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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關python中gitlab 庫的作用是什么,文章內容質量較高,因此小編分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對相關知識有一定的了解。
首先需要安裝 python-gitlab
庫
sudo pip install --upgrade python-gitlab
git clone https://github.com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab cd python-gitlab sudo python setup.py install
首先需要對環境進行配置才能使用 cli ,需要提供一個配置文件,指明 gitlab server 信息以及連接參數,配置文件格式為 INI
,樣例如下:
[global] default = somewhere ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [somewhere] url = https://some.whe.re private_token = vTbFeqJYCY3sibBP7BZM api_version = 4 [elsewhere] url = http://else.whe.re:8080 private_token = CkqsjqcQSFH5FQKDccu4 timeout = 1
其中 global
部分是必須提供的,主要是連接 gitlab 的參數
其他部分是可選,當沒有配置時默認用的是 default
使用過程中可以通過 -g
指定具體使用的是那一節,如 gitlab -g somewhere project list
本文使用的配置文件如下 :
[global] ssl_verify = true timeout = 5 [gitlab] url = https://gitlab-russellgo.cn private_token = xxxxxx api_version = 4
配置文件可以通過以下幾種方法生效 :
通過環境變量配置 PYTHON_GITLAB_CFG
放在系統配置下 /etc/python-gitlab.cfg
放在當前用戶 home 目錄下 ~/.python-gitlab.cfg
通過命令行指定 -c
或者 --config-file
本文的配置文件放在了 home 下。
當配置好了環境就可以愉快的使用了
列出所有的 project (分頁返回)
# 上面定義了一個 gitlab 的組,所以執行時可以通過 -g 指定 gitlab -g gitlab project list
列出所有的 project
gitlab -g gitlab project list --all
試到這里有個疑問,怎么知道 gitlab
目前支持哪些命令呢
gitlab -g gitlab # 以下是輸出 usage: gitlab [-h] [--version] [-v] [-d] [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-g GITLAB] [-o {json,legacy,yaml}] [-f FIELDS] {application-settings,audit-event,broadcast-message,current-user,current-user-email,current-user-gp-gkey,current-user-key,current-user-status,deploy-key,dockerfile,event,feature,geo-node,gitignore,gitlabciyml,group,group-access-request,group-badge,group-board,group-board-list,group-cluster,group-custom-attribute,group-epic,group-epic-issue,group-epic-resource-label-event,group-issue,group-label,group-member,group-merge-request,group-milestone,group-notification-settings,group-project,group-subgroup,group-variable,hook,issue,l-da-pgroup,license,merge-request,namespace,notification-settings,pages-domain,project,project-access-request,project-additional-statistics,project-approval,project-approval-rule,project-badge,project-board,project-board-list,project-branch,project-cluster,project-commit,project-commit-comment,project-commit-discussion,project-commit-discussion-note,project-commit-status,project-custom-attribute,project-deployment,project-environment,project-event,project-export,project-file,project-fork,project-hook,project-import,project-issue,project-issue-award-emoji,project-issue-discussion,project-issue-discussion-note,project-issue-link,project-issue-note,project-issue-note-award-emoji,project-issue-resource-label-event,project-issues-statistics,project-job,project-key,project-label,project-member,project-merge-request,project-merge-request-approval,project-merge-request-award-emoji,project-merge-request-diff,project-merge-request-discussion,project-merge-request-discussion-note,project-merge-request-note,project-merge-request-note-award-emoji,project-merge-request-resource-label-event,project-milestone,project-note,project-notification-settings,project-pages-domain,project-pipeline,project-pipeline-job,project-pipeline-schedule,project-pipeline-schedule-variable,project-pipeline-variable,project-protected-branch,project-protected-tag,project-push-rules,project-registry-repository,project-registry-tag,project-release,project-runner,project-service,project-snippet,project-snippet-award-emoji,project-snippet-discussion,project-snippet-discussion-note,project-snippet-note,project-snippet-note-award-emoji,project-tag,project-trigger,project-user,project-variable,project-wiki,runner,runner-job,snippet,todo,user,user-activities,user-custom-attribute,user-email,user-event,user-gp-gkey,user-impersonation-token,user-key,user-project,user-status}
這樣可以列出當前 gitlab 支持的資源,知道了支持的資源,那有怎么知道某種資源支持哪些操作的,以 project 為例,
gitlab -g gitlab project # 以下是輸出 usage: gitlab project [-h] {list,get,create,update,delete,repository-blob,repository-contributors,delete-merged-branches,share,archive,repository-compare,create-fork-relation,languages,mirror-pull,unarchive,star,search,artifact,trigger-pipeline,repository-archive,delete-fork-relation,repository-raw-blob,repository-tree,unstar,housekeeping,unshare,upload,snapshot,update-submodule,transfer-project} ... gitlab project: error: too few arguments
這樣就可以知道 gitlab
支持對何種資源做哪些操作,再通過 --help
就可以知道具體的參數,如
gitlab -g gitlab project list --help # 以下是輸出 usage: gitlab project list [-h] [--sudo SUDO] [--search SEARCH] [--owned OWNED] [--starred STARRED] [--archived ARCHIVED] [--visibility VISIBILITY] [--order-by ORDER_BY] [--sort SORT] [--simple SIMPLE] [--membership MEMBERSHIP] [--statistics STATISTICS] [--with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED] [--with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED] [--with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES] [--page PAGE] [--per-page PER_PAGE] [--all] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit --sudo SUDO --search SEARCH --owned OWNED --starred STARRED --archived ARCHIVED --visibility VISIBILITY --order-by ORDER_BY --sort SORT --simple SIMPLE --membership MEMBERSHIP --statistics STATISTICS --with-issues-enabled WITH_ISSUES_ENABLED --with-merge-requests-enabled WITH_MERGE_REQUESTS_ENABLED --with-custom-attributes WITH_CUSTOM_ATTRIBUTES --page PAGE --per-page PER_PAGE --all
這樣就可以很方便的對 gitlab
進行操作了。
除了通過命令行操作 gitlab 之外,還可以用編程的方式進行集成,一個常見的場景,要從 gitlab 中下載某個文件
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding=utf-8 from __future__ import print_function import gitlab # 實例化一個 gitlab 對象 url = "https://gitlab.russellgao.cn" private_token = "xxxxxxxx" gl = gitlab.Gitlab('https://gitlab.russellgao.cn', private_token=private_token) # 列出所有的項目 projects = gl.projects.list() for project in projects: print(project) # 獲取 group id 是 2 的 list group = gl.groups.get(2) for project in group.projects.list(): print(project) # 創建一個用戶 user_data = {'email': 'jen@foo.com', 'username': 'jen', 'name': 'Jen'} user = gl.users.create(user_data) print(user) # 列出 create 和 update 時需要的參數 # get_create_attrs() 創建時需要的參數 # get_update_attrs() 更新時需要的參數 print(gl.projects.get_create_attrs()) (('name',), ('path', 'namespace_id', ...)) # 返回的是兩個元組, 第一個 必選的參數,第二個是可選的參數 # 獲取 對象的屬性 ,如 project project = gl.projects.get(1) print(project.attributes) # 有些對象提供了 gitlab 相關的資源屬性 project = gl.projects.get(1) issues = project.issues.list() # python-gitlab 允許向 gitlab 發送任何數據,當發送非法數據或者缺少相關參數時會拋出異常 gl.projects.list(sort='invalid value') # ... # GitlabListError: 400: sort does not have a valid value # 通過 query_parameters 進行傳參 當參數和python 關鍵字沖突時 gl.user_activities.list(from='2019-01-01') ## invalid gl.user_activities.list(query_parameters={'from': '2019-01-01'}) # OK
通過 gitlab raw url 進行下載文件
def download_gitlab_file(url, filename, private_token) : """ 從 gitlab 上下載文件 :param url: gitlab raw url :param filename: 保存到本地的文件名稱 :param private_token: :return: """ import gitlab import codecs def writeLinesToFile(filename, lines, append=False, encoding=None): if (append == True): file_mode = "a" else: file_mode = "w" encoding = encoding or 'utf-8' with codecs.open(filename, file_mode, encoding=encoding) as fp: for line in lines: print(unicode(line), file=fp) url_patterns = url.split("/") if len(url_patterns) < 8 : raise ValueError("url: `{}` 參數不合法,以 / 分隔之后長度必須大于8".format(url)) baseurl = "{}//{}".format(url_patterns[0], url_patterns[2]) namespace = url_patterns[3] project_name = url_patterns[4] branch = url_patterns[6] url_filename = "/".join(url_patterns[7:]) if url_patterns[5] == "-" : branch = url_patterns[7] url_filename = "/".join(url_patterns[8:]) gl = gitlab.Gitlab(str(baseurl), private_token) projects = gl.projects.list(search=project_name) projects = filter(lambda x : x.namespace.get("full_path") == namespace, projects ) if len(projects) == 0 : raise ValueError("根據url 沒有找到相應的 project ,請檢查當前用戶是否有權限或者 url 是否正確 ") project = projects[0] raw_content = project.files.raw(file_path=url_filename, ref=branch) writeLinesToFile(filename, [raw_content]) return raw_content
源碼地址: https://github.com/python-gitlab/python-gitlab/
從 setup.py#L31:5 中可以看出
from setuptools import setup from setuptools import find_packages ... setup( name="python-gitlab", ... entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]}, .... )
python-gitlab 采用 setuptools 進行打包,打成的包有兩個作用:
當作 python 庫使用 (默認)
entry_points={"console_scripts": ["gitlab = gitlab.cli:main"]}
說明可以當作 cli 使用,指令是 gitlab
,真正調用的是 gitlab.cli:main
函數
在看一下 cli.py
這個入口文件,從入口文件可以看到 cli.py#L182:14
def main(): import gitlab.v4.cli ... # 可以跳轉到這個函數中查看 parser = _get_base_parser(add_help=False) ... def _get_base_parser(add_help: bool = True) -> argparse.ArgumentParser: parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( add_help=add_help, description="GitLab API Command Line Interface" ) parser.add_argument("--version", help="Display the version.", action="store_true") parser.add_argument( "-v", "--verbose", "--fancy", help="Verbose mode (legacy format only)", action="store_true", ) ...
這里可以 cli 解析庫用的是 argparse
做命令行參數的解析 。
通過 GitlabCLI
class cli.py#L29:7 可以看出
class GitlabCLI(object): def __init__(self, gl, what, action, args): self.cls_name = cli.what_to_cls(what) self.cls = gitlab.v4.objects.__dict__[self.cls_name] self.what = what.replace("-", "_") self.action = action.lower() self.gl = gl self.args = args self.mgr_cls = getattr(gitlab.v4.objects, self.cls.__name__ + "Manager") # We could do something smart, like splitting the manager name to find # parents, build the chain of managers to get to the final object. # Instead we do something ugly and efficient: interpolate variables in # the class _path attribute, and replace the value with the result. self.mgr_cls._path = self.mgr_cls._path % self.args self.mgr = self.mgr_cls(gl) if self.mgr_cls._types: for attr_name, type_cls in self.mgr_cls._types.items(): if attr_name in self.args.keys(): obj = type_cls() obj.set_from_cli(self.args[attr_name]) self.args[attr_name] = obj.get()
cli 基本格式為 gitlab what action args
,即上面 cli
章節提到的 gitlab 支持的資源 做什么操作 這個操作對應的參數
通過走讀 client.py
client.py#L446:9 這個文件可以看到
def http_request( self, verb: str, path: str, query_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, post_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, streamed: bool = False, files: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **kwargs: Any, ) -> requests.Response: """Make an HTTP request to the Gitlab server. Args: verb (str): The HTTP method to call ('get', 'post', 'put', 'delete') path (str): Path or full URL to query ('/projects' or 'http://whatever/v4/api/projecs') query_data (dict): Data to send as query parameters post_data (dict): Data to send in the body (will be converted to json) streamed (bool): Whether the data should be streamed files (dict): The files to send to the server **kwargs: Extra options to send to the server (e.g. sudo) Returns: A requests result object. Raises: GitlabHttpError: When the return code is not 2xx """ query_data = query_data or {} url = self._build_url(path) params: Dict[str, Any] = {} utils.copy_dict(params, query_data) # Deal with kwargs: by default a user uses kwargs to send data to the # gitlab server, but this generates problems (python keyword conflicts # and python-gitlab/gitlab conflicts). # So we provide a `query_parameters` key: if it's there we use its dict # value as arguments for the gitlab server, and ignore the other # arguments, except pagination ones (per_page and page) if "query_parameters" in kwargs: utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs["query_parameters"]) for arg in ("per_page", "page"): if arg in kwargs: params[arg] = kwargs[arg] else: utils.copy_dict(params, kwargs) opts = self._get_session_opts(content_type="application/json") verify = opts.pop("verify") timeout = opts.pop("timeout") # If timeout was passed into kwargs, allow it to override the default timeout = kwargs.get("timeout", timeout) # We need to deal with json vs. data when uploading files if files: json = None if post_data is None: post_data = {} post_data["file"] = files.get("file") post_data["avatar"] = files.get("avatar") data = MultipartEncoder(post_data) opts["headers"]["Content-type"] = data.content_type else: json = post_data data = None # Requests assumes that `.` should not be encoded as %2E and will make # changes to urls using this encoding. Using a prepped request we can # get the desired behavior. # The Requests behavior is right but it seems that web servers don't # always agree with this decision (this is the case with a default # gitlab installation) req = requests.Request(verb, url, json=json, data=data, params=params, **opts) prepped = self.session.prepare_request(req) prepped.url = utils.sanitized_url(prepped.url) settings = self.session.merge_environment_settings( prepped.url, {}, streamed, verify, None ) # obey the rate limit by default obey_rate_limit = kwargs.get("obey_rate_limit", True) # do not retry transient errors by default retry_transient_errors = kwargs.get("retry_transient_errors", False) # set max_retries to 10 by default, disable by setting it to -1 max_retries = kwargs.get("max_retries", 10) cur_retries = 0 ...
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