Socket庫在C++中的網絡事件循環

在C++中，使用Socket庫進行網絡編程時，通常需要一個事件循環來處理客戶端和服務器之間的通信

以下是一個簡單的基于Socket庫的事件循環示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vector>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>

class EventLoop {
public:
    EventLoop() : stop_(false) {
        worker_ = std::thread(&EventLoop::run, this);
    }

    ~EventLoop() {
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
            stop_ = true;
        }
        cond_.notify_one();
        if (worker_.joinable()) {
            worker_.join();
        }
    }

    void add_socket(int sockfd) {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
        sockets_.push_back(sockfd);
    }

    void remove_socket(int sockfd) {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
        sockets_.erase(std::remove(sockets_.begin(), sockets_.end(), sockfd), sockets_.end());
    }

    void run() {
        while (true) {
            std::vector<int> read_sockets;
            std::vector<int> write_sockets;

            {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
                cond_.wait(lock, [this] { return !sockets_.empty() || stop_; });

                for (int sockfd : sockets_) {
                    int events = 0;
                    if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &read_fds_)) {
                        events |= POLLIN;
                    }
                    if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &write_fds_)) {
                        events |= POLLOUT;
                    }
                    if (events) {
                        read_sockets.push_back(sockfd);
                    }
                }
            }

            for (int sockfd : read_sockets) {
                handle_read(sockfd);
            }

            for (int sockfd : write_sockets) {
                handle_write(sockfd);
            }
        }
    }

private:
    void handle_read(int sockfd) {
        char buffer[1024];
        ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0);
        if (n > 0) {
            buffer[n] = '\0';
            std::cout << "Received from " << sockfd << ": " << buffer << std::endl;
        } else if (n == 0) {
            remove_socket(sockfd);
            close(sockfd);
        } else {
            perror("recv");
            remove_socket(sockfd);
            close(sockfd);
        }
    }

    void handle_write(int sockfd) {
        const char* message = "Hello, World!";
        ssize_t n = send(sockfd, message, strlen(message), 0);
        if (n > 0) {
            remove_socket(sockfd);
            close(sockfd);
        } else {
            perror("send");
            remove_socket(sockfd);
            close(sockfd);
        }
    }

    std::thread worker_;
    std::vector<int> sockets_;
    std::mutex mutex_;
    std::condition_variable cond_;
    bool stop_;
    fd_set read_fds_;
    fd_set write_fds_;
};

int main() {
    EventLoop loop;

    int server_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (server_sock == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        return 1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in server_addr = {0};
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);

    if (bind(server_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        return 1;
    }

    if (listen(server_sock, 10) == -1) {
        perror("listen");
        return 1;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in client_addr = {0};
    socklen_t client_addr_size = sizeof(client_addr);

    int client_sock = accept(server_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_size);
    if (client_sock == -1) {
        perror("accept");
        return 1;
    }

    loop.add_socket(client_sock);

    loop.run();

    close(client_sock);
    close(server_sock);

    return 0;
}

這個示例中，我們創建了一個名為EventLoop的類，它使用一個線程來運行事件循環。事件循環使用select函數來監視多個套接字，當某個套接字準備好進行讀/寫操作時，相應的事件處理函數將被調用。在這個示例中，我們只處理了讀和寫事件，但在實際應用中，你可能需要處理更多類型的事件，例如連接建立、斷開連接等。