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實驗課題:搭建LAMP,安裝Nginx,作為代理,將MySQL安裝在單獨的機器,apache負責動態,nginx負責靜態
需求如下:
1. 準備兩臺centos 6,其中一臺機器跑mysql,另外一臺機器跑apache和nginx + php
2. 同時安裝apache和nginx,其中nginx啟動80端口,用來跑靜態對象(圖片、js、css),apache監聽88端口,負責跑動態頁(php相關的),并且需要由nginx代理對外訪問
3. mysql服務器需要開啟慢查詢日志
4. 搭建discuz、wordpress以及phpmyadmin,域名分別為bbs.xin.com, blog.xin.com, pma.xin.com
5. 配置discuz的偽靜態(nginx)
6. apache不需要記錄日志,nginx記錄日志,但不記錄圖片等靜態頁的日志,并且配置日志切割
7. 配置圖片防盜鏈(nginx)
8. 配置圖片緩存7天,js,css緩存1天(nginx)
9. discuz和wordpress訪問后臺限制一下ip白名單,比如只允許192.168.244.1訪問(nginx)
10. phpmyadmin整個站點需要配置用戶認證(nginx)
11. 寫一個mysql備份的腳本,每天5點執行,需要遠程拷貝到web機器上
12. 把除了百度、google外的其他常見搜索引擎蜘蛛封掉,比如(bingbot/2.0、Sogou web spider/4.0、360Spider、YisouSpider、YandexBot/3.0)(nginx)
大家好,里面的圖片僅供參考,只是一種思路,不要照搬!!
實驗環境:
1、VMware Workstation 12
2、設備A:MySQL,IP地址:192.168.244.146,Host:mysql-m
3、設備B:Nginx+Apache+PHP,IP地址:192.168.244.139,Host:lanmp 真機:192.168.244.1
4、Linux發行版:Centos 6.7 x86-64;
5、Nginx:http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz
6、Apache:http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
7、PHP:http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.21.tar.gz
8、MySQL:http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
9、discuz:http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.2/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
10、wordpress:https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
11、phpmyadmin:https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.6.2/phpMyAdmin-4.6.2-all-languages.zip
12、pcre: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre2/10.20/pcre2-10.20.tar.gz
13、apr: http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
14、apr-util : http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
實驗準備:
1 ,安裝依賴包
yum -y install ntp make openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel libpng libpng-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-6b libjpeg-devel-6b freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel fontconfig-devel zlib zlib-devel libevent-devel gcc gcc-c++ flex bison bzip2 bzip2-devel libXpm libXpm-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel imake autoconf automake screen sysstat compat-libstdc++-33 curl curl-devel
2、分別在設備A和B中下載各個軟件;
A,下載mysql
#wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
B,下載
# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.21.tar.gz
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz
# wget http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.2/Discuz_X3.2_TC_UTF8.zip
# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.6.2/phpMyAdmin-4.6.2-all-languages.zip
3、更新系統時間;
# crontab -e
*/30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate tiger.sina.com.cn > /dev/dull 2>1&
4、清空Iptables,關閉Selinux,或者添加數據庫和網站的訪問權限。
# chkconfig iptables off
# chkconfig ip6tables off
# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
# /etc/init.d/ip6tables stop
# sed -i "s/LINUX=.*/LINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
# reboot (shutdown -h now)
實驗步驟:
設備A:mysql
參考文檔(mysql 5-5 )
# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel wget
# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# mkdir -p /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.49
#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
# make && make install
# cd /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
找到basedir,datadir將相對應的安裝目錄和數據目錄添加
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# ps aux |grep mysql
# netstat -lnp |grep 3306
# mysql -uroot -p <輸入你的mysql登錄密碼,默認為空>
# create database discuz;
# create database wordpress;
# grant all on *.* to 'discuz'@'192.168.244.139' identified by 'discuz';
# quit
參考:
### grant all on *.* to '用戶名字'@'web服務器ip地址' identified by '用戶密碼';
設備B:lanmp
一、安裝Apache
參考文檔 ( KVM )
# cd /usr/local/src/
#wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
#wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
#wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# tar zxvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.18
# cp -r apr-1.5.2 httpd-2.4.18/srclib/apr
# cp -r apr-util-1.5.4 httpd-2.4.18/srclib/apr-util
# cd httpd-2.4.18
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --with-included-apr --enable-so --enable-deflate=shared --enable-expires=shared --enable-rewrite=shared
# make && make install && echo $?
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
#echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.local
#vim /etc/profile.d/path.sh
#!/bin/bash
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache2/bin
#source /etc/profile.d/path.sh
#apachectl -t (檢查語法)
#apachectl restart
二、安裝PHP
#wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.6.21.tar.gz
#tar zxvf php-5.6.21.tar.gz
#cd php-5.6.21
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-bz2 --with-openssl --with-mcrpt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-exif --disable-ipv6
### 傳統的安裝php的方式中,我們在編譯PHP時,一般需要指定以下幾項:
### --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
### --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
### 這實際上使用了mysql官方自帶的libmysql驅動, 這是比較老的驅動, PHP 5.3開始已經
### 不建 議使用它了, 而建議使用mysqlnd.
### mysqlnd內置于PHP源代碼,故你在編譯安裝php時就不需要預先安裝mysql server也
### 可以提供mysql client API (mysql_connect, pdo , mysqli), 這將減化一些工作量.
# make && make install && echo $?
# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.21/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
三、配置PHP和Apache結合
#vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
修改內容如下圖:
修改前:
修改后:
修改前:
修改后:
修改前:
修改后:
查看是否存在modules/libphp5.so
測試LAMP環境:在瀏覽器訪問192.168.244.139,如果顯示IT Works!表示LAMP環境搭建成功
四、discuz、wordpress、phpmyadmin配置
# mkdir -p /date/{discuz,blog,pma}
1 配置discuz
# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
# mv upload/* /date/discuz
2 配置wordpress
# tar zxvf wordpress-4.2.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
# mv wordpress/* /date/blog/
3 配置phpmyadmin
# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.4.13.1-all-languages.zip
# mv phpMyAdmin-4.4.13.1-all-languages/* /date/pma/
打開虛擬主機配置文件
修改前:
修改后:
# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:88>
DocumentRoot "/date/discuz/"
ServerName bbs.xin.com
ErrorLog "logs/bbs.xin.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/bbs.xin.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:88>
DocumentRoot "/date/blog/"
ServerName blog.xin.com
ErrorLog "logs/blog.xin.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/blog.xin.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
lHost *:88>
DocumentRoot "/date/pma/"
ServerName pma.xin.com
ErrorLog "logs/pma.xin.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/pma.xin.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
如下圖:
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t (apachectl -t)
檢測語法
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful (apachectl graceful)
加載配置文件
# netstat -lnp |grep 88
檢查88端口是否監聽
在真機win上的host文件里綁定ip和虛擬主機域名(host文件路徑:C/windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts
192.168.244.4 bbs.xin.com blog.xin.com pma.xin.com
安裝discuz
在瀏覽器訪問bbs.abc.com:88/install/,會出現discuz圖形安裝界面,點我同意,出現很多目錄不可寫,為啥不可寫呢?因為ps aux |grep httpd,httpd是以daemon用戶運行。所以需要把discuz中不可寫的目錄的屬主和屬組改成daemon,chown -R daemon:daemon /date/discuz
回到瀏覽器刷新,下一步,再全新安裝discuz
在mysql中創建discuz庫并授權一個用戶
mysql> create database discuz;
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'discuz'@'192.168.244.139' identified by 'discuz';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
回到discuz瀏覽器,數據庫名為discuz,數據庫用戶名為discuz,數據庫密碼discuz,
到此discuz論壇安裝完畢
安裝wordpress
在瀏覽器中訪問blog.xin.com:88進行安裝
點提交:
根據錯誤提示,在blog目錄下創建wp-config.php然后把瀏覽器中方框內信息拷貝至wp-config.php文件
然后點擊進行安裝
點擊登陸,后面輸入剛才設置的用戶名和密碼 登陸就可以了
安裝phpmyadmin
#cd /date/pma
#cp libraries/config.default.php config.inc.php
#vim config.inc.php
更改內容如下:
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root'; ###數據庫的用戶名root
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'yourrootpassword'; ###數據庫的root密碼
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'yourdbip'; ###數據庫的ip地址
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config';###認證模式把cookie改成config
數據庫服務器執行下面命令
#mysql -uroot password 'phpadmin'
#mysql -uroot -pphpadmin
>grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.244.139' identified by 'phpadmin';
四、安裝nginx
參考文檔(nginx)
配置nginx
# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status'
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
通過上圖可以得到,nginx也支持虛擬主機,下面我們創建虛擬主機
# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
# touch bbs.conf blog.conf pma.conf
配置bbs.conf
#vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/bbs.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.xin.com;
index index.html index.php;
root /date/discuz;
if ($http_user_agent ~'bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato|Gecko/20100315')
{
return 403;
}
location ~ admin.php {
allow 192.168.244.1;
deny all;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 24h;
access_log off;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
expires 7d;
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ;
if ($invalid_referer)
{
return 403;
#rewrite ^/ http://www.xin.com/nophoto.gif;
}
access_log off;
}
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;
access_log /home/logs/discuz.log combined_realip;
}
圖片錯誤提示:root /date/bbs 改成 /date/discuz
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
# service nginx configtest
檢查語法
在瀏覽器訪問:bbs.xin.com,是可以訪問的
配置blog.conf
# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/blog.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.xin.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /date/blog;
location /wp-admin/ {
allow 192.168.244.1;
deny all;
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
# service nginx configtest
檢查語法
在瀏覽器訪問:blog.xin.com,是可以訪問的,自動跳轉到blog.xin.com:88
配置pma.conf
# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/pma.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name pma.xin.com;
index index.html index.php;
root /date/pma;
location / {
auth_basic "Auth";
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
}
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
# service nginx configtest
檢查語法
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