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這篇文章主要為大家展示了“在Linux上如何監視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命”，內容簡而易懂，條理清晰，希望能夠幫助大家解決疑惑，下面讓小編帶領大家一起研究并學習一下“在Linux上如何監視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命”這篇文章吧。
你可以使用 PowerTOP 工具來查看沒有接入電源線時電量都用在了何處。你需要在終端中使用超級用戶權限來運行 PowerTOP 工具。它可以訪問該電池硬件并測量電量使用情況。
PowerTOP 是一個 Linux 工具，用于診斷電量消耗和電源管理的問題。
它是由 Intel 開發的，可以在內核、用戶空間和硬件中啟用各種節電模式。
除了作為一個一個診斷工具之外，PowweTop 還有一個交互模式，可以讓你實驗 Linux 發行版沒有啟用的各種電源管理設置。
它也能監控進程，并展示其中哪個正在使用 CPU，以及從休眠狀態頁將其喚醒，也可以找出電量消耗特別高的應用程序。
PowerTOP 軟件包在大多數發行版的軟件庫中可用，使用發行版的 包管理器 安裝即可。
對于 Fedora 系統，使用 DNF 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。
$ sudo dnf install powertop
對于 Debian/Ubuntu 系統，使用 APT-GET 命令 或 APT 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。
$ sudo apt install powertop
對于基于 Arch Linux 的系統，使用 Pacman 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。
$ sudo pacman -S powertop
對于 RHEL/CentOS 系統，使用 YUM 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。
$ sudo yum install powertop
對于 openSUSE Leap 系統，使用 Zypper 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。
$ sudo zypper install powertop
PowerTOP 需要超級用戶權限，所以在 Linux 系統中以 root 身份運行 PowerTOP 工具。
默認情況下其顯示 “概覽” 頁，在這里我們可以看到所有設備的電量消耗情況，也可以看到系統的喚醒秒數。
$ sudo powertop PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables The battery reports a discharge rate of 12.6 WThe power consumed was 259 JThe estimated remaining time is 1 hours, 52 minutes Summary: 1692.9 wakeups/second, 0.0 GPU ops/seconds, 0.0 VFS ops/sec and 54.9% CPU use Usage Events/s Category Description 9.3 ms/s 529.4 Timer tick_sched_timer 378.5 ms/s 139.8 Process [PID 2991] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 7.5 ms/s 141.7 Timer hrtimer_wakeup 3.3 ms/s 102.7 Process [PID 1527] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window 11.6 ms/s 69.1 Process [PID 1568] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001, 6.2 ms/s 59.0 Process [PID 1496] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window 2.1 ms/s 59.6 Process [PID 2466] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 1.8 ms/s 52.3 Process [PID 2052] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 1.8 ms/s 50.8 Process [PID 3034] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 3.6 ms/s 48.4 Process [PID 3009] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 7.5 ms/s 46.2 Process [PID 2996] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 25.2 ms/s 33.6 Process [PID 1528] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window 5.7 ms/s 32.2 Interrupt [7] sched(softirq) 2.1 ms/s 32.2 Process [PID 1811] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 19.7 ms/s 25.0 Process [PID 1794] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 1.9 ms/s 31.5 Process [PID 1596] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001, 3.1 ms/s 29.9 Process [PID 1535] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window 7.1 ms/s 28.2 Process [PID 1488] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window 1.8 ms/s 29.5 Process [PID 1762] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 8.8 ms/s 23.3 Process [PID 1121] /usr/bin/gnome-shell 1.2 ms/s 21.8 Process [PID 1657] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000 13.3 ms/s 13.9 Process [PID 1746] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00 2.7 ms/s 11.1 Process [PID 3410] /usr/lib/gnome-terminal-server 3.8 ms/s 10.8 Process [PID 1057] /usr/lib/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -nolisten tcp -background none -noreset -keeptty 3.1 ms/s 9.8 Process [PID 1629] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000 0.9 ms/s 6.7 Interrupt [136] xhci_hcd 278.0 us/s 6.4 Process [PID 414] [irq/141-iwlwifi] 128.7 us/s 5.7 Process [PID 1] /sbin/init 118.5 us/s 5.2 Process [PID 10] [rcu_preempt] 49.0 us/s 4.7 Interrupt [0] HI_SOFTIRQ 459.3 us/s 3.1 Interrupt [142] i915 2.1 ms/s 2.3 Process [PID 3451] powertop 8.4 us/s 2.7 kWork intel_atomic_helper_free_state_ 1.2 ms/s 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_commit_work 374.2 us/s 2.1 Interrupt [9] acpi 42.1 us/s 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_cleanup_work 3.5 ms/s 0.25 kWork delayed_fput 238.0 us/s 1.5 Process [PID 907] /usr/lib/upowerd 17.7 us/s 1.5 Timer intel_uncore_fw_release_timer 26.4 us/s 1.4 Process [PID 576] [i915/signal:0] 19.8 us/s 1.3 Timer watchdog_timer_fn 1.1 ms/s 0.00 Process [PID 206] [kworker/7:2] 2.4 ms/s 0.00 Interrupt [1] timer(softirq) 13.4 us/s 0.9 Process [PID 9] [ksoftirqd/0] Exit | / Navigate |
PowerTOP 的輸出類似如上截屏，在你的機器上由于硬件不同會稍有不同。它的顯示有很多頁，你可以使用 Tab 和 Shift+Tab 在它們之間切換。
它會顯示處理器的各種信息。
PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4 | | C0 active 6.7% 7.2% | | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms | | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.6% 0.3 msC2 (pc2) 7.5% | |C3 (pc3) 25.2% | C3 (cc3) 0.7% | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.6% 0.1 msC6 (pc6) 0.0% | C6 (cc6) 7.1% | C6 6.6% 0.5 ms 6.3% 0.5 msC7 (pc7) 0.0% | C7 (cc7) 59.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 msC8 (pc8) 0.0% | | C8 33.9% 1.6 ms 32.3% 1.5 msC9 (pc9) 0.0% | | C9 2.1% 3.4 ms 0.7% 2.8 msC10 (pc10) 0.0% | | C10 39.5% 4.7 ms 41.4% 4.7 ms | Core | CPU 1 CPU 5 | | C0 active 8.3% 7.2% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms | | C1E 1.3% 0.2 ms 1.4% 0.3 ms | | | C3 (cc3) 0.5% | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 6.0% | C6 5.3% 0.5 ms 4.7% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 59.3% | C7s 0.0% 0.8 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms | | C8 27.2% 1.5 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.6% 3.0 ms 0.5% 3.0 ms | | C10 44.5% 4.7 ms 52.2% 4.6 ms | Core | CPU 2 CPU 6 | | C0 active 11.2% 8.4% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1E 1.4% 0.4 ms 1.3% 0.3 ms | | | C3 (cc3) 0.3% | C3 0.2% 0.1 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 4.0% | C6 3.7% 0.5 ms 4.3% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 54.2% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms | | C8 20.0% 1.5 ms 20.7% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.0% 3.4 ms 0.4% 3.8 ms | | C10 48.8% 4.6 ms 52.3% 5.0 ms | Core | CPU 3 CPU 7 | | C0 active 8.8% 8.1% | | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.2% 0.2 ms | | | C3 (cc3) 0.6% | C3 0.6% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 7.0% | C6 7.5% 0.5 ms 4.4% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 56.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.9 ms | | C8 29.4% 1.4 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.1% 2.7 ms 0.7% 3.9 ms | | C10 41.0% 4.0 ms 50.0% 4.8 ms Exit | / Navigate |
它會顯示 CPU 的主頻。
PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4 | | Average 930 MHz 1101 MHzIdle | Idle | Idle | Core | CPU 1 CPU 5 | | Average 1063 MHz 979 MHz | Idle | Idle | Core | CPU 2 CPU 6 | | Average 976 MHz 942 MHz | Idle | Idle | Core | CPU 3 CPU 7 | | Average 924 MHz 957 MHz | Idle | Idle
它僅針對設備顯示其電量使用信息。
PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables The battery reports a discharge rate of 13.8 WThe power consumed was 280 J Usage Device name 46.7% CPU misc 46.7% DRAM 46.7% CPU core 19.0% Display backlight 0.0% Audio codec hwC0D0: Realtek 0.0% USB device: Lenovo EasyCamera (160709000341) 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 100.0% Radio device: iwlwifi 100.0% PCI Device: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers 100.0% USB device: Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] 100.0% Radio device: btusb 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4 100.0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 100.0% PCI Device: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus 26.1 pkts/s Network interface: wlp8s0 (iwlwifi) 0.0% USB device: usb-device-8087-0a2b 0.0% runtime-reg-dummy 0.0% Audio codec hwC0D2: Intel 0.0 pkts/s Network interface: enp9s0 (r8168) 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 0.0% PCI Device: NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M] 0.0% I2C Adapter (i2c-8): nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005 0.0% runtime-PNP0C14:00 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller 0.0% runtime-PNP0C0C:00 0.0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller 0.0% runtime-ACPI000C:00 0.0% runtime-regulatory.0 0.0% runtime-PNP0C14:01 0.0% runtime-vesa-framebuffer.0 0.0% runtime-coretemp.0 0.0% runtime-alarmtimer Exit | / Navigate |
這個頁面是個重要區域，可以為你的筆記本電池優化提供建議。
PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables >> Bad Enable SATA link power management for host2 Bad Enable SATA link power management for host3 Bad Enable SATA link power management for host0 Bad Enable SATA link power management for host1 Bad VM writeback timeout Bad Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 [1-2] Good Bluetooth device interface status Good Enable Audio codec power management Good NMI watchdog should be turned off Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-7 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0002) Good Autosuspend for unknown USB device 1-11 (8087:0a2b) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-3 (i915 gmbus dpd) Good Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo EasyCamera [160709000341] Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-1 (i915 gmbus dpc) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-12 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0009) Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb1] Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-13 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000a) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-2 (i915 gmbus dpb) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-8 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-15 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000c) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-16 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000d) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-5 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0000) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-0 (SMBus I801 adapter at 6040) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-11 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0008) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-14 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000b) Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb2] Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-9 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0006) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-10 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0007) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-6 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0001) Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus Good Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M] Exit | Toggle tunable | Window refresh
運行如下命令生成 PowerTop 的 HTML 報告。
$ sudo powertop --html=powertop.htmlmodprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 100 prior measurementsCannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery onlyRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask fRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask fDevfreq not enabledglob returned GLOB_ABORTEDCannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery onlyPreparing to take measurementsTo show power estimates do 182 measurement(s) connected to battery onlyTaking 1 measurement(s) for a duration of 20 second(s) each.PowerTOP outputing using base filename powertop.html
打開 file:///home/daygeek/powertop.html 文件以訪問生成的 PowerTOP 的 HTML 報告。
這個功能可以將所有可調整選項從 BAD 設置為 GOOD，這可以提升 Linux 中的筆記本電池壽命。
$ sudo powertop --auto-tunemodprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 210 prior measurementsCannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery onlyRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask fRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask fDevfreq not enabledglob returned GLOB_ABORTEDCannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery onlyTo show power estimates do 72 measurement(s) connected to battery onlyLeaving PowerTOP
以上是“在Linux上如何監視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學習更多知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！
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