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這篇文章主要介紹“以太坊智能合約部署與交互的方法是什么”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在以太坊智能合約部署與交互的方法是什么問題上存在疑惑，小編查閱了各式資料，整理出簡單好用的操作方法，希望對大家解答”以太坊智能合約部署與交互的方法是什么”的疑惑有所幫助！接下來，請跟著小編一起來學習吧！
啟動容器來執行geth命令
root@ubu-blockchain2:~# docker run -i blockchain101/ethereum-geth:1.6.5 geth attach http://45.32.252.88:8201Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!instance: Geth/01/v1.6.5-stable/linux-amd64/go1.8 coinbase: 0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a at block: 6064 (Wed, 02 Aug 2017 01:13:50 UTC) datadir: /ethcluster/779977/data/01 modules: admin:1.0 eth:1.0 net:1.0 rpc:1.0 web3:1.0
查看我們的賬戶和余額
eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])11000000000000000000eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])0eth.accounts[0]"0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a"> eth.accounts[1]"0xe82e2f0a5abd8774767b9751659976f9c4f59181"
發起一筆交易
eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:web3.toWei(3,'ether')})
"0x0075da712d26aea17d6647035107f509e13eaf3d113c1577db14d4cc4216caec"查看交易細節
> eth.getTransaction("0x0075da712d26aea17d6647035107f509e13eaf3d113c1577db14d4cc4216caec")
{
blockHash: "0x3115703894dc6015c96ef4de3e5615f416498ca1f985902b38cd70e27dab8871", blockNumber: 1250, from: "0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a", gas: 90000, gasPrice: 18000000000, hash: "0x0075da712d26aea17d6647035107f509e13eaf3d113c1577db14d4cc4216caec", input: "0x", nonce: 0, r: "0x2aef2c1fa03a0fa4172d21e3383d8c0431d45ec855b9d16efdd5eb2de90c414c", s: "0xc4d530fb7902bf509fe56bfbea4861bf6cc16791afc9c9103c1a18f77407d1f", to: "0xe82e2f0a5abd8774767b9751659976f9c4f59181", transactionIndex: 0, v: "0x17cdb6", value: 3000000000000000000 }
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
3000000000000000000驗證用戶0的余額
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])7999622000000000000
編寫一個簡單的合約
contract Sample {uint public value;
function Sample(uint v){value=v;
}
function set(uint v){value=v;
}
function get() constant returns (uint){return value;
}
}在remix網頁編譯得到ABI接口和合約的二進制代碼、
abi=[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"value","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"v","type":"uint256"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"v","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"constructor"}]
[{
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "value",
outputs: [{
name: "",
type: "uint256"}],
payable: false,
type: "function"}, {
constant: false,
inputs: [{
name: "v",
type: "uint256"}],
name: "set",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
type: "function"}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "get",
outputs: [{
name: "",
type: "uint256"}],
payable: false,
type: "function"}, {
inputs: [{
name: "v",
type: "uint256"}],
payable: false,
type: "constructor"}]需要使用eth.contract來定義一個合約類
> sample=eth.contract(abi)
{
abi: [{
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "value",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false, type: "function"
}, {
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "set",
outputs: [],
payable: false, type: "function"
}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "get",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false, type: "function"
}, {
inputs: [{...}],
payable: false, type: "constructor"
}],
eth: {
accounts: ["0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a", "0xe82e2f0a5abd8774767b9751659976f9c4f59181"],
blockNumber: 6225,
coinbase: "0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a",
compile: {
lll: function(),
serpent: function(),
solidity: function()},
defaultAccount: undefined,
defaultBlock: "latest",
gasPrice: 18000000000,
hashrate: 0,
mining: false,
pendingTransactions: [],
protocolVersion: "0x3f",
syncing: false,
call: function(),
contract: function(abi),
estimateGas: function(),
filter: function(fil, callback),
getAccounts: function(callback),
getBalance: function(),
getBlock: function(),
getBlockNumber: function(callback),
getBlockTransactionCount: function(),
getBlockUncleCount: function(),
getCode: function(),
getCoinbase: function(callback),
getCompilers: function(),
getGasPrice: function(callback),
getHashrate: function(callback),
getMining: function(callback),
getPendingTransactions: function(callback),
getProtocolVersion: function(callback),
getRawTransaction: function(),
getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(),
getStorageAt: function(),
getSyncing: function(callback),
getTransaction: function(),
getTransactionCount: function(),
getTransactionFromBlock: function(),
getTransactionReceipt: function(),
getUncle: function(),
getWork: function(),
iban: function(iban),
icapNamereg: function(),
isSyncing: function(callback),
namereg: function(),
resend: function(),
sendIBANTransaction: function(),
sendRawTransaction: function(),
sendTransaction: function(),
sign: function(),
signTransaction: function(),
submitTransaction: function(),
submitWork: function()
},
at: function(address, callback),
getData: function(),
new: function()}合約的二進制代碼賦值給SampleHEX方便使用
SampleHEX="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"
把合約代碼部署上鏈
> thesample=sample.new(1,{from:eth.accounts[0],data:SampleHEX,gas:3000000})
{
abi: [{
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "value",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "set",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "get",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
inputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "constructor"
}],
address: undefined,
transactionHash: "0xee74bcb4461c9712ec9aca96a5a3a4c3c64be1213854d519fc8e5432b554f7a1"}查看交易細節
> samplerecpt=eth.getTransactionReceipt("0xee74bcb4461c9712ec9aca96a5a3a4c3c64be1213854d519fc8e5432b554f7a1")
{
blockHash: "0xddba16545af882835fb9a69a0e5f3b9287c61664837d5ea0068b38575cb665c5",
blockNumber: 6246,
contractAddress: "0x7504fa9d64ab290844b82660d43b310f8fba0276",
cumulativeGasUsed: 141836, from: "0x4c57e7e9c2f728046ddc6e96052056a241bdbd0a",
gasUsed: 141836,
logs: [],
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
root: "0xd1093ecaca9cc0d10e82a533a15feccedf7ff5c79fb3ebd9366ec0b35dbef478", to: null,
transactionHash: "0xee74bcb4461c9712ec9aca96a5a3a4c3c64be1213854d519fc8e5432b554f7a1",
transactionIndex: 0}合約命名
> samplecontract=sample.at("0x7504fa9d64ab290844b82660d43b310f8fba0276")
{
abi: [{
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "value",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "set",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "get",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}, {
inputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "constructor"
}],
address: "0x7504fa9d64ab290844b82660d43b310f8fba0276",
transactionHash: null,
allEvents: function(),
get: function(),
set: function(),
value: function()
}合約查看功能函數get（）,然后調用set()函數，再get()查看時已經改變了
samplecontract.get.call()1> samplecontract.set.sendTransaction(9, {from:eth.accounts[0], gas:3000000})"0x822ee6fb4caceb7e844c533f7f3bc57806f7cb3676fb3066eb848cca46b2f38a"> samplecontract.get.call()9我們再打開一個終端，打開cluster1的peer02的控制臺，直接at到上一個終端部署的智能合約地址并進行set操作
root@ubu-blockchain2:~/ethereum-docker/ethereum-docker/ethereum-testnet-docker/dockercomposefiles# docker run -i blockchain101/ethereum-geth:1.6.5 geth attach http://45.32.252.88:9201Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
> abi=[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"value","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"v","type":"uint256"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"name":"v","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"constructor"}]
> sample=eth.contract(abi)SampleHEX="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"直接把合約地址賦值并進行set操作
samplecontract=sample.at("0x7504fa9d64ab290844b82660d43b310f8fba0276")
> samplecontract.get.call()9簡單的方法來了。智能合約的部署需要編譯，這里用在線編譯：
https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity/#version=soljson-v0.4.14+commit.c2215d46.js
修改編譯好的abi和對象名稱：
這里在網上找了個代幣的只能合約，可以進行充值、轉賬和查詢，issue 函數可以向充值以太到合約賬戶，transfer 函數可以向其他賬號發送token，getBalance 函數可以獲取某個賬號的token余額，代碼如下：
pragma solidity ^0.4.2;
contract Token {
address issuer;
mapping (address => uint) balances;
event Issue(address account, uint amount);
event Transfer(address from, address to,uint amount); function Token() {
issuer = msg.sender;
} function issue(address account, uintamount) { if (msg.sender != issuer) throw;
balances[account] += amount;
} function transfer(address to, uint amount){ if (balances[msg.sender] < amount)throw;
balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
balances[to] += amount;
Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);
} function getBalance(address account)constant returns (uint) { return balances[account];
}
}修改編譯好的gas和對象名稱：
varbrowser_untitled_sol_tokenContract =web3.eth.contract([{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"account","type":"address"},{"name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"issue","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"to","type":"address"},{"name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transfer","outputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"getBalance","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"account","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Issue","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"from","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"to","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"}]);var token =browser_untitled_sol_tokenContract.new(
{
from: web3.eth.accounts[0],
data:'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',
gas: '4300000'
}, function (e, contract){
console.log(e, contract);if (typeof contract.address !=='undefined') {
console.log('Contract mined! address:' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
}
})此時輸入合約部署的實例a_demotypes, 可以看到a_demotypes的詳情。
控制臺調用
> a_demotypes
{
abi: [{
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "f",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
type: "function"
}],
address: "0x54ed7a5f5a63ddada3bfe83b3e632adabaa5fc2f",
transactionHash: "0x69cde62bcd6458e14f40497f4840f422911d63f5dea2b3a9833e6810db64a1c9",
allEvents: function(),
f: function()
}這里重點就是address表示的是合約的地址，你會發現這個和賬號的信息結果一樣，其實你也可以把這個合約地址看做是一個賬號地址，后面我們外部調用到的就是這個合約地址。
充值token.issue.sendTransaction(eth.accounts[0],100, {from: eth.accounts[0]});
發送 tokentoken.transfer(eth.accounts[1], 30, {from:eth.accounts[0]})
查看余額token.getBalance()
控制臺調用就不多說，和Java對象調用一樣，直接調用即可外部接口與智能合約交互
以太坊對外提供的有很多接口JSON RPC接口，web3接口，這里我們用JSON RPC接口。
合約交互的原理
合約的交互都是一次交易，而我們要做的就是把要調用的方法和參數按照api規定的以參數的形式向區塊請求一次交易，ethereum接收到我們的請求后通過解析傳遞的參數來執行相關的合約代碼。
RPC接口給我們提供了倆個方法：eth_sendTransaction和eth_call。
eth_sendTransaction Createsnew message call transaction or a contract creation, if the data field containscode. ParametersObject - The transaction objectfrom: DATA, 20 Bytes - The address the transaction is send from.to: DATA, 20 Bytes - (optional when creating new contract) The address the transaction is directed to. gas: QUANTITY - (optional, default: 90000) Integer of the gas provided for the transaction execution. It will return unused gas. gasPrice: QUANTITY - (optional, default: To-Be-Determined) Integer of the gasPrice used for each paid gas value: QUANTITY - (optional) Integer of the value send with this transaction data: DATA - The compiled code of a contract OR the hash of the invoked method signature and encoded parameters. For details see Ethereum Contract ABI nonce: QUANTITY - (optional) Integer of a nonce. This allows to overwrite your own pending transactions that use the same nonce.
可以看到，如果我們創建的為合約時，我們只需要from,to(文檔上寫的是可選的，但是實際操作中沒有to為null的話合約不能正常執行，建議還是加上，這個值就是前面我們部署合約后生成的合約address),data。Data的屬性的值具體可以看Contract ABI。這里大概說下：
Data的值相對來說不是固定的，具體怎么生成與合約的參數類型，參數數量都有關聯。這里我們以部署的token合約的三個方法為例：
充值issue (address account, uint amount)
這個方法有倆個參數，address充值賬號，uint充值數量。
根據Contract ABI，data值應該為方法名的sha3的前8個字節+參數的64字節，不夠前面補充為0。
這里方法名并不是issue (address account, uint amount)而是issue(address,uint256)的sha3值。
web3.sha3("issue(address,uint256)")"0x867904b44b606800f6f10498e11292d04ea19bfc7fe4bc0f1695aa516381f73d"我們往第一個賬號充值10，這里的數據不是以太幣，而是我們自己創建的代幣。
eth.accounts[0]"0x0cc9684af605bae10de801218321c1336bb62946"
將10轉換為16進制為
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a
那么data的數據為：
0x867904b4000000000000000000000000fdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a
那么最后我們調用eth_sendTransaction方法傳遞參數JSON對象為：
{
from:0xfdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb, to:0x7fe133950fc010ce41322d88f64f1918b9abb3a3, data: 0x867904b4000000000000000000000000fdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a }返回：此交易的hash值,此時該交易還沒有執行，只是創建，還需要礦工通過挖礦才能完成。
調用接口方法：
JsonRpcHttpClient client = newJsonRpcHttpClient(new URL(“http://127.0.0.1:8545”));Object result = client.invoke(methodName,params, Object.class);
通過控制臺查看第一個賬號已有代幣：
token.getbalance(eth.accounts[0])
執行調用接口代碼。返回交易hash值：
0x2013764d1c3fea680f9015353497aa5f9f8d61580a3bd0524b3613b34329c095
此時控制臺輸入：
交易和充值一樣，需要注意的是代幣轉出賬號為from屬性的值，代幣轉入賬號為data屬性里的值，to對應的是合約地址。
eth_call
Executes anew message call immediately without creating a transaction on the block chain. Parameters Object - The transaction call objectfrom: DATA, 20 Bytes - (optional) The address the transaction is sent from.to: DATA, 20 Bytes - The address the transaction is directed to. gas: QUANTITY - (optional) Integer of the gas provided for the transaction execution. eth_call consumes zero gas, but this parameter may be needed by some executions. gasPrice: QUANTITY - (optional) Integer of the gasPrice used for each paid gas value: QUANTITY - (optional) Integer of the value send with this transactiondata: DATA - (optional) Hash of the method signature and encoded parameters. For details seeEthereum Contract ABI QUANTITY|TAG - integer block number, or the string "latest", "earliest" or "pending", see the default block parameter
這個方法返回一條信息給我們，相當于數據庫的查詢功能，參數也是三個，from,to,data，數據格式都是一樣的。
查詢getBalance(address account)
查詢方法hash碼：
web3.sha3("getBalance(address)")"0xf8b2cb4f3943230388faeee074f1503714bff212640051caba01411868d14ae3"查詢我們上一步充值的賬號，那么傳遞的參數data為：
0xf8b2cb4f000000000000000000000000fdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb
eth_call方法最后參數為：
{
from: 0xfdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb, to:0x7fe133950fc010ce41322d88f64f1918b9abb3a3, data:0xf8b2cb4f000000000000000000000000fdf57e81872562a6112656f961944ce821fdf7eb }注意，這個方法需要倆參數，處理一個JSONobject外，還有一個字符串參數，這倆可以為“”或者”latest”, “earliest” or “pending”
調用接口返回一個16進制字符串：
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000071就是該賬號的代幣數量，轉換為十進制為：113，與控制查詢一致。
這就是一個智能合約的交互過程。是不是很簡單啊。
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