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小編給大家分享一下Nacos+Spring Cloud Gateway動態路由如何配置實現，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲，下面讓我們一起去探討吧！
Nacos最近項目一直在使用，其簡單靈活，支持更細粒度的命令空間，分組等為麻煩復雜的環境切換提供了方便；同時也很好支持動態路由的配置，只需要簡單的幾步即可。在國產的注冊中心、配置中心中比較突出，容易上手，本文通過gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三個簡單模塊來展示：Nacos下動態路由配置。
博文中源碼已上傳至github(https://github.com/Jian0110/learning-cloudalibaba)，歡迎小伙伴們star
具體的Nacos怎么配置就不介紹了，可以參考阿里巴巴的官方介紹，這里通過windows直接本地啟動開啟單機模式，登錄Nacos Console，創建dev的namespace，在dev下的默認分組下創建gateway-router的dataId
gateway-router的主要初始化配置如下：關于gateway的組成（id，order、predicates斷言，uri）這里就不詳細說明的了，可以自行百度下
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
}]通常在項目中配置“配置中心”往往都是在bootstrap.propertis(yaml)中配置，這樣才能保證項目中路由配置從Nacos Config中讀取。
# nacos配置中心配置建議在bootstrap.properties中配置 spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848 #spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension=properties # 配置中心的命名空間：dev 的命名空間（環境） spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
Application啟動類中增加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient，才能保證連接到Nacos Config
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayApplication
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}創建簡單的springboot多模塊結構，推薦使用idea創建
1）Nacos父模塊：
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>nacos</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>nacos</name> <description>Nacos Demo</description>
首先pom文件引入Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos組件：注冊中心nacos-discovery與配置中心nacos-config
<!--nacos 客戶端 注冊中心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
<version>${alibaba-nacos.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--nacos 客戶端 配置中心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
<version>${alibaba-nacos.version}</version>
</dependency>其次再引入Spring Cloud相關組件依賴
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>其它組件依賴引入（修正：如果引入了nacos-api相關的JSON依賴，那么fastjson就不需要再引入了，否則可能沖突）：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>${fastjson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>注意，這里有個坑，spring cloud gateway使用的web框架為webflux，和springMVC不兼容。所以不要引入（修正：只有gateway服務不用引入springMVC，其他需要引入）
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
2）三個子模塊：gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider
<modules> <module>nacos-provider</module> <module>nacos-consumer</module> <module>gateway</module> </modules>
結構截圖如下所示：
3）三個服務的端口分別為：
nacos-consume:6001
nacos-provider:6002
gateway：6003
4）服務架構如下：
（1）在gateway模塊中主要實現以下功能：
第一，從Nacos配置中心中加載動態路由的相關配置，就需要讀取Nacos的命名空間namespace，通過dataId獲取配置
/**
* 路由類配置
*/
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
public static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30000;
public static String NACOS_SERVER_ADDR;
public static String NACOS_NAMESPACE;
public static String NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID;
public static String NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP;
@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr}")
public void setNacosServerAddr(String nacosServerAddr){
NACOS_SERVER_ADDR = nacosServerAddr;
}
@Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace}")
public void setNacosNamespace(String nacosNamespace){
NACOS_NAMESPACE = nacosNamespace;
}
@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id}")
public void setNacosRouteDataId(String nacosRouteDataId){
NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID = nacosRouteDataId;
}
@Value("${nacos.gateway.route.config.group}")
public void setNacosRouteGroup(String nacosRouteGroup){
NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP = nacosRouteGroup;
}
}properties配置關于Nacos下讀取gateway-router的配置：
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848 spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea nacos.gateway.route.config.data-id=gateway-router nacos.gateway.route.config.group=DEFAULT_GROUP
第二，初始化路由，監聽動態路由配置的數據源變化(2020.12.28解決刪除路由不生效問題)；
/**
*
* 通過nacos下發動態路由配置,監聽Nacos中gateway-route配置
*
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
@DependsOn({"gatewayConfig"}) // 依賴于gatewayConfig bean
public class DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos {
@Autowired
private DynamicRouteServiceImpl dynamicRouteService;
private ConfigService configService;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
log.info("gateway route init...");
try{
configService = initConfigService();
if(configService == null){
log.warn("initConfigService fail");
return;
}
String configInfo = configService.getConfig(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID, GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP, GatewayConfig.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
log.info("獲取網關當前配置:\r\n{}",configInfo);
List<RouteDefinition> definitionList = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);
for(RouteDefinition definition : definitionList){
log.info("update route : {}",definition.toString());
dynamicRouteService.add(definition);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("初始化網關路由時發生錯誤",e);
}
dynamicRouteByNacosListener(GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_DATA_ID,GatewayConfig.NACOS_ROUTE_GROUP);
}
/**
* 監聽Nacos下發的動態路由配置
* @param dataId
* @param group
*/
public void dynamicRouteByNacosListener (String dataId, String group){
try {
configService.addListener(dataId, group, new Listener() {
@Override
public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {
log.info("進行網關更新:\n\r{}",configInfo);
List<RouteDefinition> definitionList = JSON.parseArray(configInfo, RouteDefinition.class);
log.info("update route : {}",definitionList.toString());
dynamicRouteService.updateList(definitionList);
}
@Override
public Executor getExecutor() {
log.info("getExecutor\n\r");
return null;
}
});
} catch (NacosException e) {
log.error("從nacos接收動態路由配置出錯!!!",e);
}
}
/**
* 初始化網關路由 nacos config
* @return
*/
private ConfigService initConfigService(){
try{
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("serverAddr",GatewayConfig.NACOS_SERVER_ADDR);
properties.setProperty("namespace",GatewayConfig.NACOS_NAMESPACE);
return configService= NacosFactory.createConfigService(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("初始化網關路由時發生錯誤",e);
return null;
}
}
}第三，刷新最新的動態路由變化，實現動態增刪改路由（2020.12.28解決刪除路由不生效問題）
/**
* 動態更新路由網關service
* 1）實現一個Spring提供的事件推送接口ApplicationEventPublisherAware
* 2）提供動態路由的基礎方法，可通過獲取bean操作該類的方法。該類提供新增路由、更新路由、刪除路由，然后實現發布的功能。
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DynamicRouteServiceImpl implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {
@Autowired
private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
@Autowired
private RouteDefinitionLocator routeDefinitionLocator;
/**
* 發布事件
*/
@Autowired
private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;
@Override
public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
this.publisher = applicationEventPublisher;
}
/**
* 刪除路由
* @param id
* @return
*/
public String delete(String id) {
try {
log.info("gateway delete route id {}",id);
this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(id)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
return "delete success";
} catch (Exception e) {
return "delete fail";
}
}
/**
* 更新路由
* @param definitions
* @return
*/
public String updateList(List<RouteDefinition> definitions) {
log.info("gateway update route {}",definitions);
// 刪除緩存routerDefinition
List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitionsExits = routeDefinitionLocator.getRouteDefinitions().buffer().blockFirst();
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(routeDefinitionsExits)) {
routeDefinitionsExits.forEach(routeDefinition -> {
log.info("delete routeDefinition:{}", routeDefinition);
delete(routeDefinition.getId());
});
}
definitions.forEach(definition -> {
updateById(definition);
});
return "success";
}
/**
* 更新路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public String updateById(RouteDefinition definition) {
try {
log.info("gateway update route {}",definition);
this.routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(definition.getId()));
} catch (Exception e) {
return "update fail,not find route routeId: "+definition.getId();
}
try {
routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
return "success";
} catch (Exception e) {
return "update route fail";
}
}
/**
* 增加路由
* @param definition
* @return
*/
public String add(RouteDefinition definition) {
log.info("gateway add route {}",definition);
routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(definition)).subscribe();
this.publisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this));
return "success";
}
}分別啟動gateway、nacos-consumer、nacos-provider三個服務，觀察是否已經在Nacos上正確注冊
注意：需要指定注冊中心的namespace為dev的空間，即spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.namespace=08ecd1e5-c042-410a-84d5-b0a8fbeed8ea
（1）查看gateway服務的初始化啟動日志：會發現可以正常從Nacos獲取配置gateway-router網關配置文件內容，并進行正確路由加載...
2020-05-10 14:33:44.557 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : gateway route init...
2020-05-10 14:33:44.578 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : 獲取網關當前配置:
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
}]
2020-05-10 14:33:44.691 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:44.691 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway add route RouteDefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [After]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Before]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.192 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Between]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Cookie]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Header]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.193 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Host]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Method]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Path]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Query]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [ReadBodyPredicateFactory]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [RemoteAddr]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Weight]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.194 INFO 1272 --- [ main] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [CloudFoundryRouteService]
2020-05-10 14:33:45.335 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.335 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway add route RouteDefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.336 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/github}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=3, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:33:45.336 INFO 1272 --- [ main] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway add route RouteDefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/github}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=3, metadata={}}但這只能說明是初始化靜態路由，下面我們改變gateway-router網關配置內容，追加github-router路由
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
},{
"id": "github-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/github/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "https://github.com"
}]之后點擊發布更新路由配置
觀察gateway服務日志，有沒有監聽，并且進行正確的路由更新：如下日志所示，最新路由配置立馬被打印，并且進行正確路由更新
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : 進行網關更新:
[{
"id": "consumer-router",
"order": 0,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/consume/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-consumer"
},{
"id": "provider-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/provide/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "lb://nacos-provider"
},{
"id": "github-router",
"order": 2,
"predicates": [{
"args": {
"pattern": "/github/**"
},
"name": "Path"
}],
"uri": "https://github.com"
}]
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.576 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway update route RouteDefinition{id='consumer-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/consume/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-consumer, order=0, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.578 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.578 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway update route RouteDefinition{id='provider-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/provide/**}}], filters=[], uri=lb://nacos-provider, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.580 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.r.DynamicRouteServiceImplByNacos : update route : RouteDefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/github/**}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=2, metadata={}}
2020-05-10 14:42:27.580 INFO 1272 --- [d5-b0a8fbeed8ea] c.g.service.DynamicRouteServiceImpl : gateway update route RouteDefinition{id='github-router', predicates=[PredicateDefinition{name='Path', args={pattern=/github/**}}], filters=[], uri=https://github.com, order=2, metadata={}}其實，還有辦法可以知道我們的gateway服務有沒有監聽Nacos的gateway-router配置，那就是在Nacos Console--->監聽查詢----->選擇配置---->輸入配置文件的namespace與Group：可以發現我本地IP地址127.0.0.1對配置文件gateway-router進行了監聽
（2）訪問gateway網關服務：http://localhost:6003/consume/sayHello/nacos
查看consumer服務日志：
2020-05-10 14:55:07.257 INFO 6552 --- [nio-6001-exec-2] c.n.c.controller.ConsumeController : I'm calling nacos-consumer service by dynamic gateway...
發現跳轉至consumer服務，并且訪問了consumer服務的CosnumerController
（3）訪問gateway網關服務：http://localhost:6003/provider/sayHello/nacos
查看provider服務日志：
2020-05-10 14:56:56.144 INFO 10024 --- [nio-6002-exec-1] c.n.p.controller.ProviderController : I'm calling nacos-provider service by dynamic gateway...
發現跳轉至consumer服務，并且訪問了provider服務的ProviderController
（4）訪問訪問gateway網關服務：http://localhost:6003/github，正確跳轉至github頁面
1）Spring Cloud Gateway作用不光只是簡單的跳轉重定向，還可以實現用戶的驗證登錄，解決跨域，日志攔截，權限控制，限流，熔斷，負載均衡，黑名單和白名單機制等。是微服務架構不二的選擇；
2）Nacos的配置中心支持動態獲取配置文件，可以將一些全局的經常變更的配置文件放在Nacos下，需要到微服務自行獲取。
2020.12.28解決刪除路由不生效問題，主要是利用RouteDefinitionLocator先讀取變化之前的RouteDefinition，之后刪除重新再更新，或者可以實現routeDefinitionWriter、RouteDefinitionLocator重寫如下方法：
Mono<Void> save(Mono<RouteDefinition> route); Mono<Void> delete(Mono<String> routeId); Flux<RouteDefinition> getRouteDefinitions();
看完了這篇文章，相信你對“Nacos+Spring Cloud Gateway動態路由如何配置實現”有了一定的了解，如果想了解更多相關知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！
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