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這篇文章主要介紹了SpringBoot+Elasticsearch如何實現數據搜索的相關知識,內容詳細易懂,操作簡單快捷,具有一定借鑒價值,相信大家閱讀完這篇SpringBoot+Elasticsearch如何實現數據搜索文章都會有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看吧。
SpringBoot 連接 ElasticSearch,主流的方式有以下四種方式
方式一:通過Elastic Transport Client客戶端連接 es 服務器,底層基于 TCP 協議通過 transport 模塊和遠程 ES 服務端通信,不過,從 V7.0 開始官方不建議使用,V8.0開始正式移除。
方式二:通過Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器,底層基于 HTTP 協議通過 restful API 來和遠程 ES 服務端通信,只提供了最簡單最基本的 API,類似于上篇文章中給大家介紹的 API 操作邏輯。
方式三:通過Elastic Java High Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器,底層基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端做了一層封裝,提供了更高級得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及參數保持一致,官方推薦的 es 客戶端。
方式四:通過JestClient客戶端連接 es 服務器,這是開源社區基于 HTTP 協議開發的一款 es 客戶端,官方宣稱接口及代碼設計比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客戶端更簡潔、更合理,更好用,具有一定的 ES 服務端版本兼容性,但是更新速度不是很快,目前 ES 版本已經出到 V7.9,但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版 本的 ES。
還有一個需要大家注意的地方,那就是版本號的兼容!
在開發過程中,大家尤其需要關注一下客戶端和服務端的版本號,要盡可能保持一致,比如服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2,那么連接 es 的客戶端版本號,最好也是6.8.2,即使因項目的原因不能保持一致,客戶端的版本號必須在6.0.0 ~6.8.2,不要超過服務器的版本號,這樣客戶端才能保持正常工作,否則會出現很多意想不到的問題,假如客戶端是7.0.4的版本號,此時的程序會各種報錯,甚至沒辦法用!
為什么要這樣做呢?主要原因就是 es 的服務端,高版本不兼容低版本;es6 和 es7 的某些 API 請求參數結構有著很大的區別,所以客戶端和服務端版本號盡量保持一致。
廢話也不多說了,直接上代碼!
本文采用的SpringBoot版本號是2.1.0.RELEASE,服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2,客戶端采用的是官方推薦的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本號是6.4.2,方便與SpringBoot的版本兼容。
<!--elasticsearch--> <dependency> <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId> <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId> <version>6.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId> <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId> <version>6.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId> <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId> <version>6.4.2</version> </dependency>
在application.properties全局配置文件中,配置elasticsearch自定義環境變量。
elasticsearch.scheme=http elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200 elasticsearch.userName= elasticsearch.userPwd= elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000
@Configuration public class ElasticsearchConfiguration { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class); private static final int ADDRESS_LENGTH = 2; @Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}") private String scheme; @Value("${elasticsearch.address}") private String address; @Value("${elasticsearch.userName}") private String userName; @Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}") private String userPwd; @Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}") private Integer socketTimeout; @Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}") private Integer connectTimeout; @Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}") private Integer connectionRequestTimeout; /** * 初始化客戶端 * @return */ @Bean(name = "restHighLevelClient") public RestHighLevelClient restClientBuilder() { HttpHost[] hosts = Arrays.stream(address.split(",")) .map(this::buildHttpHost) .filter(Objects::nonNull) .toArray(HttpHost[]::new); RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(hosts); // 異步參數配置 restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> { httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider()); return httpClientBuilder; }); // 異步連接延時配置 restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder -> { requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout); requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout); requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout); return requestConfigBuilder; }); return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder); } /** * 根據配置創建HttpHost * @param s * @return */ private HttpHost buildHttpHost(String s) { String[] address = s.split(":"); if (address.length == ADDRESS_LENGTH) { String ip = address[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(address[1]); return new HttpHost(ip, port, scheme); } else { return null; } } /** * 構建認證服務 * @return */ private CredentialsProvider buildCredentialsProvider(){ final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider(); credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName, userPwd)); return credentialsProvider; } }
至此,客戶端配置完畢,項目啟動的時候,會自動注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。
es 中最重要的就是索引庫,客戶端如何創建呢?請看下文!
創建索引
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 創建索引(簡單模式) * @throws IOException */ @Test public void createIndex() throws IOException { CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("cs_index"); CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged()); } /** * 創建索引(復雜模式) * 可以直接把對應的文檔結構也一并初始化 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void createIndexComplete() throws IOException { CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest(); //索引名稱 request.index("cs_index"); //索引配置 Settings settings = Settings.builder() .put("index.number_of_shards", 3) .put("index.number_of_replicas", 1) .build(); request.settings(settings); //映射結構字段 Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap(); properties.put("id", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text")); properties.put("name", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text")); properties.put("sex", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text")); properties.put("age", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long")); properties.put("city", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text")); properties.put("createTime", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "long")); Map<String, Object> mapping = new HashMap<>(); mapping.put("properties", properties); //添加一個默認類型 System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(request)); request.mapping("_doc",mapping); CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged()); } }
刪除索引
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 刪除索引 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void deleteIndex() throws IOException { DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1"); AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged()); } }
查詢索引
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 查詢索引 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void getIndex() throws IOException { // 創建請求 GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest(); request.indices("cs_index"); // 執行請求,獲取響應 GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
查詢索引是否存在
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 檢查索引是否存在 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void exists() throws IOException { // 創建請求 GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest(); request.indices("cs_index"); // 執行請求,獲取響應 boolean response = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response); } }
查詢所有的索引名稱
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 查詢所有的索引名稱 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void getAllIndices() throws IOException { GetAliasesRequest request = new GetAliasesRequest(); GetAliasesResponse response = client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT); Map<String, Set<AliasMetaData>> map = response.getAliases(); Set<String> indices = map.keySet(); for (String key : indices) { System.out.println(key); } } }
查詢索引映射字段
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 查詢索引映射字段 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void getMapping() throws IOException { GetMappingsRequest request = new GetMappingsRequest(); request.indices("cs_index"); request.types("_doc"); GetMappingsResponse response = client.indices().getMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
添加索引映射字段
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class IndexJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 添加索引映射字段 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void addMapping() throws IOException { PutMappingRequest request = new PutMappingRequest(); request.indices("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); //添加字段 Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap(); properties.put("accountName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword")); Map<String, Object> mapping = new HashMap<>(); mapping.put("properties", properties); request.source(mapping); PutMappingResponse response = client.indices().putMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged()); } }
所謂文檔,就是向索引里面添加數據,方便進行數據查詢,詳細操作內容,請看下文!
添加文檔
ublic class UserDocument { private String id; private String name; private String sex; private Integer age; private String city; private Date createTime; //省略get、set... }
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 添加文檔 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void addDocument() throws IOException { // 創建對象 UserDocument user = new UserDocument(); user.setId("1"); user.setName("里斯"); user.setCity("武漢"); user.setSex("男"); user.setAge(20); user.setCreateTime(new Date()); // 創建索引,即獲取索引 IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(); // 外層參數 request.id("1"); request.index("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1)); // 存入對象 request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON); // 發送請求 System.out.println(request.toString()); IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
更新文檔
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 更新文檔(按需修改) * @throws IOException */ @Test public void updateDocument() throws IOException { // 創建對象 UserDocument user = new UserDocument(); user.setId("2"); user.setName("程咬金"); user.setCreateTime(new Date()); // 創建索引,即獲取索引 UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest(); // 外層參數 request.id("2"); request.index("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1)); // 存入對象 request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user), XContentType.JSON); // 發送請求 System.out.println(request.toString()); UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
刪除文檔
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 刪除文檔 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void deleteDocument() throws IOException { // 創建索引,即獲取索引 DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest(); // 外層參數 request.id("1"); request.index("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1)); // 發送請求 System.out.println(request.toString()); DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
查詢文檔是不是存在
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 查詢文檔是不是存在 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void exists() throws IOException { // 創建索引,即獲取索引 GetRequest request = new GetRequest(); // 外層參數 request.id("3"); request.index("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); // 發送請求 System.out.println(request.toString()); boolean response = client.exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response); } }
通過 ID 查詢指定文檔
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 通過ID,查詢指定文檔 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void getById() throws IOException { // 創建索引,即獲取索引 GetRequest request = new GetRequest(); // 外層參數 request.id("1"); request.index("cs_index"); request.type("_doc"); // 發送請求 System.out.println(request.toString()); GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
批量添加文檔
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class) public class DocJunit { @Autowired private RestHighLevelClient client; /** * 批量添加文檔 * @throws IOException */ @Test public void batchAddDocument() throws IOException { // 批量請求 BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest(); bulkRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10)); // 創建對象 List<UserDocument> userArrayList = new ArrayList<>(); userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("張三", "男", 30, "武漢")); userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("里斯", "女", 31, "北京")); userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("王五", "男", 32, "武漢")); userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("趙六", "女", 33, "長沙")); userArrayList.add(new UserDocument("七七", "男", 34, "武漢")); // 添加請求 for (int i = 0; i < userArrayList.size(); i++) { userArrayList.get(i).setId(String.valueOf(i)); IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest(); // 外層參數 indexRequest.id(String.valueOf(i)); indexRequest.index("cs_index"); indexRequest.type("_doc"); indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1)); indexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(userArrayList.get(i)), XContentType.JSON); bulkRequest.add(indexRequest); } // 執行請求 BulkResponse response = client.bulk(bulkRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); System.out.println(response.status()); } }
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