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這篇文章主要講解了“怎么用Web Scraping爬取HTML網頁”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“怎么用Web Scraping爬取HTML網頁”吧!
-爬取HTML網頁
-直接下載數據文件,例如csv,txt,pdf文件
-通過應用程序編程接口(API)訪問數據,例如 電影數據庫,Twitter
選擇網頁爬取,當然了解HTML網頁的基本結構,可以參考這個網頁:
HTML的基本結構
HTML標記:head,body,p,a,form,table等等
標簽會具有屬性。例如,標記a具有屬性(或屬性)href的鏈接的目標。
class和id是html用來通過級聯樣式表(CSS)控制每個元素的樣式的特殊屬性。 id是元素的唯一標識符,而class用于將元素分組以進行樣式設置。
一個元素可以與多個類相關聯。 這些類別之間用空格隔開,例如 <h3 class=“ city main”>倫敦</ h3>
下圖是來自W3SCHOOL的例子,city的包括三個屬性,main包括一個屬性,London運用了兩個city和main,這兩個類,呈現出來的是下圖的樣子。
可以通過標簽相對于彼此的位置來引用標簽
child-child是另一個標簽內的標簽,例如 這兩個p標簽是div標簽的子標簽。
parent-parent是一個標簽,另一個標簽在其中,例如 html標簽是body標簽的parent標簽。
siblings-siblings是與另一個標簽具有相同parent標簽的標簽,例如 在html示例中,head和body標簽是同級標簽,因為它們都在html內。 兩個p標簽都是sibling,因為它們都在body里面。
四步爬取網頁:
第一步:安裝模塊
安裝requests,beautifulsoup4,用來爬取網頁信息
Install modules requests, BeautifulSoup4/scrapy/selenium/....requests: allow you to send HTTP/1.1 requests using Python. To install:Open terminal (Mac) or Anaconda Command Prompt (Windows)code: BeautifulSoup: web page parsing library, to install, use:
第二步 :利用安裝包來讀取網頁源碼
第三步:瀏覽網頁源碼找到需要讀取信息的位置
這里不同的瀏覽器讀取源碼有差異,下面介紹幾個,有相關網頁查詢詳細信息。
Firefox: right click on the web page and select "view page source"Safari: please instruction here to see page source ()Ineternet Explorer: see instruction at
第四步:開始讀取
Beautifulsoup: 簡單那,支持CSS Selector, 但不支持 XPathscrapy (): 支持 CSS Selector 和XPathSelenium: 可以爬取動態網頁 (例如下拉不斷更新的)lxml等BeautifulSoup里Tag: an xml or HTML tag 標簽Name: every tag has a name 每個標簽的名字Attributes: a tag may have any number of attributes. 每個標簽有一個到多個屬性 A tag is shown as a dictionary in the form of {attribute1_name:attribute1_value, attribute2_name:attribute2_value, ...}. If an attribute has multiple values, the value is stored as a listNavigableString: the text within a tag
上代碼:
#Import requests and beautifulsoup packages
from IPython.core.interactiveshell import InteractiveShell
InteractiveShell.ast_node_interactivity="all"
# import requests package
import requests
# import BeautifulSoup from package bs4 (i.e. beautifulsoup4)
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
Get web page content
# send a get request to the web page
page=requests.get("A simple example page")
# status_code 200 indicates success.
# a status code >200 indicates a failure
if page.status_code==200:
# content property gives the content returned in bytes
print(page.content) # text in bytes
print(page.text) # text in unicode
#Parse web page content
# Process the returned content using beautifulsoup module
# initiate a beautifulsoup object using the html source and Python’s html.parser
soup=BeautifulSoup(page.content, 'html.parser')
# soup object stands for the **root**
# node of the html document tree
print("Soup object:")
# print soup object nicely
print(soup.prettify())
# soup.children returns an iterator of all children nodes
print("\soup children nodes:")
soup_children=soup.children
print(soup_children)
# convert to list
soup_children=list(soup.children)
print("\nlist of children of root:")
print(len(soup_children))
# html is the only child of the root node
html=soup_children[0]
html
# Get head and body tag
html_children=list(html.children)
print("how many children under html? ", len(html_children))
for idx, child in enumerate(html_children):
print("Child {} is: {}\n".format(idx, child))
# head is the second child of html
head=html_children[1]
# extract all text inside head
print("\nhead text:")
print(head.get_text())
# body is the fourth child of html
body=html_children[3]
# Get details of a tag
# get the first p tag in the div of body
div=list(body.children)[1]
p=list(div.children)[1]
p
# get the details of p tag
# first, get the data type of p
print("\ndata type:")
print(type(p))
# get tag name (property of p object)
print ("\ntag name: ")
print(p.name)
# a tag object with attributes has a dictionary
# use <tag>.attrs to get the dictionary
# each attribute name of the tag is a key
# get all attributes
p.attrs
# get "class" attribute
print ("\ntag class: ")
print(p["class"])
# how to determine if 'id' is an attribute of p?
# get text of p tag
p.get_text()
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“怎么用Web Scraping爬取HTML網頁”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對怎么用Web Scraping爬取HTML網頁這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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