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這篇文章主要講解了“LINQ to SQL存儲過程是怎樣的”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“LINQ to SQL存儲過程是怎樣的”吧!
在我們編寫程序中,往往需要一些存儲過程,LINQ to SQL存儲過程中怎么使用呢?也許比原來的更簡單些。下面我們以NORTHWND.MDF數據庫中自帶的幾個存儲過程來理解一下。
1.LINQ to SQL存儲過程之標量返回
在數據庫中,有名為Customers Count By Region的存儲過程。該存儲過程返回顧客所在"WA"區域的數量。
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[NonRowset] (@param1 NVARCHAR(15)) AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; DECLARE @count int SELECT @count = COUNT(*)FROM Customers WHERECustomers.Region = @Param1 RETURN @count
END我們只要把這個存儲過程拖到O/R設計器內,它自動生成了以下代碼段:
[Function(Name = "dbo.[Customers Count By Region]")] public int Customers_Count_By_Region([Parameter (DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] string param1) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1); return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));
我們需要時,直接調用就可以了,例如:
int count = db.CustomersCountByRegion("WA"); Console.WriteLine(count);
語句描述:這個實例使用存儲過程返回在“WA”地區的客戶數。
2.LINQ to SQL存儲過程之單一結果集
從數據庫中返回行集合,并包含用于篩選結果的輸入參數。 當我們執行返回行集合的存儲過程時,會用到結果類,它存儲從存儲過程中返回的結果。
下面的示例表示一個存儲過程,該存儲過程返回客戶行并使用輸入參數來僅返回將“London”列為客戶城市的那些行的固定幾列。
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Customers By City] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here (@param1 NVARCHAR(20)) AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName, City from Customers as c where c.City=@param1
END拖到O/R設計器內,它自動生成了以下代碼段:
[Function(Name="dbo.[Customers By City]")] public ISingleResult Customers_By_City( [Parameter(DbType="NVarChar(20)")] string param1) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ( (MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1); return ((ISingleResult) (result.ReturnValue)); }
我們用下面的代碼調用:
ISingleResult result = db.Customers_By_City("London"); foreach (Customers_By_CityResult cust in result) { Console.WriteLine("CustID={0}; City={1}", cust.CustomerID, cust.City); }
語句描述:這個實例使用存儲過程返回在倫敦的客戶的 CustomerID和City。
3.LINQ to SQL存儲過程之多個可能形狀的單一結果集
當存儲過程可以返回多個結果形狀時,返回類型無法強類型化為單個投影形狀。盡管 LINQ to SQL 可以生成所有可能的投影類型,但它無法獲知將以何種順序返回它們。 ResultTypeAttribute 屬性適用于返回多個結果類型的存儲過程,用以指定該過程可以返回的類型的集合。
在下面的 SQL 代碼示例中,結果形狀取決于輸入(param1 = 1或param1 = 2)。我們不知道先返回哪個投影。
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[SingleRowset_MultiShape] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here (@param1 int ) AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; if(@param1 = 1) SELECT * from Customers as c where c.Region = 'WA' else if (@param1 = 2) SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName from Customers as c where c.Region = 'WA'
END拖到O/R設計器內,它自動生成了以下代碼段:
[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")] public ISingleResult Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter(DbType="Int")] System.Nullable<int> param1) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1); return ((ISingleResult) (result.ReturnValue)); }
但是,VS2008會把多結果集存儲過程識別為單結果集的存儲過程,默認生成的代碼我們要手動修改一下,要求返回多個結果集,像這樣:
[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")] [ResultType(typeof(WholeCustomersSetResult))] [ResultType(typeof(PartialCustomersSetResult))] public IMultipleResults Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter (DbType="Int")] System.Nullable<int> param1) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1); return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue)); }
我們分別定義了兩個分部類,用于指定返回的類型。WholeCustomersSetResult類 如下:(點擊展開)
代碼在這里展開
public partial class WholeCustomersSetResult { private string _CustomerID; private string _CompanyName; private string _ContactName; private string _ContactTitle; private string _Address; private string _City; private string _Region; private string _PostalCode; private string _Country; private string _Phone; private string _Fax; public WholeCustomersSetResult() { } [Column(Storage = "_CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5)")] public string CustomerID { get { return this._CustomerID; } set { if ((this._CustomerID != value)) this._CustomerID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_CompanyName", DbType = "NVarChar(40)")] public string CompanyName { get { return this._CompanyName; } set { if ((this._CompanyName != value)) this._CompanyName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ContactName", DbType = "NVarChar(30)")] public string ContactName { get { return this._ContactName; } set { if ((this._ContactName != value)) this._ContactName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ContactTitle", DbType = "NVarChar(30)")] public string ContactTitle { get { return this._ContactTitle; } set { if ((this._ContactTitle != value)) this._ContactTitle = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Address", DbType = "NVarChar(60)")] public string Address { get { return this._Address; } set { if ((this._Address != value)) this._Address = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_City", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string City { get { return this._City; } set { if ((this._City != value)) this._City = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Region", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string Region { get { return this._Region; } set { if ((this._Region != value)) this._Region = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_PostalCode", DbType = "NVarChar(10)")] public string PostalCode { get { return this._PostalCode; } set { if ((this._PostalCode != value)) this._PostalCode = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Country", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string Country { get { return this._Country; } set { if ((this._Country != value)) this._Country = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Phone", DbType = "NVarChar(24)")] public string Phone { get { return this._Phone; } set { if ((this._Phone != value)) this._Phone = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Fax", DbType = "NVarChar(24)")] public string Fax { get { return this._Fax; } set { if ((this._Fax != value)) this._Fax = value; } } }
PartialCustomersSetResult類 如下:(點擊展開)
代碼在這里展開
public partial class PartialCustomersSetResult { private string _CustomerID; private string _ContactName; private string _CompanyName; public PartialCustomersSetResult() { } [Column(Storage = "_CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5)")] public string CustomerID { get { return this._CustomerID; } set { if ((this._CustomerID != value)) this._CustomerID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ContactName", DbType = "NVarChar(30)")] public string ContactName { get { return this._ContactName; } set { if ((this._ContactName != value)) this._ContactName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_CompanyName", DbType = "NVarChar(40)")] public string CompanyName { get { return this._CompanyName; } set { if ((this._CompanyName != value)) this._CompanyName = value; } } }
這樣就可以使用了,下面代碼直接調用,分別返回各自的結果集合。
//返回全部Customer結果集 IMultipleResults result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(1); IEnumerable shape1 = result.GetResult(); foreach (WholeCustomersSetResult compName in shape1) { Console.WriteLine(compName.CompanyName); } //返回部分Customer結果集 result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(2); IEnumerable shape2 = result.GetResult(); foreach (PartialCustomersSetResult con in shape2) { Console.WriteLine(con.ContactName); }
語句描述:這個實例使用存儲過程返回“WA”地區中的一組客戶。返回的結果集形狀取決于傳入的參數。如果參數等于 1,則返回所有客戶屬性。如果參數等于 2,則返回ContactName屬性。
4.LINQ to SQL存儲過程之多個結果集
這種存儲過程可以生成多個結果形狀,但我們已經知道結果的返回順序。
下面是一個按順序返回多個結果集的存儲過程Get Customer And Orders。 返回顧客ID為"SEVES"的顧客和他們所有的訂單。
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Get Customer And Orders] (@CustomerID nchar(5)) -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; SELECT * FROM Customers AS c WHERE c.CustomerID = @CustomerID SELECT * FROM Orders AS o WHERE o.CustomerID = @CustomerID END拖到設計器代碼如下: [Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")] public ISingleResult Get_Customer_And_Orders([Parameter(Name="CustomerID", DbType="NChar(5)")] string customerID) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID); return ((ISingleResult) (result.ReturnValue)); }同樣,我們要修改自動生成的代碼: [Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")] [ResultType(typeof(CustomerResultSet))] [ResultType(typeof(OrdersResultSet))] public IMultipleResults Get_Customer_And_Orders ([Parameter(Name="CustomerID",DbType="NChar(5)")] string customerID) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID); return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue)); }
同樣,自己手寫類,讓其存儲過程返回各自的結果集。
CustomerResultSet類代碼在這里展開
public partial class CustomerResultSet { private string _CustomerID; private string _CompanyName; private string _ContactName; private string _ContactTitle; private string _Address; private string _City; private string _Region; private string _PostalCode; private string _Country; private string _Phone; private string _Fax; public CustomerResultSet() { } [Column(Storage = "_CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5)")] public string CustomerID { get { return this._CustomerID; } set { if ((this._CustomerID != value)) this._CustomerID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_CompanyName", DbType = "NVarChar(40)")] public string CompanyName { get { return this._CompanyName; } set { if ((this._CompanyName != value)) this._CompanyName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ContactName", DbType = "NVarChar(30)")] public string ContactName { get { return this._ContactName; } set { if ((this._ContactName != value)) this._ContactName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ContactTitle", DbType = "NVarChar(30)")] public string ContactTitle { get { return this._ContactTitle; } set { if ((this._ContactTitle != value)) this._ContactTitle = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Address", DbType = "NVarChar(60)")] public string Address { get { return this._Address; } set { if ((this._Address != value)) this._Address = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_City", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string City { get { return this._City; } set { if ((this._City != value)) this._City = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Region", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string Region { get { return this._Region; } set { if ((this._Region != value)) this._Region = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_PostalCode", DbType = "NVarChar(10)")] public string PostalCode { get { return this._PostalCode; } set { if ((this._PostalCode != value)) this._PostalCode = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Country", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string Country { get { return this._Country; } set { if ((this._Country != value)) this._Country = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Phone", DbType = "NVarChar(24)")] public string Phone { get { return this._Phone; } set { if ((this._Phone != value)) this._Phone = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Fax", DbType = "NVarChar(24)")] public string Fax { get { return this._Fax; } set { if ((this._Fax != value)) this._Fax = value; } } }
OrdersResultSet類 代碼在這里展開
public partial class OrdersResultSet { private System.Nullable<int> _OrderID; private string _CustomerID; private System.Nullable<int> _EmployeeID; private System.Nullable _OrderDate; private System.Nullable _RequiredDate; private System.Nullable _ShippedDate; private System.Nullable<int> _ShipVia; private System.Nullable<decimal> _Freight; private string _ShipName; private string _ShipAddress; private string _ShipCity; private string _ShipRegion; private string _ShipPostalCode; private string _ShipCountry; public OrdersResultSet() { } [Column(Storage = "_OrderID", DbType = "Int")] public System.Nullable<int> OrderID { get { return this._OrderID; } set { if ((this._OrderID != value)) this._OrderID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5)")] public string CustomerID { get { return this._CustomerID; } set { if ((this._CustomerID != value)) this._CustomerID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_EmployeeID", DbType = "Int")] public System.Nullable<int> EmployeeID { get { return this._EmployeeID; } set { if ((this._EmployeeID != value)) this._EmployeeID = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_OrderDate", DbType = "DateTime")] public System.Nullable OrderDate { get { return this._OrderDate; } set { if ((this._OrderDate != value)) this._OrderDate = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_RequiredDate", DbType = "DateTime")] public System.Nullable RequiredDate { get { return this._RequiredDate; } set { if ((this._RequiredDate != value)) this._RequiredDate = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShippedDate", DbType = "DateTime")] public System.Nullable ShippedDate { get { return this._ShippedDate; } set { if ((this._ShippedDate != value)) this._ShippedDate = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipVia", DbType = "Int")] public System.Nullable<int> ShipVia { get { return this._ShipVia; } set { if ((this._ShipVia != value)) this._ShipVia = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_Freight", DbType = "Money")] public System.Nullable<decimal> Freight { get { return this._Freight; } set { if ((this._Freight != value)) this._Freight = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipName", DbType = "NVarChar(40)")] public string ShipName { get { return this._ShipName; } set { if ((this._ShipName != value)) this._ShipName = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipAddress", DbType = "NVarChar(60)")] public string ShipAddress { get { return this._ShipAddress; } set { if ((this._ShipAddress != value)) this._ShipAddress = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipCity", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string ShipCity { get { return this._ShipCity; } set { if ((this._ShipCity != value)) this._ShipCity = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipRegion", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string ShipRegion { get { return this._ShipRegion; } set { if ((this._ShipRegion != value)) this._ShipRegion = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipPostalCode", DbType = "NVarChar(10)")] public string ShipPostalCode { get { return this._ShipPostalCode; } set { if ((this._ShipPostalCode != value)) this._ShipPostalCode = value; } } [Column(Storage = "_ShipCountry", DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] public string ShipCountry { get { return this._ShipCountry; } set { if ((this._ShipCountry != value)) this._ShipCountry = value; } } }
這時,只要調用就可以了。
IMultipleResults result = db.Get_Customer_And_Orders("SEVES"); //返回Customer結果集 IEnumerable customer = result.GetResult(); //返回Orders結果集 IEnumerable orders = result.GetResult(); //在這里,我們讀取CustomerResultSet中的數據 foreach (CustomerResultSet cust in customer) { Console.WriteLine(cust.CustomerID); }
語句描述:這個實例使用存儲過程返回客戶“SEVES”及其所有訂單。
5.LINQ to SQL存儲過程之帶輸出參數
LINQ to SQL 將輸出參數映射到引用參數,并且對于值類型,它將參數聲明為可以為 null。
下面的示例帶有單個輸入參數(客戶 ID)并返回一個輸出參數(該客戶的總銷售額)。
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CustOrderTotal] @CustomerID nchar(5), @TotalSales money OUTPUT AS SELECT @TotalSales = SUM(OD.UNITPRICE*(1-OD.DISCOUNT) * OD.QUANTITY) FROM ORDERS O, "ORDER DETAILS" OD where O.CUSTOMERID = @CustomerID AND O.ORDERID = OD.ORDERID
把這個存儲過程拖到設計器中,
其生成代碼如下:
[Function(Name="dbo.CustOrderTotal")] public int CustOrderTotal( [Parameter(Name="CustomerID", DbType="NChar(5)")]string customerID, [Parameter(Name="TotalSales", DbType="Money")] ref System.Nullable<decimal> totalSales) { IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID, totalSales); totalSales = ((System.Nullable<decimal>) (result.GetParameterValue(1))); return ((int)(result.ReturnValue)); }
我們使用下面的語句調用此存儲過程:注意:輸出參數是按引用傳遞的,以支持參數為“in/out”的方案。在這種情況下,參數僅為“out”。
decimal? totalSales = 0; string customerID = "ALFKI"; db.CustOrderTotal(customerID, ref totalSales); Console.WriteLine("Total Sales for Customer '{0}' = {1:C}", customerID, totalSales);
語句描述:這個實例使用返回 Out 參數的存儲過程。
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“LINQ to SQL存儲過程是怎樣的”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對LINQ to SQL存儲過程是怎樣的這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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