如何在Spring Boot項目中實現JWT認證

在Spring Boot項目中實現JWT認證有以下步驟：

1. 添加依賴：在pom.xml文件中添加spring-security-jwt依賴。

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 創建JWT工具類：創建一個JWT工具類，用于生成和解析JWT token。

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {

    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;

    @Value("${jwt.expiration}")
    private Long expiration;

    public String generateToken(String username) {
        Date now = new Date();
        Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expiration);

        return Jwts.builder()
                .setSubject(username)
                .setIssuedAt(now)
                .setExpiration(expiryDate)
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret)
                .compact();
    }

    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(secret)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        return claims.getSubject();
    }

    public boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {
        String tokenUsername = getUsernameFromToken(token);
        return tokenUsername.equals(username);
    }
}

3. 創建JWT認證過濾器：創建一個JWT認證過濾器，用于在每次請求時驗證JWT token。

import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil) {
        this.jwtTokenUtil = jwtTokenUtil;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String token = getJwtFromRequest(request);

        if (token != null && jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(token)) {
            String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);
            Authentication authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null, Collections.emptyList());
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    private String getJwtFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String bearerToken = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            return bearerToken.substring(7);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

4. 配置Spring Security：在Spring Security配置類中配置JWT認證過濾器。

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    public SecurityConfig(JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil) {
        this.jwtTokenUtil = jwtTokenUtil;
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/login").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated();

        http.addFilterBefore(new JwtAuthenticationFilter(jwtTokenUtil), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
}

5. 創建登錄接口：創建一個登錄接口，用于生成JWT token。

@RestController
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestBody AuthRequest authRequest) {
        String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(authRequest.getUsername());
        return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthResponse(token));
    }
}

這樣就可以在Spring Boot項目中實現JWT認證了。在每次請求時，客戶端需要在Authorization頭部中添加Bearer <token>來進行認證。