oracle 11g DG 搭建

groupadd oinstall 

groupadd dba 

groupadd oper 

groupadd asmadmin 

groupadd asmdba 

groupadd asmoper 

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,asmadmin,asmoper grid 

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle

passwd  grid 

passwd  oracle 

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid 

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid 

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle 

chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid 

chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid 

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle 

chmod -R 775 /u01/ 

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

sed -i 's/kernel.shmmax/#kernel.shmmax/g' /etc/sysctl.conf 

sed -i 's/kernel.shmall/#kernel.shmall/g' /etc/sysctl.conf 

vi /etc/sysctl.conf 

添加以下內容：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 

fs.file-max = 6815744 

kernel.shmall = 2097152 

kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 

kernel.shmmni = 4096 

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 

net.core.rmem_default = 262144 

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 

net.core.wmem_default = 262144 

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 

sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 

添加如下內容：

oracle soft nproc 2047 

oracle hard nproc 16384 

oracle soft nofile 1024 

oracle hard nofile 65536 

oracle soft stack 10240 

grid soft nproc 2047 

grid hard nproc 16384 

grid soft nofile 1024 

grid hard nofile 65536 

grid soft stack 10240

vi /etc/profile 寫入如下內容：

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

export PATH=$PATH:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin

配置節點rac1

grid 用戶：

vi .bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=

export ORACLE_SID=

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

oracle用戶：

vi .bash_profile

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=

export ORACLE_SID=

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

1.分別安裝完數據庫軟件

2.主庫dbca建庫

3.主備分別netca

4.主庫執行：

select * from v$option where parameter = 'Managed Standby';

archive log list

alter database force logging; 

alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo04.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo05.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo06.log') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redo07.log') size 50m;

create pfile from spfile;

show parameter name;

alter system set db_unique_name='ora11g_primary' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(ora11g_primary,ora11g_standby)';

create pfile from spfile;

shutdown immediate;

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

查看initora11g.org   db_unique_name='ora11g_primary'是否有

startup;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=ora11g_primary';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=ora11g_standby LGWR SYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,primary_role) db_unique_name=ora11g_standby';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';

alter system set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE='EXCLUSIVE' scope=spfile;

alter system set FAL_SERVER='ora11g_standby' scope=spfile;

alter system set FAL_client='ora11g_primary' scope=spfile;

alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO' scope=spfile;

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/archivelog

create pfile from spfile;

shutdown immediate；

驗證參數是否都在

startup mount;

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/standby_ctl02.ctl';

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

vim listener.ora

添加

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

     (SID_NAME = ora11g)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = cbfdb1)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

vim tnsnames.ora

ORA11G_PRIMARY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

    )

  )

ORA11G_STANDBY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

    )

  )

關閉主數據庫

SQL>shutdown immediate

生成spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

5.在備庫段執行：

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora11g 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/adump 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/bdump 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/cdump 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/dpdump 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/pfile 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ora11g/udump 

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G

 mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/archivelog

下面的幾個scp 在主庫執行

scp -r $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora11g/*.dbf 192.168.0.2:/$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora11g

scp -r $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/*.log 192.168.0.2:/$ORACLE_BASE/oradata

scp -r /u01/standby_ctl01.ctl 192.168.0.2:/$ORACLE_BASE/oradata

scp -r $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initora11g.ora 192.168.0.2: $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

scp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwora11g  192.168.0.2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/

$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ora11g

$ mv standby_ctl01.ctl  control01.ctl

$ cp control01.ctl control02.ctl

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

修改initora11g.ora

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora11g_standby 

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora11g_standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ora11g_primary LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ora11g_primary'

FAL_SERVER=ora11g_primary

FAL_CLIENT=ora11g_standby

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

vim listener.ora

添加

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

     (SID_NAME = ora11g)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

    )

  )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = cbfdb2)(PORT = 1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

vim tnsnames.ora

ORA11G_PRIMARY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

    )

  )

ORA11G_STANDBY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.2)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)

    )

  )

startup nomount

alter database mount standby database;

主庫執行：

startup mount

alter database set standby database to maximize  availability;     (設置為最高可用性模式)

alter database open;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

＃執行此命令后，備庫會切換到自動恢復模式

一、功能切換

Switchover狀態切換

首先在primary上操作：

(1).驗證主庫是否能執行角色轉換到備庫（原主庫執行）

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

        SWITCHOVER_STATUS 

        ----------------- 

        TO STANDBY 

        1 row selected

(2)開始把物理主庫改變為物理備庫（原主庫執行）

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;

或

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY with session shutdown;

注：如果有活動的session可以使用此選項，否則轉換會遇到ORA-01093錯誤，也可以殺掉活動會話或等活動會話后進行轉換 

(3).關閉并重啟主庫（原主庫執行）

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup nomount

SQL> alter database mount standby database; #讓備庫處于standby

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; #開始實時同步

然后在standby上操作：

(1).驗證備庫是否能執行角色轉換到主庫（原備庫執行）

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE; 

SWITCHOVER_STATUS 

----------------- 

TO_PRIMARY 

1 row selected 

(2).開始把物理備庫轉換成物理主庫（原備庫執行）

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

 --如果報ORA-16139: media recovery required，可能是由于未應用日志引起，可先執行

ALTER  DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY  DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

(3)打開備庫，然后關閉重啟.（原備庫執行）

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP;

(4)驗證是否轉換成功（原備庫執行）

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

啟動日志應用

(5)  應用歸檔日志（原主庫上執行)

 SQL> ALTER  DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

小竅門：要想順利的實現switchover，最好在每臺server上都同時設置好primary和standby的一些初始化參數，雖然其中一些參數只有在primary或者standby其中之一上起作用。

4、啟動和關閉順序

啟動順序

(1).啟從、主庫的監聽Listener

從庫DG-Standby：

$lsnrctl start

主庫DG-Primary：

$lsnrctl start

(2).啟動備庫數據庫，執行如下：

$sqlplus /nolog

SQL>conn /as sysdba

SQL> startup nomount

SQL> alter database mount standby database;               #讓備庫處于standby

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; #開始實時同步

(3).啟動主庫

$sqlplus /nolog

SQL>conn /as sysdba

SQL> startup

切換standby database到read only模式

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;    #首先取消備庫的自動恢復模式

SQL>alter database open read only;

如果要切換回recover manage模式（啟動日志應用或者啟動日志實時應用）

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 啟動日志應用

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 啟動日志實時應用

(3).啟動主庫數據庫(上述第二步執行完畢后，方可執行如下命令)：

SQL>startup

關閉順序

關閉的時候正好相反，先關閉主庫，然后關閉從庫。

(1).  關閉主庫

$su – oracle

SQL>sqlplus /nolog

SQL>conn /as sysdba

SQL>shutdown immediate;

(2). 關閉從庫

su – oracle

SQL>sqlplus /nolog

SQL>conn /as sysdba

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;     #停止同步

SQL>shutdown immediate

應急切換

（注：模擬主庫由于故障無法正常switchover，需要執行failover，強制備庫->pridb并接管業務）

(1).備庫：

由于是failover，所以理解主庫這時候已經無法正常使用，只需備庫切換至pridb

停止應用恢復模式

alter database recover managed standby database finish;

轉換standbydb為primary db

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

重啟數據庫，恢復正常業務

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup

select open_mode,database_role from v$database;

OPEN_MODE       DATABASE_ROLE

----------             ----------------

OPEN                 PRIMARY

注:failover將破壞dataguard模式,需要重新配置dataguard，網上也說不需要配置，但是還沒有測試成功

select dbid,name,protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;