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LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（邏輯卷管理）的簡寫，它由Heinz Mauelshagen在Linux 2.4內核上實現。LVM將一個或多個硬盤的分區在邏輯上集合，相當于一個大硬盤來使用，當硬盤的空間不夠使用的時候，可以繼續將其它的硬盤的分區加入其中，這樣可以實現磁盤空間的動態管理，相對于普通的磁盤分區有很大的靈活性。
與傳統的磁盤與分區相比，LVM為計算機提供了更高層次的磁盤存儲。它使系統管理員可以更方便的為應用與用戶分配存儲空間。在LVM管理下的存儲卷可以按需要隨時改變大小與移除（可能需對文件系統工具進行升級）。LVM也允許按用戶組對存儲卷進行管理，允許管理員用更直觀的名稱（如“sales”、“development” ）代替物理磁盤名（如“sda”、“sdb”）來標識存儲卷。
如圖所示LVM模型：
由四個磁盤分區可以組成一個很大的空間，然后在這些空間上劃分一些邏輯分區，當一個邏輯分區的空間不夠用的時候，可以從剩余空間上劃分一些空間給空間不夠用的分區使用。
前面談到，LVM是在磁盤分區和文件系統之間添加的一個邏輯層，來為文件系統屏蔽下層磁盤分區布局，提供一個抽象的盤卷，在盤卷上建立文件系統。首先我們討論以下幾個LVM術語：
物理存儲介質（The physical media）：這里指系統的存儲設備：硬盤，如：/dev/hda1、/dev/sda等等，是存儲系統最低層的存儲單元。
物理卷（Physical Volume）：物理卷就是指硬盤分區或從邏輯上與磁盤分區具有同樣功能的設備(如RAID)，是LVM的基本存儲邏輯塊，但和基本的物理存儲介質（如分區、磁盤等）比較，卻包含有與LVM相關的管理參數。
卷組（Volume Group）：LVM卷組類似于非LVM系統中的物理硬盤，其由物理卷組成。可以在卷組上創建一個或多個“LVM分區”（邏輯卷），LVM卷組由一個或多個物理卷組成。
邏輯卷（Logical Volume）：LVM的邏輯卷類似于非LVM系統中的硬盤分區，在邏輯卷之上可以建立文件系統(比如/home或者/usr等)。
PE（Physical Extent）：每一個物理卷被劃分為稱為PE(Physical Extents)的基本單元，具有唯一編號的PE是可以被LVM尋址的最小單元。PE的大小是可配置的，默認為4MB。
LE（Logical Extent）：邏輯卷也被劃分為被稱為LE(Logical Extents) 的可被尋址的基本單位。在同一個卷組中，LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一對應。
簡單來說就是：
PV：是物理的磁盤分區
VG：LVM中的物理的磁盤分區，也就是PV，必須加入VG，可以將VG理解為一個倉庫或者是幾個大的硬盤。
LV：也就是從VG中劃分的邏輯分區
如下圖所示PV、VG、LV三者關系：
首先確定系統中是否安裝了lvm工具：
[root@rhel65 ~]# rpm -qa | grep lvm
mesa-private-llvm-3.3-0.3.rc3.el6.x86_64
lvm2-libs-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64
如果命令結果輸入類似于上例，那么說明系統已經安裝了LVM管理工具；如果命令沒有輸出則說明沒有安裝LVM管理工具，則需要從網絡下載或者從光盤裝LVM rpm工具包。
要創建一個LVM系統，一般需要經過以下步驟：
1、創建分區
使用分區工具（如：fdisk等）創建LVM分區，方法和創建其他一般分區的方式是一樣的，區別僅僅是LVM的分區類型為8e。
[root@rhel65 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000059fe
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 502 20480 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
使用fdisk創建分區，根據設備文件的絕對路徑（/dev/hda）進入分區管理
[root@rhel65 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4849a8f8.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-51200, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-51200, default 51200): +10G
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4849a8f8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 10241 10486768 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@rhel65 ~]# partprobe
[root@rhel65 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 256 blocks unused.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe blocks
656640 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131084 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
一定要指定分區的格式為8e，這是LVM的分區格式
2、創建PV
[root@rhel65 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000059fe
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 502 20480 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4849a8f8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 10241 10486768 8e Linux LVM
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID ISzl0X-XuA1-aG63-IdZH-HqKS-XuRm-DrzKM8
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID ISzl0X-XuA1-aG63-IdZH-HqKS-XuRm-DrzKM8
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 67HlFe-THuW-GtNS-Hih2-chFP-3tP9-brczra
3、創建VG
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 19.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID brWwTY-jesr-1lZw-lRfy-ZL7h-0nb4-3fRzgl
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgcreate VolGroup00 /dev/sdb1
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully created
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 10.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID IA2LQx-Jljz-nGhg-VtHj-t52q-URmK-u9LV0Z
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 19.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID brWwTY-jesr-1lZw-lRfy-ZL7h-0nb4-3fRzgl
創建完成VG之后，才能從VG中劃分一個LV。
4、創建LV
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID swKZLT-Cm7C-kkNH-AUGe-N9WY-q2bD-l9imoi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:21 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID QGLb0h-Qtfe-yxzY-kLah-qnwX-FN7n-lIjxdW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n lv_backup VolGroup00
Logical volume "lv_backup" created
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
LV Name lv_backup
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID hMOdIa-WZUL-ZGqQ-m5Jj-DrCf-KiPM-FNJRds
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65.kely.com, 2014-05-16 06:53:39 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID swKZLT-Cm7C-kkNH-AUGe-N9WY-q2bD-l9imoi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:21 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID QGLb0h-Qtfe-yxzY-kLah-qnwX-FN7n-lIjxdW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
創建了一個名字為lv_backup，容量大小是5G的分區，其中：-L：指定LV的大小 -n：指定LV的名。VolGroup00：表示從這個VG中劃分LV。
5、LV格式化及掛載
下一步需要對LV進行格式化（使用mksf進行格式化操作），然后LV才能存儲資料
[root@rhel65 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@rhel65 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
[root@rhel65 ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@rhel65 ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup /backup/
[root@rhel65 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_backup 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /backup
將格式化后的LV分區掛載到指定的目錄下，就可以像普通目錄一樣存儲數據了
掛載之后，可以看到此LV的容量。
如果要在系統啟動的時候啟動LV，最好是將lv_backup寫入fstable 文件中，如下所示：
[root@rhel65 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon May 12 03:15:06 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=374c9216-76f4-4e4b-a7a7-d7ecdd1d3740 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_backup /backup ext4 defaults 0 0
使用Vim編輯器，打開/etc/fstab，在最后一行添加如上所示，其中/dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup指定需要掛載的分區LV，/root/test指定要掛載的目錄（掛載點），ext4分區文件系統格式，其它使用默認即可
1、創建分區：
[root@rhel65 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000059fe
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 502 20480 20458496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4849a8f8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 10241 10486768 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_backup: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@rhel65 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (10242-51200, default 10242):
Using default value 10242
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (10242-51200, default 51200): +10G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4849a8f8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 10241 10486768 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 10242 20482 10486784 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@rhel65 ~]# partprobe
[root@rhel65 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 256 blocks unused.
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe blocks
656640 inodes, 2621440 blocks
131084 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@rhel65 ~]# partx /dev/sdb
# 1: 32- 20973567 ( 20973536 sectors, 10738 MB)
# 2: 20973568- 41947135 ( 20973568 sectors, 10738 MB)
# 3: 0- -1 ( 0 sectors, 0 MB)
# 4: 0- -1 ( 0 sectors, 0 MB)
2、創建PV
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name VolGroup00
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 1279
Allocated PE 1280
PV UUID 67HlFe-THuW-GtNS-Hih2-chFP-3tP9-brczra
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID ISzl0X-XuA1-aG63-IdZH-HqKS-XuRm-DrzKM8
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
[root@rhel65 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name VolGroup00
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 1279
Allocated PE 1280
PV UUID 67HlFe-THuW-GtNS-Hih2-chFP-3tP9-brczra
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name VolGroup
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID ISzl0X-XuA1-aG63-IdZH-HqKS-XuRm-DrzKM8
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 4negrT-RwR2-AQoZ-33GH-9JzD-Qftw-eCbmll
3、擴展VG
將/dev/sdb2添加到VolGroup00中。
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 10.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Alloc PE / Size 1280 / 5.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 1279 / 5.00 GiB
VG UUID IA2LQx-Jljz-nGhg-VtHj-t52q-URmK-u9LV0Z
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 19.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID brWwTY-jesr-1lZw-lRfy-ZL7h-0nb4-3fRzgl
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@rhel65 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 20.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 5119
Alloc PE / Size 1280 / 5.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 3839 / 15.00 GiB
VG UUID IA2LQx-Jljz-nGhg-VtHj-t52q-URmK-u9LV0Z
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 19.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID brWwTY-jesr-1lZw-lRfy-ZL7h-0nb4-3fRzgl
4、擴展LV
給lv_backup增加1G空間，擴展到6G。
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
LV Name lv_backup
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID hMOdIa-WZUL-ZGqQ-m5Jj-DrCf-KiPM-FNJRds
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65.kely.com, 2014-05-16 06:53:39 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID swKZLT-Cm7C-kkNH-AUGe-N9WY-q2bD-l9imoi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:21 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID QGLb0h-Qtfe-yxzY-kLah-qnwX-FN7n-lIjxdW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhel65 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_backup 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /backup
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
Extending logical volume lv_backup to 6.00 GiB
Logical volume lv_backup successfully resized
[root@rhel65 ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup is mounted on /backup; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup to 1572864 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup is now 1572864 blocks long.
[root@rhel65 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup00/lv_backup
LV Name lv_backup
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID hMOdIa-WZUL-ZGqQ-m5Jj-DrCf-KiPM-FNJRds
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel65.kely.com, 2014-05-16 06:53:39 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 6.00 GiB
Current LE 1536
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID swKZLT-Cm7C-kkNH-AUGe-N9WY-q2bD-l9imoi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:21 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.51 GiB
Current LE 4482
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name VolGroup
LV UUID QGLb0h-Qtfe-yxzY-kLah-qnwX-FN7n-lIjxdW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-05-12 03:14:37 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhel65 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 3.0G 14G 19% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lv_backup 6.0G 138M 5.5G 3% /backup
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