?Oracle數據庫執行過程的問題怎么修復

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運行過程中故障

在運行過程中的oracle故障，壞塊和文件異常刪除出現的比較多，特別是初級DBA剛剛上手的時候。我們先來模擬一下這個場景。

Undo表空間是Oracle核心表空間之一，刪除之后會引起比較嚴重的問題故障。

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1';

FILE_NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf

當前數據庫處在Open運行狀態，突然Undo文件被后OS層面刪除。

[oracle@bspdev datafile]$ ls -l | grep undo

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 346038272 Sep  6 07:21 o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf

[oracle@bspdev datafile]$ mv o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf.bak

[oracle@bspdev datafile]$ ls -l | grep undo

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 346038272 Sep  6 07:21 o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf.bak

此時，alert log中可以出現上篇中那個“checker”的工作過程。

Fri Sep 06 07:25:47 2013

Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures

Fri Sep 06 07:26:34 2013

Starting background process SMCO

Fri Sep 06 07:26:34 2013

SMCO started with pid=19, OS id=4819

Fri Sep 06 07:26:46 2013

Errors in file /u01/diag/rdbms/wilson/wilson/trace/wilson_mmnl_4418.trc:

ORA-01116: error in opening database file 3

ORA-01110: data file 3: '/u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

Fri Sep 06 07:26:48 2013

Errors in file /u01/diag/rdbms/wilson/wilson/trace/wilson_m000_4835.trc:

ORA-01116: error in opening database file 3

ORA-01110: data file 3: '/u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

差不多兩秒鐘報一個錯誤，發現文件被刪除無法打開。

此時，我們在rman上使用list failure命令，查看生成的錯誤信息。

RMAN> list failure all;

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

242        HIGH     OPEN      06-SEP-13     One or more non-system datafiles are missing

我們使用advisor failure，查看一個Oracle的建議。

RMAN> advise failure ;

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

242        HIGH     OPEN      06-SEP-13     One or more non-system datafiles are missing

analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=30 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

1. If file /u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it

2. Automatic repairs may be available if you shutdown the database and restart it in mount mode

3. Contact Oracle Support Services if the preceding recommendations cannot be used, or if they do not fix the failures selected for repair

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

no manual actions available

Automated Repair Options

========================

no automatic repair options available 

注意，在automated repair options中，我們沒有看到腳本信息。說明Oracle好像在目前也沒有太好的方法。在Manual Actions中，Oracle DRA要求將數據庫重啟到mount狀態，才能有自動腳本的出現。Manual Actions是那些Oracle覺得需要用戶手工執行才能繼續下去的步驟。

重新啟動一下庫，加載到mount狀態。

--強制關閉

RMAN> shutdown abort;

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup mount;

connected to target database (not started)

Oracle instance started

database mounted

Total System Global Area     849530880 bytes

Fixed Size                     1339824 bytes

Variable Size                616566352 bytes

Database Buffers             226492416 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5132288 bytes

此時再次使用DRA工具，看問題和提示內容。

RMAN> advise failure;

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

242        HIGH     OPEN      06-SEP-13     One or more non-system datafiles are missing

analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

no manual actions available

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

1. If file /u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it

Automated Repair Options

========================

Option Repair Description

------ ------------------

1      Restore and recover datafile 3 

  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss

  Repair script. /u01/diag/rdbms/wilson/wilson/hm/reco_1850469943.hm

使用repair failure review命令來查看執行語句。

RMAN> repair failure preview;

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss

Repair script. /u01/diag/rdbms/wilson/wilson/hm/reco_1850469943.hm

contents of repair script.:

   # restore and recover datafile

   restore datafile 3;

   recover datafile 3;

注意：此時Oracle DRA發現了當前我們有Undo的備份和歸檔日志。所以使用restore之后伴隨recover，可以快速實現恢復。

如果在preview中沒有發現什么問題，可以repair failure命令執行進行恢復。

RMAN> repair failure;

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss

Repair script. /u01/diag/rdbms/wilson/wilson/hm/reco_1850469943.hm

contents of repair script.:

   # restore and recover datafile

   restore datafile 3;

   recover datafile 3;

Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? yes

executing repair script

Starting restore at 06-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_7xt3yzl5_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/flash_recovery_area/WILSON/backupset/2013_09_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130906T061608_92l0od6w_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/WILSON/backupset/2013_09_06/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130906T061608_92l0od6w_.bkp tag=TAG20130906T061608

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

Finished restore at 06-SEP-13

Starting recover at 06-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 06-SEP-13

repair failure complete

--可以選擇打開數據庫

Do you want to open the database (enter YES or NO)? yes

database opened

我們在alert log中，可以監控到恢復的步驟。

--Restore過程

Fri Sep 06 07:35:49 2013

Full restore complete of datafile 3 /u01/oradata/WILSON/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_92l5b0v4_.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:15

  checkpoint is 3838694

  last deallocation scn is 3817636

  Undo Optimization current scn is 3815429

Fri Sep 06 07:35:54 2013

alter database recover datafile list clear

Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear

--recovery過程

alter database recover if needed

 datafile 3

Media Recovery Start

Serial Media Recovery started

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 176 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /u01/oradata/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_870n48hc_.log

  Mem# 1: /u01/flash_recovery_area/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_870n4dtl_.log

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 177 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /u01/oradata/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_870n4lsg_.log

  Mem# 1: /u01/flash_recovery_area/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_870n4o31_.log

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 178 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /u01/oradata/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_870n42n1_.log

  Mem# 1: /u01/flash_recovery_area/WILSON/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_870n44z3_.log

Media Recovery Complete (wilson)

Completed: alter database recover if needed

 datafile 3

Fri Sep 06 07:36:04 2013

alter database open

此時，數據庫錯誤消除。

RMAN> list failure;

no failures found that match specification

最后，我們還有一個命令可以使用，就是change failure。Change Failure命令的作用就是顯示的將錯誤的狀態修改掉。最常用的做法是：當一個錯誤發生的時候，如果我們沒有在RMAN層面上去解決，比如使用冷備份方法還原。Failure信息是不會變化狀態的。此時，可以使用change failure命令將狀態設置為Closed，命令如：change failure all closed。

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