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參考：劉天斯《Python自動化運維技術與最佳實踐》
grains是Saltstack最重要的組件之一，grains的作用是收集被控主機的基本信息，這些信息通常都是一些靜態類的數據，包括CPU、內核、操作系統、虛擬化等，在服務器端可以根據這些信息進行靈活定制，管理員可以利用這些信息對不同業務進行個性化定制。
獲取所有主機的grains項信息，發現沒有max_openfile,等會我們手動編寫一個。
[root@salt-master base]# salt '*' grains.ls salt-master: - SSDs - biosreleasedate - biosversion - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - machine_id - manufacturer - master - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - productname - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - serialnumber - server_id - shell - systemd - uid - username - uuid - virtual - zmqversion salt-minion01: - SSDs - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - lsb_distrib_release - master - max_open_file - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - server_id - shell - uid - username - virtual - zmqversion hddcluster2: - SSDs - biosreleasedate - biosversion - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - lsb_distrib_release - machine_id - manufacturer - master - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - productname - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - serialnumber - server_id - shell - systemd - uid - username - uuid - virtual - zmqversion hddcluster4: - SSDs - biosreleasedate - biosversion - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - lsb_distrib_release - machine_id - manufacturer - master - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - productname - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - serialnumber - server_id - shell - systemd - uid - username - uuid - virtual - zmqversion hddcluster3: - SSDs - biosreleasedate - biosversion - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - lsb_distrib_release - machine_id - manufacturer - master - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - productname - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - serialnumber - server_id - shell - systemd - uid - username - uuid - virtual - zmqversion hddcluster1: - SSDs - biosreleasedate - biosversion - cpu_flags - cpu_model - cpuarch - disks - dns - domain - fqdn - fqdn_ip4 - fqdn_ip6 - gid - gpus - groupname - host - hwaddr_interfaces - id - init - ip4_interfaces - ip6_interfaces - ip_interfaces - ipv4 - ipv6 - kernel - kernelrelease - locale_info - localhost - lsb_distrib_codename - lsb_distrib_id - lsb_distrib_release - machine_id - manufacturer - master - mdadm - mem_total - nodename - num_cpus - num_gpus - os - os_family - osarch - oscodename - osfinger - osfullname - osmajorrelease - osrelease - osrelease_info - path - pid - productname - ps - pythonexecutable - pythonpath - pythonversion - saltpath - saltversion - saltversioninfo - selinux - serialnumber - server_id - shell - systemd - uid - username - uuid - virtual - zmqversio
定義grains數據的方法有兩種，一種為在被控主機定制配置文件：另一種是通過主控端擴展模塊API實現。
我這這里直說主控端，畢竟我們要搞自動化運維，需要批量操作。
主控端擴展模塊定制grains數據 vim /etc/salt/master file_roots: base: //基礎平臺 - /srv/salt/base prod: //生產平臺 - /srv/salt/prod install -d /srv/salt/base/_grains
vim /srv/salt/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py //編寫一個python腳本獲取max_openfile的值
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import os,sys,commands
#定義一個獲取最大打開文件數的函數，函數名稱沒有要求，符合python函數命名規則即可
def Grains_openfile():
'''
return os max open file of grains value
'''
grains = {} #初始化一個字典，變量名一定要用grains,以便Saltstack識別
_open_file=65535 #初始化一個默認值
try:
getulimit = commands.getstatusoutput('source /etc/profile;ulimit -n')
except Exception,e:
pass
if getulimit[0]==0:
_open_file=int(getulimit[1])
grains['max_open_file'] = _open_file #將獲取的ulimit -n的結果進行賦值，其中'max_open_file'就是grains項，——open_file就是grains的值
return grains 最后同步模塊到指定被控主機并刷新生效，因為grains比較適合采集靜態類的數據，比如硬件、內核信息等，當有動態類的功能需求時，需要進行刷新。
同步操作：
服務端master [root@salt-master base]# salt 'salt-minion01' saltutil.sync_all salt-minion01: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils:
客戶端minion 結果：文件同步到被控端的cache目錄中 [root@salt-minion01 ~]# find / -type f -name grains_openfile.py /var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py /var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.py #注：/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/為擴展模塊文件最終存放位置，刷新模塊后將在同路徑下生產字節碼pyc；/var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/為臨時存放位置。
刷新操作: [root@salt-master base]# salt 'salt-minion01' sys.reload_modules salt-minion01: True [root@salt-minion01 ~]# find / -type f -name grains_openfile.py* /var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py /var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.pyc //多了一個pyc /var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.py
查看同步后是否能正常獲取數據 [root@salt-master base]# salt 'salt-minion01' grains.item max_open_file salt-minion01: ---------- max_open_file: 1024 其他未同步的，并不會有max_open_file數據 [root@salt-master base]# salt '*' grains.item max_open_file salt-master: ---------- max_open_file: salt-minion01: ---------- max_open_file: 1024 hddcluster2: ---------- max_open_file: hddcluster4: ---------- max_open_file: hddcluster3: ---------- max_open_file: hddcluster1: ---------- max_open_file: [root@salt-master base]# 其他未同步的，并不會有max數據，也沒有這個模塊 [root@salt-master base]# salt '*' grains.item max salt-master: ---------- max: hddcluster2: ---------- max: salt-minion01: ---------- max: hddcluster3: ---------- max: hddcluster4: ---------- max: hddcluster1: ---------- max:
最后再試一下吧，同步所有機器，再刷新所有機器
[root@salt-master base]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_all salt-master: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils: salt-minion01: //這個同步過了，沒有更新 ---------- beacons: engines: grains: log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils: hddcluster2: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils: hddcluster3: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils: hddcluster4: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils: hddcluster1: ---------- beacons: engines: grains: - grains.grains_openfile log_handlers: modules: output: proxymodules: renderers: returners: sdb: states: utils:
[root@salt-master base]# salt '*' sys.reload_modules salt-master: True salt-minion01: True hddcluster2: True hddcluster4: True hddcluster3: True hddcluster1: True
[root@salt-master base]# salt '*' grains.item max_open_file salt-master: ---------- max_open_file: 8192 hddcluster2: ---------- max_open_file: salt-minion01: ---------- max_open_file: 1024 hddcluster3: ---------- max_open_file: 8192 hddcluster4: ---------- max_open_file: 8192 hddcluster1: ---------- max_open_file: 8192
至此，已經測試完畢，需要寫其他模塊，可以在_grains目錄下繼續添加。
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