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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關Java Runtime的使用方法是什么,文章內容質量較高,因此小編分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對相關知識有一定的了解。
最近做項目框架,需要在框架結束的時候,關閉服務器連接,清除部分框架運行lock文件,這里就想到了shutdownhook,順便學了學Runtime的使用
demo示例,證明在程序正常結束的時候會調用,如果kill -9 那肯定就不會調用了
public class ShutdownHookTest { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("==============application start================"); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{ System.out.println("--------------hook 1----------------"); })); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(()->{ System.out.println("--------------hook 2----------------"); })); System.out.println("==============application end================"); } }
正常運行結束,結果如下
==============application start================
==============application end================
--------------hook 1----------------
--------------hook 2----------------
Process finished with exit code 0
如果暫停,點擊下圖左下角的正方形紅圖標,停止正在運行的應用
結果如下,shutdownhook已執行。
shutdownhook可以處理程序正常結束的時候,刪除文件,關閉連接等
demo示例如下,比如ls
public class ShutdownHookTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException { Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ls"); try (InputStream fis = process.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)) { String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } } } }
結果如下
而正常執行結果
但是這個方法有遠程執行風險,即在瀏覽器端通過這個方法執行特定指令,比如執行rm -rf *,結果就很……
但是遇見管道符之后就會失效,什么辦法解決,sh -c,但是不能直接用,否則獲取到的是TTY窗口信息
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sh -c ps aux|grep java"); try (InputStream fis = process.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)) { String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } } }
結果????
sh -c的參數要分離,不然runtime會認為是一個參數
跟蹤代碼,使用ProcessImpl來執行指令
public Process exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp, File dir) throws IOException { return new ProcessBuilder(cmdarray) .environment(envp) .directory(dir) .start(); }
ProcessBuilder
// Only for use by ProcessBuilder.start() static Process start(String[] cmdarray, java.util.Map<String,String> environment, String dir, ProcessBuilder.Redirect[] redirects, boolean redirectErrorStream) throws IOException { assert cmdarray != null && cmdarray.length > 0; // Convert arguments to a contiguous block; it's easier to do // memory management in Java than in C. byte[][] args = new byte[cmdarray.length-1][]; int size = args.length; // For added NUL bytes for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { args[i] = cmdarray[i+1].getBytes(); size += args[i].length; } byte[] argBlock = new byte[size]; int i = 0; for (byte[] arg : args) { System.arraycopy(arg, 0, argBlock, i, arg.length); i += arg.length + 1; // No need to write NUL bytes explicitly } int[] envc = new int[1]; byte[] envBlock = ProcessEnvironment.toEnvironmentBlock(environment, envc); int[] std_fds; FileInputStream f0 = null; FileOutputStream f1 = null; FileOutputStream f2 = null; try { if (redirects == null) { std_fds = new int[] { -1, -1, -1 }; } else { std_fds = new int[3]; if (redirects[0] == Redirect.PIPE) std_fds[0] = -1; else if (redirects[0] == Redirect.INHERIT) std_fds[0] = 0; else { f0 = new FileInputStream(redirects[0].file()); std_fds[0] = fdAccess.get(f0.getFD()); } if (redirects[1] == Redirect.PIPE) std_fds[1] = -1; else if (redirects[1] == Redirect.INHERIT) std_fds[1] = 1; else { f1 = new FileOutputStream(redirects[1].file(), redirects[1].append()); std_fds[1] = fdAccess.get(f1.getFD()); } if (redirects[2] == Redirect.PIPE) std_fds[2] = -1; else if (redirects[2] == Redirect.INHERIT) std_fds[2] = 2; else { f2 = new FileOutputStream(redirects[2].file(), redirects[2].append()); std_fds[2] = fdAccess.get(f2.getFD()); } } return new UNIXProcess (toCString(cmdarray[0]), argBlock, args.length, envBlock, envc[0], toCString(dir), std_fds, redirectErrorStream); } finally { // In theory, close() can throw IOException // (although it is rather unlikely to happen here) try { if (f0 != null) f0.close(); } finally { try { if (f1 != null) f1.close(); } finally { if (f2 != null) f2.close(); } } } }
new UNIXProcess 環境
/** * java.lang.Process subclass in the UNIX environment. * * @author Mario Wolczko and Ross Knippel. * @author Konstantin Kladko (ported to Linux and Bsd) * @author Martin Buchholz * @author Volker Simonis (ported to AIX) */ final class UNIXProcess extends Process {
Runtime用處非常多,偏底層
比如gc調用
加載jar文件
Runtime功能強大,但需要合理利用,很多攻擊是通過Runtime執行的漏洞
但是使用shutdownhook還是很方便的,用來做停止任務的后續處理。
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