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小編給大家分享一下如何完全分布式安裝Hadoop,相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲,下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧!
Hadoop完全分布式模式安裝步驟
Hadoop模式介紹
單機模式:安裝簡單,幾乎不用作任何配置,但僅限于調試用途
偽分布模式:在單節點上同時啟動namenode、datanode、jobtracker、tasktracker、secondary namenode等5個進程,模擬分布式運行的各個節點
完全分布式模式:正常的Hadoop集群,由多個各司其職的節點構成
安裝環境
操作平臺:vmware2
操作系統:oracle linux 5.6
軟件版本:hadoop-0.22.0,jdk-6u18
集群架構:3 node,master node(gc),slave node(rac1,rac2)
安裝步驟
1. 下載Hadoop和jdk:
如:hadoop-0.22.0
2. 配置hosts文件
所有的節點(gc,rac1,rac2)都修改/etc/hosts,使彼此之間都能把主機名解析為ip
[root@gc ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.2.101 rac1.localdomain rac1
192.168.2.102 rac2.localdomain rac2
192.168.2.100 gc.localdomain gc
3. 建立hadoop運行賬號
在所有的節點創建hadoop運行賬號
[root@gc ~]# groupadd hadoop
[root@gc ~]# useradd -g hadoop grid --注意此處一定要指定分組,不然可能會不能建立互信
[root@gc ~]# id grid
uid=501(grid) gid=54326(hadoop) groups=54326(hadoop)
[root@gc ~]# passwd grid
Changing password for user grid.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
4. 配置ssh免密碼連入
注意要以hadoop用戶登錄,在hadoop用戶的主目錄下進行操作。
每個節點做下面相同的操作
[hadoop@gc ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
54:80:fd:77:6b:87:97:ce:0f:32:34:43:d1:d2:c2:0d hadoop@gc.localdomain
[hadoop@gc ~]$ cd .ssh
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
把各個節點的authorized_keys的內容互相拷貝加入到對方的此文件中,然后就可以免密碼彼此ssh連入。
在其中一節點(gc)節點就可完成操作
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ ssh rac1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
The authenticity of host 'rac1 (192.168.2.101)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 19:48:e0:0a:37:e1:2a:d5:ba:c8:7e:1b:37:c6:2f:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no) yes
Warning: Permanently added 'rac1,192.168.2.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
hadoop@rac1's password:
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
The authenticity of host 'rac2 (192.168.2.102)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 19:48:e0:0a:37:e1:2a:d5:ba:c8:7e:1b:37:c6:2f:0e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no) yes
Warning: Permanently added 'rac2,192.168.2.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
hadoop@rac2's password:
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac1:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
hadoop@rac1's password:
authorized_keys 100% 1213 1.2KB/s 00:00
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
hadoop@rac2's password:
authorized_keys 100% 1213 1.2KB/s 00:00
[hadoop@gc .ssh]$ ll
總計 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 1213 10-30 09:18 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 10-30 09:05 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 403 10-30 09:05 id_rsa.pub
--分別測試連接
[grid@gc .ssh]$ ssh rac1 date
2012年 11月 18日星期日 01:35:39 CST
[grid@gc .ssh]$ ssh rac2 date
2012年 10月 30日星期二 09:52:46 CST
--可以看到這步和配置oracle RAC中使用 SSH 建立用戶等效性步驟是一樣的。
5. 解壓hadoop安裝包
--可先一某節點解壓配置文件
[grid@gc ~]$ ll
總計 43580
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid hadoop 44575568 2012-11-19 hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz
[grid@gc ~]$ tar xzvf /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz
[grid@gc ~]$ ll
總計 43584
drwxr-xr-x 12 grid hadoop 4096 2010-02-19 hadoop-0.20.2
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid hadoop 44575568 2012-11-19 hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz
--在各節點安裝jdk
[root@gc ~]# ./jdk-6u18-linux-x64-rpm.bin
6. Hadoop配置有關文件
n 配置hadoop-env.sh
[root@gc conf]# pwd
/root/hadoop-0.20.2/conf
--修改jdk安裝路徑
[root@gc conf]vi hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18
n 配置namenode,修改site文件
--修改core-site.xml文件
[gird@gc conf]# vi core-site.xml
< xml version="1.0" >
< xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl" >
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://192.168.2.100:9000</value> --注意完全分布模式此地一定要用IP,下同
</property>
</configuration>
注:fs.default.name NameNode的IP地址和端口
--修改hdfs-site.xml文件
[gird@gc conf]# vi hdfs-site.xml
< xml version="1.0" >
< xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl" >
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/data</value> --注意此目錄必需已經創建并能讀寫
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
</configuration>
hdfs-site.xml文件中常用配置參數:
--修改mapred-site.xml文件
[gird@gc conf]# vi mapred-site.xml
< xml version="1.0" >
< xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl" >
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>192.168.2.100:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
mapred-site.xml文件中常用配置參數
n 配置masters和slaves文件
[grid@gc conf]$ vi masters
gc
[grid@gc conf]$ vi slaves
rac1
rac2
n 向各節點復制hadoop
--把gc主機上面hadoop配置好文件分別copy到各節點
--注意:復制到其它的節點后配置文件中要修改為此節點的IP
[grid@gc conf]$ scp -r hadoop-0.20.2 rac1:/home/grid/
[grid@gc conf]$ scp -r hadoop-0.20.2 rac2:/home/grid/
7. 格式化namenode
--分別在各節點進行格式化
[grid@rac2 bin]$ pwd
/home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin
[grid@gc bin]$ ./hadoop namenode –format
12/10/31 08:03:31 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = gc.localdomain/192.168.2.100
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.2
STARTUP_MSG: build = ; compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010
************************************************************/
12/10/31 08:03:31 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=grid,hadoop
12/10/31 08:03:31 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
12/10/31 08:03:31 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
12/10/31 08:03:32 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 94 saved in 0 seconds.
12/10/31 08:03:32 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-grid/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
12/10/31 08:03:32 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at gc.localdomain/192.168.2.100
************************************************************/
8. 啟動hadoop
--在master節點啟動hadoop守護進程
[grid@gc bin]$ pwd
/home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin
[grid@gc bin]$ ./start-all.sh
starting namenode, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-namenode-gc.localdomain.out
rac2: starting datanode, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-datanode-rac2.localdomain.out
rac1: starting datanode, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-datanode-rac1.localdomain.out
The authenticity of host 'gc (192.168.2.100)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 8e:47:42:44:bd:e2:28:64:10:40:8e:b5:72:f9:6c:82.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no) yes
gc: Warning: Permanently added 'gc,192.168.2.100' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
gc: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-secondarynamenode-gc.localdomain.out
starting jobtracker, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-jobtracker-gc.localdomain.out
rac2: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-tasktracker-rac2.localdomain.out
rac1: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-grid-tasktracker-rac1.localdomain.out
9. 用jps檢驗各后臺進程是否成功啟動
--在master節點查看后臺進程
[grid@gc bin]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
27462 NameNode
29012 Jps
27672 JobTracker
27607 SecondaryNameNode
--在slave節點查看后臺進程
[grid@rac1 conf]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
16722 Jps
16672 TaskTracker
16577 DataNode
[grid@rac2 conf]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
31451 DataNode
31547 TaskTracker
31608 Jps
10. 安裝過程中遇到的問題
1) Ssh不能建立互信
建用戶時不指定分組,Ssh不能建立互信,如下的步驟
[root@gc ~]# useradd grid
[root@gc ~]# passwd grid
解決:
創建新的用戶組,創建用戶時并指定此用戶組。
[root@gc ~]# groupadd hadoop
[root@gc ~]# useradd -g hadoop grid
[root@gc ~]# id grid
uid=501(grid) gid=54326(hadoop) groups=54326(hadoop)
[root@gc ~]# passwd grid
2) 啟動hadoop后,slave節點沒有datanode進程
現象:
在master節點啟動hadoop后,master節點進程正常,但slave節點沒有datanode進程。
--Master節點正常
[grid@gc bin]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
29843 Jps
29703 JobTracker
29634 SecondaryNameNode
29485 NameNode
--此時再在兩slave節點查看進程,發現還是沒有datanode進程
[grid@rac1 bin]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
5528 Jps
3213 TaskTracker
[grid@rac2 bin]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/jps
30518 TaskTracker
30623 Jps
原因:
--回頭查看在master節點啟動hadoop時的輸出日志,在slave節點找到啟動datanode進程的日志
[grid@rac2 logs]$ pwd
/home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/logs
[grid@rac1 logs]$ more hadoop-grid-datanode-rac1.localdomain.log
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting DataNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = rac1.localdomain/192.168.2.101
STARTUP_MSG: args = []
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.2
STARTUP_MSG: build = ; compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010
************************************************************/
2012-11-18 07:43:33,513 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Invalid directory in dfs.data.dir: can not create directory: /usr/hadoop-0.20.2/data
2012-11-18 07:43:33,513 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: All directories in dfs.data.dir are invalid.
2012-11-18 07:43:33,571 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down DataNode at rac1.localdomain/192.168.2.101
************************************************************/
--發現是hdfs-site.xml配置文件的目錄data目錄沒有創建
解決:
在各節點創建hdfs的data目錄,并修改hdfs-site.xml配置文件參數
[grid@gc ~]# mkdir -p /home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/data
[grid@gc conf]# vi hdfs-site.xml
< xml version="1.0" >
< xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl" >
<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/grid/hadoop-0.20.2/data</value> --注意此目錄必需已經創建并能讀寫
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
</configuration>
--重新啟動hadoop,slave進程正常
[grid@gc bin]$ ./stop-all.sh
[grid@gc bin]$ ./start-all.sh
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