Oracle數據庫的冷備

  
  
  1.編寫備份腳本
通過操作系統的命令來實現的備份機制：cp、scp

1.1查詢所有的文件所在位置（數據文件，控制文件，參數文件，重做日志文件，密碼文件）

SYS@orcl11g> select name from v$datafile
  2  union
  3  select name from v$controlfile
  4  union
  5  select member from v$logfile;

1.2創建備份的路徑

	SYS@orcl11g> host mkdir /u01/app/backup
	
1.3通過select語句構建拷貝腳本

	SYS@orcl11g> set trim on  		截取掉不必要的空格
	SYS@orcl11g> set trims on  		每個行的空格
	SYS@orcl11g> set heading off		去掉標題
	SYS@orcl11g> set echo off    		去掉反饋
	SYS@orcl11g> set feedback off	去掉回顯
	SYS@orcl11g> set term off    		關閉終端信息

	SYS@orcl11g> spool /home/oracle/cp.sql
	
	SYS@orcl11g>select  'cp '||name||' /u01/app/backup' from v$datafile				
			    	union
				select  'cp ' ||name|| ' /u01/app/backup' from v$controlfile
			    	union
			    	select  'cp '||member||' /u01/app/backup' from v$logfile
	+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
		SYS@orcl11g> select 'cp ' || name || ' /u01/app/backup/' from v$datafile;			--只備份數據文件
	+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
	cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/example01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf /home/backup

	[oracle@db253 ~]$ spool off
	[oracle@db253 ~]$ vi cp.sql 
	[oracle@db253 ~]$ cat cp.sql 
	cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/control01.ctl /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/example01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf /home/backup
	cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf /home/backup

	[oracle@db253 ~]$ chmod +x cp.sql

awk構建命令：
ls -lSr /test | awk '{print "mv " $NF" /tmp/test/t"NR".conf"}' | bash

2.停止數據庫
sql> shutdown immediate;

3.拷貝數據文件
[oracle@db253 ~]$ /home/oracle/cp.sql	--執行腳本

4.開啟數據庫
sql> startup;