管理MySQL用戶的詳細步驟

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1# 創建用戶的一些限制和注意點
用戶名長度必須不超過16個字符
用戶名是大小寫敏感的

2# 創建用戶
語法：

(root@localhost)[(none)]> help create user
Name: 'CREATE USER'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE USER user_specification [, user_specification] ...

user_specification:
    user [ identified_option ]

auth_option: {
    IDENTIFIED BY 'auth_string'
| IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'hash_string'
| IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin
| IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS 'hash_string'
}

The CREATE USER statement creates new MySQL accounts. An error occurs
if you try to create an account that already exists.

按照語法，最簡答的創建用戶的方法：

c(root@localhost)[mysql]> create user test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> select user,host,password from user;
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user  | host      | password                                  |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root  | localhost | *A0F874BC7F54EE086FCE60A37CE7887D8B31086B |
| test1 | %         |                                           |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)reate user test1;

這個時候其實密碼是空的，可以空密碼登錄的。

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$ mysql -S /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock  -utest1
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.31-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test1@localhost)[(none)]> 

但是沒有任何權限：（USAGE這個權限，是代表廢物的意思！嗯，就是這樣）

(test1@localhost)[(none)]> show grants;
+-----------------------------------+
| Grants for test1@%                |
+-----------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3# 給用戶設置密碼：
命令

(root@localhost)[mysql]> help set password
Name: 'SET PASSWORD'
Description:
Syntax:
SET PASSWORD [FOR user] = password_option

password_option: {
    PASSWORD('auth_string')
  | OLD_PASSWORD('auth_string')
  | 'hash_string'
}

給test1設置一個密碼：

(root@localhost)[mysql]> set password for test1=password('passwordtest');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> select user,host,password from user where user='test1';
+-------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| user  | host | password                                  |
+-------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| test1 | %    | *A76A397AE758994B641D5C456139B88F40610926 |
+-------+------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

至于OLD_PASSWORD()函數，是為了兼容老版本的密碼而存在，古老的mysql4。

然而，set password for <user>=password('string'); 這種修改方式已經被設置為要棄用，所以需要使用標準的修改密碼方式：

(root@localhost)[mysql]> alter user test1 identified by 'password4test1';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by 'password4test1'' at line 1
(root@localhost)[mysql]> 

以上可見報錯了。原因是5.6還不支持這種密碼修改方式：

(root@localhost)[mysql]> help alter user;
Name: 'ALTER USER'
Description:
Syntax:
ALTER USER user_specification [, user_specification] ...

user_specification:
    user PASSWORD EXPIRE

這里只有一個子句，就是設置密碼過期
3# 賬號的密碼過期：

(root@localhost)[mysql]> alter user test1 password expire;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> select user,host,password,password_expired from user;
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| user  | host      | password                                  | password_expired |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| root  | localhost | *A0F874BC7F54EE086FCE60A37CE7887D8B31086B | N                |
| test1 | %         | *A76A397AE758994B641D5C456139B88F40610926 | Y                |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到賬號密碼已經過期。
但是過期以后還是可以登錄，但是什么都干不了，會提示馬上更改密碼：

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$ mysql -S /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock  -utest1 -p'passwordtest'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.31-log

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test1@localhost)[(none)]> select 1
    -> ;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
(test1@localhost)[(none)]>

#修改當前賬戶的密碼：
(test1@localhost)[(none)]> set password = password('password4test1');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(test1@localhost)[(none)]> 

#再次嘗試登錄，并做查詢測試

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$ mysql -S /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock  -utest1 -p'password4test1'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.31-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test1@localhost)[(none)]> select 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#查詢成功，說明密碼更改成功。用管理賬號查詢use表查看賬號狀態：

(root@localhost)[mysql]> select user,host,password,password_expired from user;
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| user  | host      | password                                  | password_expired |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| root  | localhost | *A0F874BC7F54EE086FCE60A37CE7887D8B31086B | N                |
| test1 | %         | *CFA887C680E792C2DCF622D56FB809E3F8BE63CC | N                |
+-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4# 遠程登錄
在user表中，test1的host列值為%，代表可以從任意位置登錄mysql

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$ mysql -utest1 -p'password4test1' -h 192.168.199.101 -P 3306
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.6.31-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test1@192.168.199.101)[(none)]> 

5# 比較完整方式創建用戶

(root@localhost)[mysql]> create user test2@'%' identified by 'password4test2';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> create user test2@'192.168.199.101' identified by 'test2local';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> select user,host,password from user where user='test2';
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user  | host            | password                                  |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| test2 | 192.168.199.101 | *74F386E8F5EEC7648BABDD0FCBA4524B97344856 |
| test2 | %               | *5AB2E18AD9EE76F76E1C02E4DBF97BC7C3B4588B |
+-------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost)[mysql]> 

建立了兩個test2，這兩個test2是不同的，實際上應該說，用戶test2@'192.168.199.101' 和用戶test2@'%' 是兩個不同的用戶。

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$ mysql -utest2 -p'test2local' -h 192.168.199.101 -P 3306
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 5.6.31-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test2@192.168.199.101)[(none)]> 

[mysql@mysql01 ~]$  mysql -utest2 -S /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock -p'password4test2'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.6.31-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(test2@localhost)[(none)]> 

5# 修改密碼：
1，set password 方式：

        (root@localhost)[mysql]>  set password for test1=password('password4test1');
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2，直接update系統表user，這種方式需要刷新權限列表

 (root@localhost)[mysql]> update user set password=password('password4test1') where user='test1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0

(root@localhost)[mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3，grant 方式

(root@localhost)[mysql]> grant usage on *.* to test1 identified by 'password4test1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
管理MySQL用戶的詳細步驟就先給大家講到這里，對于其它相關問題大家想要了解的可以持續關注我們的行業資訊。我們的板塊內容每天都會捕捉一些行業新聞及專業知識分享給大家的。