@node1?huihui]#?cd?.git/
[root@node1?.git]#?ls
branches??config??description??HEAD??hooks??index??info??logs??objects??packed-refs??refs
[root@node1?.git]#?tree?refs/
refs/
├──?heads
│???└──?master??#實際上只clone的master分支
├──?remotes???#遠程跟蹤分支
│???└──?origin
│???????└──?HEAD?#指向master分支
└──?tags

4?directories,?2?files


[root@node1?~]#?tree?/root/taotao/.git/refs/
/root/taotao/.git/refs/
├──?heads
│???├──?dev
│???├──?fotfix
│???└──?master
└──?tags

2?directories,?3?files

引用遠程版本庫

1.分布式版本控制系統

★遠程版本庫

• 定義在配置文件中的一個實體；

• [remote "NAME"]

☉由兩部分組成：

• 第一部分：URL

• 第二部分：refspec,定義一個版本庫與其他版本庫的名稱空間的映射關系；

☉語法格式：

+source:destination(本地分支和映射的目標分支)

? ? ? ?refs/heads/NAME：本地分支

? ? ? ?refs/remotes/NAME：遠程跟蹤分支

eg:

? ? ?[remote "publish"]

? ? ?url=http://HOST/pub/repo_name.git

? ? ?push= +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

顯示樣子：

? ? ?remote.publish.url

? ? ?remote.publish.push

?★git remote? 命令可管理遠程倉庫

git協議演示：

1. 在node2服務器上安裝git服務器，并啟動服務

[root@node2~]#?yum?install?git-daemon

[root@node1?huihui]#?rpm?-ql?git-daemon
/usr/lib/systemd/system/git.socket????#為一個瞬時守護進程，可以直接啟動
/usr/lib/systemd/system/git@.service
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-daemon
/usr/share/doc/git-daemon-1.8.3.1
/usr/share/doc/git-daemon-1.8.3.1/git-credential-cache--daemon.html
/usr/share/doc/git-daemon-1.8.3.1/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
/usr/share/doc/git-daemon-1.8.3.1/git-daemon.html
/usr/share/doc/git-daemon-1.8.3.1/git-daemon.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/git-credential-cache--daemon.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/git-daemon.1.gz
/var/lib/git???#git倉庫的存放位置，相當于根目錄

[root@node2?~]#?cat?/usr/lib/systemd/system/git@.service
[Unit]
Description=Git?Repositories?Server?Daemon
Documentation=man:git-daemon(1)

[Service]
User=nobody?????????????????????????????????#?修改?--base-path?后的路徑可以改變git倉庫的根目錄
ExecStart=-/usr/libexec/git-core/git-daemon?--base-path=/var/lib/git?--export-all?--user-path=public_git?--syslog?--inetd?--verbose
StandardInput=socket

#啟動服務，并查看tcp的端口9418
[root@node2?~]#?systemctl?start?git.socket
[root@node2?~]#?ss?-tnl?|grep?9418
LISTEN?????0??????128?????????:::9418????????????????????:::*

2. 在nod2遠程服務器上的git根目錄下創建一個裸倉庫，無需工作目錄

[root@node2?~]#?cd?/var/lib/git/
[root@node2?git]#?git?init?--bare?myproject.git
初始化空的?Git?版本庫于?/var/lib/git/myproject.git/

[root@node2?git]#?ls?myproject.git/
branches??config??description??HEAD??hooks??info??objects??refs

3. 在node1節點克隆node2節點的遠程倉庫

[root@node1?~]#?git?clone?git://192.168.0.102/myproject.git
Cloning?into?'myproject'...
warning:?You?appear?to?have?cloned?an?empty?repository.

[root@node1?myproject]#?ls?-a
.??..??.git

[root@node1?myproject]#?git?config?-l
user.name=watao
user.email=wangzhangtao@pachiratech.com
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true
remote.origin.url=git://192.168.0.108/myproject.git
remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
branch.master.remote=origin
branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master

http協議演示：

1.安裝httpd,確保有alias,env和cgi模塊

[root@node2~]#?yum?install?httpd

#?確保有如下3個模塊
[root@node2?~]#?httpd?-M?|grep?-Ei?"\<(alias|cgi|env)"
?alias_module?(shared)
?env_module?(shared)
?cgi_module?(shared)

2.創建裸倉庫，并修改屬組和屬主為apache用戶

[root@node2?~]#?mkdir?/var/www/git
[root@node2?~]#?cd?/var/www/git/
[root@node2?git]#?ls
[root@node2?git]#?git?init?--bare?testproject.git
初始化空的?Git?版本庫于?/var/www/git/testproject.git/

[root@node2?git]#?chown?-R?apache.apache?/var/www/git/
[root@node2?git]#?ll?/var/www/git/
總用量?4
drwxr-xr-x?7?apache?apache?4096?11月??5?22:46?testproject.git

3.自定義虛擬主機

[root@node2?git]#?vim?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
注釋掉?DocumentRoot?"/var/www/html"

[root@node2?git]#?vim?/etc/httpd/conf.d/git.conf
?<VirtualHost?*:80>
?????????ServerName?git.taotao.com
?????????SetEnv?GIT_PROJECT_ROOT?/var/www/git??#指明git根目錄位置
?????????SetEnv?GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL?#基于http協議導出所有功能
?????????ScriptAlias?/git/?/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/??#定義別名的映射路徑
?????????<Directory?"/usr/libexec/git-core/">
?????????????????Options?ExecCGI?Indexes
?????????????????Require?all?granted
?????????</Directory>
?</VirtualHost>
?
[root@node2?git]#?httpd?-t
Syntax?OK

4.啟動httpd服務，并在node1節點克隆testproject.git倉庫

[root@node2?git]#?systemctl?start?httpd
[root@node2?git]#?ss?-tnl?|grep?80
LISTEN?????0??????128?????????:::80??????????????????????:::*?

remote?helper?是?git?執行?git?clone?http://..?所需要的一個模塊，而這個模塊坐落在?git-core?目錄里，并且這個模塊的文件名叫?git-remote-http
[root@node1]#?cd?/usr/local/git/bin
[root@node1?bin]#?ln?-s??/usr/libexec/git-core/git-remote-http?/usr/local/git/bin/git-remote-http
[root@node1?bin]#?ln?-s??/usr/libexec/git-core/git-remote-https?/usr/local/git/bin/git-remote-https
[root@node1?bin]#?ll
total?67600
-rwxr-xr-x?126?root?root?15006529?Jul??3?22:26?git
-rwxr-xr-x???2?root?root???162741?Jul??3?22:26?git-cvsserver
-rwxr-xr-x???1?root?root???351673?Jul??3?22:26?gitk
-rwxr-xr-x?126?root?root?15006529?Jul??3?22:26?git-receive-pack
lrwxrwxrwx???1?root?root???????37?Nov??5?23:29?git-remote-http?->?/usr/libexec/git-core/git-remote-http
lrwxrwxrwx???1?root?root???????38?Nov??5?23:29?git-remote-https?->?/usr/libexec/git-core/git-remote-https
-rwxr-xr-x???2?root?root??8672864?Jul??3?22:26?git-shell
-rwxr-xr-x?126?root?root?15006529?Jul??3?22:26?git-upload-archive
-rwxr-xr-x?126?root?root?15006529?Jul??3?22:26?git-upload-pack

[root@node1?~]#?git?clone?http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git
Cloning?into?'testproject'...
warning:?You?appear?to?have?cloned?an?empty?repository.


[root@node1?~]#?cd?testproject/
[root@node1?testproject]#?ls?-a
.??..??.git
[root@node1?testproject]#?tree?.git/
.git/
├──?branches
├──?config
├──?description
├──?HEAD
├──?hooks
│???├──?applypatch-msg.sample
│???├──?commit-msg.sample
│???├──?fsmonitor-watchman.sample
│???├──?post-update.sample
│???├──?pre-applypatch.sample
│???├──?pre-commit.sample
│???├──?prepare-commit-msg.sample
│???├──?pre-push.sample
│???├──?pre-rebase.sample
│???├──?pre-receive.sample
│???└──?update.sample
├──?info
│???└──?exclude
├──?objects
│???├──?info
│???└──?pack
└──?refs
????├──?heads
????└──?tags

9?directories,?15?files
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?config?-l
user.name=watao
user.email=wangzhangtao@pachiratech.com
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true
remote.origin.url=http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git
remote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
branch.master.remote=origin
branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master

5.創建文件并上傳遠程版本庫，發現沒有權限

[root@node1?testproject]#?echo?"New?Line"?>?README
[root@node1?testproject]#?cat?README
New?Line
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?add?README
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?status
On?branch?master

No?commits?yet

Changes?to?be?committed:
??(use?"git?rm?--cached?<file>..."?to?unstage)

	new?file:???README

[root@node1?testproject]#?git?commit?-m?"v0.1"
[master?(root-commit)?fb24458]?v0.1
?1?file?changed,?1?insertion(+)
?create?mode?100644?README
[root@node1?testproject]#?
[root@node1?testproject]#?
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?push?origin?master
fatal:?unable?to?access?'http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git/':?The?requested?URL?returned?error:?403??#沒有權限

6.要想能夠做到允許用戶上傳操作，需要配置認證訪問并開放訪問權限

#在node2節點開通http.receivepack
[root@node2?testproject.git]#?git?config?http.receivepack?true
[root@node2?testproject.git]#?git?config?-l
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=true
http.receivepack=true

#在node1節點再次上傳成功
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?push?origin?master
Enumerating?objects:?3,?done.
Counting?objects:?100%?(3/3),?done.
Writing?objects:?100%?(3/3),?216?bytes?|?72.00?KiB/s,?done.
Total?3?(delta?0),?reused?0?(delta?0)
To?http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git
?*?[new?branch]??????master?->?master

#在node2的遠程版本庫查看已經有提交對象
[root@node2?testproject.git]#?ls
branches??config??description??HEAD??hooks??info??objects??refs
[root@node2?testproject.git]#?cd?objects/
[root@node2?objects]#?ls
6b??dc??fb??info??pack
[root@node2?objects]#?tree
.
├──?6b
│???└──?f181e7944f75a6411a13d94762118dafbc2cff
├──?dc
│???└──?a7b9ab7d0a8f78dd357082f43ddd06c36533ee
├──?fb
│???└──?244584596a111b649cc0ee0e4e0a554be60c68
├──?info
└──?pack

7.開放用戶認證

[root@node2]#?cd?/etc/httpd/conf.d?
[root@node2?conf.d]#?cat?git.conf?
<VirtualHost?*:80>
????????ServerName?git.taotao.com
	SetEnv?GIT_PROJECT_ROOT?/var/www/git
	SetEnv?GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
	ScriptAlias?/git/?/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
	<Directory?"/usr/libexec/git-core/">
	????????Options?ExecCGI?Indexes
		Require?all?granted
	</Directory>
	<LocationMatch?"^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
	????????AuthType?Basic
		AuthName?"Private?Git?Repo"
		AuthUserFile?/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd
		Require?valid-user
????????</LocationMatch>
</VirtualHost>

[root@node2?conf.d]#?httpd?-t
Syntax?OK

[root@node2?~]#?systemctl?restart?httpd

#node1節點刪除原來的目錄，重新克隆
[root@node1?~]#?rm?-fr?testproject/
[root@node1?~]#?git?clone?http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git
Cloning?into?'testproject'...
remote:?Counting?objects:?3,?done.
remote:?Total?3?(delta?0),?reused?0?(delta?0)
Unpacking?objects:?100%?(3/3),?done.
[root@node1?~]#?
[root@node1?~]#?cd?testproject/
[root@node1?testproject]#?ls
README

#顯示本地分支
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?show-branch?
[master]?v0.1

#顯示遠程分支
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?show-branch?-r
!?[origin/HEAD]?v0.1
?!?[origin/master]?v0.1
--
++?[origin/HEAD]?v0.1

#?新添加一行
[root@node1?testproject]#?echo?"second?line"?>>?README?
[root@node1?testproject]#?cat?README
New?Line
second?line
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?add?README
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?commit?-m?"v0.2"
[master?a9bc92e]?v0.2
?1?file?changed,?1?insertion(+)

在遠程分支node2節點創建兩個用戶，并在node1本地上傳

[root@node2?~]#?htpasswd?-c?-m?/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd?tom
New?password:?
Re-type?new?password:?
Adding?password?for?user?tom
[root@node2?~]#?htpasswd?-m?/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd?jerry
New?password:?
Re-type?new?password:?
Adding?password?for?user?jerry

[root@node2?~]#?systemctl?reload?httpd

#node1節點上傳需要輸入密碼
[root@node1?testproject]#?git?push?origin?master
Enumerating?objects:?5,?done.
Counting?objects:?100%?(5/5),?done.
Writing?objects:?100%?(3/3),?254?bytes?|?42.00?KiB/s,?done.
Total?3?(delta?0),?reused?0?(delta?0)
Username?for?'http://192.168.0.108':?tom
Password?for?'http://tom@192.168.0.108':?
To?http://192.168.0.108/git/testproject.git
???fb24458..a9bc92e??master?->?master