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從Oracle8開始，提供了從分區交換的功能，如一個分區或子分區與一個非分區表交換、一個hash分區與另一個表的hash子分區交換等等，詳細的交換方式可以參考官方文檔。
基本語法：ALTER TABLE...EXCHANGE PARTITION
實驗環境：11.2.0.4
zx@ORCL>select * from v$version; BANNER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
一、測試分區交換
創建測試表
--分區表
zx@ORCL>create table t1
2 ( id number(2),
3 name varchar2(15))
4 tablespace tt
5 partition by range (id)
6 (partition p1 values less than (10),
7 partition p2 values less than (20),
8 partition p3 values less than (30));
Table created.
--非分區表
zx@ORCL>create table t2 (id number(2), name varchar2(15)) tablespace users;
Table created.
--插入測試數據
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (1, '1');
1 row created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (11, '11');
1 row created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t1 values (21, '21');
1 row created.
zx@ORCL>insert into t2 values (2, '2');
1 row created.
zx@ORCL>commit;
Commit complete.
zx@ORCL>select * from t1;
ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------
1 1
11 11
21 21
zx@ORCL>select * from t2;
ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------
2 2
--查看表存儲表空間
--t2在USERS表空間，t1各個分區都在TT表空間
zx@ORCL>col segment_name for a20
zx@ORCL>col partition_name for a15
zx@ORCL>col tablespace_name for a15
zx@ORCL>select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where segment_name in ('T1','T2');
SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
T2 USERS
T1 P3 TT
T1 P2 TT
T1 P1 TT
--查看各表的extent信息
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T2';
SEGMENT_NAME BLOCK_ID BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T2 192 8 USERS
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T1';
SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME BLOCK_ID BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T1 P2 21376 1024 TT
T1 P3 22400 1024 TT
T1 P1 20352 1024 TTt1分區p1與t2表交換分區
--分區 zx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2; Table altered. zx@ORCL>select * from t2; ID NAME ---------- --------------------------------------------- 1 1 zx@ORCL>select * from t1; ID NAME ---------- --------------------------------------------- 2 2 11 11 21 21
可以看到p1分區里的數據交換到了t2表里，而t2表里里的數據也存儲到了t1表中。再次查看各表所在的表空間和extent
--查看表空間
zx@ORCL>select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments where segment_name in ('T1','T2');
SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------------
T2 TT
T1 P3 TT
T1 P2 TT
T1 P1 USERS
--查看extent
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T2';
SEGMENT_NAME BLOCK_ID BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T2 20352 1024 TT
zx@ORCL>select SEGMENT_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_extents where segment_name='T1';
SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME BLOCK_ID BLOCKS TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
T1 P1 192 8 USERS
T1 P2 21376 1024 TT
T1 P3 22400 1024 TT從結果看到T2已經到了TT表空間，而T1的P1分區移動到了USERS表空間，而且P1分區與T2表的extent也做了交換，可以推斷實際表里的數據沒有移動位置，只是把數據字典里的相關信息做了更換。
二、再看看交換分區對于分區表的索引的影響
在分區表中創建索引
--全局索引 zx@ORCL>create index idx_t1_id on t1(id) ; Index created. --分區索引 zx@ORCL>create index idx_t1_name on t1(name) local; Index created. zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ IDX_T1_ID VALID IDX_T1_NAME N/A zx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME P1 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P2 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P3 USABLE
交換分區查看是否對索引有影響
zx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2; Table altered. zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME N/A IDX_T1_ID UNUSABLE zx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME P1 UNUSABLE IDX_T1_NAME P2 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P3 USABLE
看到全局索引IDX_T1_ID失效了，分區P1對應的分區索引也失效了，但其他分區的分區沒有受到影響
交換分區時加入 UPDATE INDEXES子句
zx@ORCL>alter index idx_t1_id rebuild; Index altered. zx@ORCL>alter index idx_t1_name rebuild partition p1; Index altered. zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME N/A IDX_T1_ID VALID zx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME P1 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P2 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P3 USABLE zx@ORCL>alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t2 update indexes ; Table altered. zx@ORCL>select index_name,status from user_indexes where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME N/A IDX_T1_ID VALID zx@ORCL>select index_name,partition_name,status from user_ind_partitions where index_name like 'IDX_T1%'; INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------ IDX_T1_NAME P1 UNUSABLE IDX_T1_NAME P2 USABLE IDX_T1_NAME P3 USABLE
可以看到全局索引沒有受影響，但是分區索引仍然失效。
更多信息參考官方文檔：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25523/part_admin002.htm#i1107555
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