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| 7-Zip是一個支持7z(它實現了LZMA壓縮算法，具有非常高的壓縮比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多數文件系統映像和DEB格式的文件歸檔器。RAR格式由于不是免費許可，已經被刪除了。 |
默認Centos7沒有安裝p7zip安裝包，默認源里面也沒有這個安裝包，需要安裝epel源才能安裝p7zip安裝包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins
7z 命令提供的函數字母與 命令行選項類似，但使用時不使用 -。這些參數字母告訴命令它需要執行的函數。
創建一個壓縮包使用 a參數
創建一個7z格式的壓縮包：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 4 files, 0 bytes Creating archive: files.7z Items to compress: 4 Files read from disk: 0 Archive size: 143 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok
執行完命令，查看一下是否已經創建7z格式的壓縮包
創建一個包含目錄的壓縮包：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/ 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes (9 KiB) Creating archive: gpg.7z Items to compress: 7 Files read from disk: 2 Archive size: 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Everything is Ok [root@localhost ~]#
7zip還可以壓縮、解壓縮其他格式的壓縮包。比如：創建一個.zip格式的壓縮包。
[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.zip file{1..4}.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.zip
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 542 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok
列出壓縮包的內容使用 l參數：
[root@localhost ~]# 7z l gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Listing archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2020-01-04 18:24:05 D.... 0 0 .gnupg 2020-01-04 18:22:36 D.... 0 0 .gnupg/private-keys-v1.d 2020-01-04 18:24:48 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/S.gpg-agent 2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/pubring.gpg 2020-01-04 18:24:05 ....A 0 0 .gnupg/secring.gpg 2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A 7680 3879 .gnupg/gpg.conf 2020-01-04 18:24:52 ....A 600 .gnupg/random_seed ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2020-01-04 18:24:52 8280 3879 5 files, 2 folders
使用 e來解壓文件，解壓所有文件到當前目錄。（不推薦使用）
[root@localhost test]# 7z e gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Extracting archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Everything is Ok Folders: 2 Files: 5 Size: 8280 Compressed: 4157
可以看到所有文件都解壓到當前目錄了。
現在使用
x參數解壓文件看一下。
[root@localhost test]# 7z x gpg.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB) Extracting archive: gpg.7z -- Path = gpg.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 4157 Headers Size = 278 Method = LZMA2:12k Solid = + Blocks = 1 Everything is Ok Folders: 2 Files: 5 Size: 8280 Compressed: 4157
可以看到解壓出來的文件，按照原來文件的目錄形式解壓出來的。
一段時間之后，需要將一些新文件添加到文件夾中，并且希望將他們添加到壓縮包里面，可以不用創建一個新的壓縮包，只需要更新現有的壓縮包就可以。
首先將test目錄壓縮
[root@localhost test]# 7z a files.7z test/ 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive: 1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes Creating archive: files.7z Items to compress: 5 Files read from disk: 0 Archive size: 158 bytes (1 KiB) Everything is Ok
在test文件夾中創建幾個文件，然后再更新壓縮包：
[root@localhost test]# touch test/file{5..10}.txt
[root@localhost test]# 7z u files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Open archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 158
Headers Size = 158
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 10 files, 0 bytes
Updating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok
查看一下是否已經添加文件。
[root@localhost test]# 7z l files.7z 7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21 p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI) Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 186 bytes (1 KiB) Listing archive: files.7z -- Path = files.7z Type = 7z Physical Size = 186 Headers Size = 186 Solid = - Blocks = 0 Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2020-03-11 14:24:54 D.... 0 0 test 2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file1.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file10.txt 2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file2.txt 2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file3.txt 2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A 0 0 test/file4.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file5.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file6.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file7.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file8.txt 2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A 0 0 test/file9.txt ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2020-03-11 14:24:54 0 0 10 files, 1 folders
7z格式的壓縮比例比ZIP格式的壓縮比例高30%-50%。
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