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本篇內容主要講解“keepalived+nginx高可用怎么實現”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“keepalived+nginx高可用怎么實現”吧!
1.keepalived介紹
keepalived最初是專為lvs負載均衡軟件設計的，用來管理并監控lvs集群系統中各個服務節點的狀態，后來又加入了實現高可用的vrrp功能。keepalived除了能夠管理lvs軟件外，還能支持其他服務的高可用解決方案。
keepalived通過vrrp協議實現高可用功能的。vrrp（virtual router redundancy protocol）虛擬路由冗余協議。vrrp出現的目的就是為了解決靜態路由單點故障問題，它能保證當個別節點宕機時，整個網絡可以不間斷地運行。
2.keepalived高可用故障轉移原理
keepalived高可用服務之間的故障轉移，是通過vrrp來實現的。在keepalived服務工作時，主master節點會不斷地向備節點發送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用來告訴備backup節點自己還活著。
當主節點發生故障時，無法給備節點發送心跳消息，如果備節點無法繼續檢測到來自主節點的心跳。就會調用自身的接管程序，接管主節點的ip資源和服務。當主節點恢復時，備節點又會釋放主節點故障時自身接管的ip資源和服務，恢復到原來的備用角色
3.安裝nginx
3.1.主節點（192.168.80.22）
3.1.1.安裝編譯工具和庫文件
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
3.1.2.安裝pcre
#進入目錄 cd /usr/local/develop/anginx #上傳安裝文件并解壓 tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz #進入安裝目錄 cd pcre-8.38 #檢查配置 ./configure #編譯、安裝 make && make install #查看pcre版本 pcre-config --version
3.1.3.安裝nginx
#進入目錄 cd /usr/local/develop/anginx #上傳安裝文件，并解壓 tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz #進入安裝目錄 cd nginx-1.8.1 #檢查配置 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/develop/anginx/pcre-8.38 #編譯安裝 make && make install #查看nginx版本 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v -------------------------------------------------------- [root@hadoop02 webserver]# /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.8.1 #配置nginx（檢查） /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t #nginx管理命令 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx # 啟動 nginx /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 nginx /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新載入配置文件 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重啟 nginx
3.1.4.nginx基礎配置
vi nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
#添加tomcat列表，真實應用服務器都放在這
upstream tomcat_pool{
#server tomcat地址:端口號 weight表示權值，權值越大，被分配的幾率越大;
server 192.168.80.22:8080 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 192.168.80.22:8081 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name tomcat_pool;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
#root html;
#index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool; #轉向tomcat處理
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}3.2.備節點（192.168.80.21）
說明：安裝方式同nginx主節點。
4.安裝keepalived
4.1.主節點（192.168.80.22）
#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y
#啟動keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived： [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root 15723 1 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15724 15723 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15725 15723 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#
#設置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local
#關閉keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------
! configuration file for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from alexandre.cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance vi_1 {
state master
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 55
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type pass
auth_pass server123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
}
}
...........................................................關于配置說明：
【router_id】 是路由標識，在一個局域網里面應該是唯一的
【vrrp_instance vi_1】{...}這是一個vrrp實例，里面定義了keepalived的主備狀態、接口、優先級、認證和ip信息
【state】 定義了vrrp的角色
【interface】定義使用的接口，這里我的服務器用的網卡都是eth1
【virtual_router_id】是虛擬路由id標識，一組的keepalived配置中主備都是設置一致
【priority】是優先級，數字越大，優先級越大，
【auth_type】是認證方式
【auth_pass】是認證的密碼
【virtual_ipaddress】 ｛...｝定義虛擬ip地址，可以配置多個ip地址，這里我定義為192.168.80.100，綁定了eth1的網絡接口，虛擬接口eth1:1
4.2.備節點（192.168.80.21）
#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y
#啟動keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived： [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root 15723 1 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15724 15723 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15725 15723 0 00:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d
root 15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#
#設置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local
#關閉keepalived服務
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
-----------------------------------------------------------------
! configuration file for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from alexandre.cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance vi_1 {
state backup
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 55
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type pass
auth_pass server123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
}
}
.............................................................5.測試
5.1.啟動主備節點的keepalived服務
#在節點一執行（192.168.80.22） /etc/init.d/keepalived start ------------------------------------- [root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived root 15788 1 0 01:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 15790 15788 0 01:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 15791 15788 0 01:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 15807 15622 0 01:33 pts/1 00:00:00 grep keepalived [root@hadoop02 anginx]# #在節點二執行（192.168.80.21） /etc/init.d/keepalived start --------------------------------------- [root@hadoop01 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived root 11542 1 0 01:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 11544 11542 0 01:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 11545 11542 0 01:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -d root 11550 11512 0 01:33 pts/1 00:00:00 grep keepalived [root@hadoop01 ~]#
5.2.通過虛ip訪問服務
http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/
5.3.停止主節點keepalived服務
#在節點一執行（192.168.80.22） /etc/init.d/keepalived stop #觀察備節點變化 ip addr ------------------------------------------- [root@hadoop01 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth1: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state up qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1 inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@hadoop01 ~]#
5.4.繼續通過虛ip訪問服務
http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/
6.keepalived+nginx整合
說明：編寫nginx守護腳本，如果nginx服務出現故障，則停止當前節點的keepalived服務。自動切換到備用節點。
6.1.編寫nginx守護腳本
vi nginx_check.sh -------------------------------------- #!/bin/bash while true do if [ $(netstat -tlnp|grep nginx|wc -l) -ne 1 ] then /etc/init.d/keepalived stop fi sleep 2 done #給腳本授權 chmod u+x nginx_check.sh #執行腳本 nohup /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh &
6.2.停止主節點nginx服務
#停止主節點nginx服務 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop #查找進程 [root@hadoop02 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx root 15915 1 0 01:51 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh root 16516 15753 0 01:54 pts/5 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@hadoop02 ~]# #觀察備用節點變化【服務正常】 ip addr -------------------------------------- [root@hadoop01 shell]# ip addr 1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state unknown link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth1: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state up qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1 inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@hadoop01 shell]# #再次重新啟動主節點nginx和keepalived服務 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx /etc/init.d/keepalived start
到此，相信大家對“keepalived+nginx高可用怎么實現”有了更深的了解，不妨來實際操作一番吧！這里是億速云網站，更多相關內容可以進入相關頻道進行查詢，關注我們，繼續學習！
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