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前言
nginx作為web服務器一個重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增額外的模塊,默認自帶proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以實現反向代理。
而在日常的web網站部署中,經常會用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一個配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass時,當在后面的url加上了/,相當于是絕對根路徑,則nginx不會把location中匹配的路徑部分代理走;如果沒有/,則會把匹配的路徑部分也給代理走(這樣配置可以參考這篇文章)。
下面舉個小實例說明下:
centos7系統庫中默認是沒有nginx的rpm包的,所以我們自己需要先更新下rpm依賴庫
1)使用yum安裝nginx需要包括Nginx的庫,安裝Nginx的庫
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
2)使用下面命令安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx
3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is page of test!!!!
4)啟動Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service
5)測試訪問(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23機器的外網ip)
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23 this is page of test!!!!
看看下面幾種情況:分別用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html進行訪問測試
為了方便測試,先在另一臺機器192.168.1.5上部署一個8090端口的nginx,配置如下:
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is 192.168.1.5 [root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試訪問(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外網ip):
[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090 this is 192.168.1.5
192.168.1.23作為nginx反向代理機器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一種情況:
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } }
這樣,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目錄不需要存在根目錄/var/www/html里面
注意,終端里如果訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不帶"/"),則會訪問失敗!因為proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ this is 192.168.1.5 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h2>301 Moved Permanently</h2></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center> </body> </html>
頁面訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy的時候,會自動加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的結果
2)第二種情況,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
那么訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都會失敗!
這樣配置后,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就會被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三種情況
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ 192.168.1.5 haha-index.html
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四種情況:相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
上面配置后,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就會被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html
注意,這種情況下,不能直接訪問http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默認的index.html文件也要跟上,否則訪問失敗!
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上面四種方式都是匹配的path路徑后面加"/",下面說下path路徑后面不帶"/"的情況:
1)第一種情況,proxy_pass后面url帶"/":
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
2)第二種情況,proxy_pass后面url不帶"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]#
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三種情況
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy會自動加上"/”(即變成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四種情況:相對于第三種配置的url不加"/"
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service
這樣配置的話,訪問http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三種結果一樣,同樣被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容了,希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對億速云的支持。
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