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這篇文章給大家介紹golang中Protobuf如何使用,內容非常詳細,感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒,希望對大家能有所幫助。
?? protobuf是一種高效的數據傳輸格式(Google's data interchange format),且與語言無關,protobuf和json是基于http服務中最常見的兩種數據格式。今天來學習基于golang的protobuf相關內容。
要想使用protobuf,需要4步:
下載安裝google protocol buffer 編譯器:https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.5.1
下載安裝golang protobuf plugin:https://github.com/golang/protobuf
使用go tools安裝:go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
按照protobuf 語法規則編寫.proto文件
將proto文件編譯成golang代碼模型
protoc -I=$SRC_DIR --go_out=$DST_DIR $SRC_DIR/addressbook.proto
-IPATH, --proto_path=PATH 指定import路徑
--go_out 指定生成go代碼路徑(同理--java_out是指定java生成路徑)
下面以一個實際例子來說明:
addressbook.proto
syntax = "proto3"; package test.protobuf.tutorial; message Person{ string name = 1;//姓名 int32 id = 2;//id編號 string email = 3;//郵箱 enum PhoneType { //枚舉類型(電話類型) MOBILE = 0; HOME = 1; WORK = 2; } message PhoneNumber{ string number = 1; PhoneType type = 2; } repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4; //repeated可理解為動態數組 } // Our address book file is just one of these. message AddressBook { repeated Person people = 1; }
編譯生成go文件。protoc會調用protoc-go-gen來生成go文件
.
├── addressbook.proto
└── src
└── addressbook.pb.go
protoc --go_out=./src addressbook.proto
addressbook.pb.go
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT. // source: addressbook.proto /* Package test_protobuf_tutorial is a generated protocol buffer package. It is generated from these files: addressbook.proto It has these top-level messages: Person AddressBook */ package test_protobuf_tutorial import proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" import fmt "fmt" import math "math" // Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used. var _ = proto.Marshal var _ = fmt.Errorf var _ = math.Inf // This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file // is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against. // A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the // proto package needs to be updated. const _ = proto.ProtoPackageIsVersion2 // please upgrade the proto package type Person_PhoneType int32 const ( Person_MOBILE Person_PhoneType = 0 Person_HOME Person_PhoneType = 1 Person_WORK Person_PhoneType = 2 ) var Person_PhoneType_name = map[int32]string{ 0: "MOBILE", 1: "HOME", 2: "WORK", } var Person_PhoneType_value = map[string]int32{ "MOBILE": 0, "HOME": 1, "WORK": 2, } func (x Person_PhoneType) String() string { return proto.EnumName(Person_PhoneType_name, int32(x)) } func (Person_PhoneType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0, 0} } type Person struct { Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name" json:"name,omitempty"` Id int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id" json:"id,omitempty"` Email string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=email" json:"email,omitempty"` Phones []*Person_PhoneNumber `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=phones" json:"phones,omitempty"` } func (m *Person) Reset() { *m = Person{} } func (m *Person) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) } func (*Person) ProtoMessage() {} func (*Person) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0} } func (m *Person) GetName() string { if m != nil { return m.Name } return "" } func (m *Person) GetId() int32 { if m != nil { return m.Id } return 0 } func (m *Person) GetEmail() string { if m != nil { return m.Email } return "" } func (m *Person) GetPhones() []*Person_PhoneNumber { if m != nil { return m.Phones } return nil } type Person_PhoneNumber struct { Number string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=number" json:"number,omitempty"` Type Person_PhoneType `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=type,enum=test.protobuf.tutorial.Person_PhoneType" json:"type,omitempty"` } func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) Reset() { *m = Person_PhoneNumber{} } func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) } func (*Person_PhoneNumber) ProtoMessage() {} func (*Person_PhoneNumber) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{0, 0} } func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) GetNumber() string { if m != nil { return m.Number } return "" } func (m *Person_PhoneNumber) GetType() Person_PhoneType { if m != nil { return m.Type } return Person_MOBILE } // Our address book file is just one of these. type AddressBook struct { People []*Person `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=people" json:"people,omitempty"` } func (m *AddressBook) Reset() { *m = AddressBook{} } func (m *AddressBook) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) } func (*AddressBook) ProtoMessage() {} func (*AddressBook) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) { return fileDescriptor0, []int{1} } func (m *AddressBook) GetPeople() []*Person { if m != nil { return m.People } return nil } func init() { proto.RegisterType((*Person)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.Person") proto.RegisterType((*Person_PhoneNumber)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.Person.PhoneNumber") proto.RegisterType((*AddressBook)(nil), "test.protobuf.tutorial.AddressBook") proto.RegisterEnum("test.protobuf.tutorial.Person_PhoneType", Person_PhoneType_name, Person_PhoneType_value) } func init() { proto.RegisterFile("addressbook.proto", fileDescriptor0) } var fileDescriptor0 = []byte{ // 265 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto 0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x8c, 0x90, 0xc1, 0x4b, 0xbc, 0x50, 0x10, 0xc7, 0x7f, 0xba, 0xee, 0xe3, 0xb7, 0x23, 0x2c, 0x36, 0xc4, 0x22, 0x1d, 0x42, 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ok,生成模型代碼后,我們就可以使用protobuf協議來對數據進行編解碼了
//將數據編碼成protobuf 二進制格式--Writing a Message func EncodeAddressBook (book *pb.AddressBook)(out []byte, err error) { // Write the new address book back to disk. out, err = proto.Marshal(book) if err != nil { log.Println("Failed to encode address book:", err) return nil,err } if err := ioutil.WriteFile("addressbook_proto.data", out, 0644); err != nil { log.Fatalln("Failed to write address book:", err) return nil,err } fmt.Println("[Debug]: ", out) return }
//將二進制數據解碼為golang 數據結構 --Reading a Message func DecodeAddressBook(in []byte) (book *pb.AddressBook, err error){ // Read the existing address book. book = &pb.AddressBook{} if err := proto.Unmarshal(in, book); err != nil { log.Println("Failed to parse address book:", err) return nil,err } return }
關于golang中Protobuf如何使用就分享到這里了,希望以上內容可以對大家有一定的幫助,可以學到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯,可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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