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本文主要給大家簡單講講mysql.db數據庫層權限該如何設置，相關專業術語大家可以上網查查或者找一些相關書籍補充一下，這里就不涉獵了，我們就直奔主題吧，希望mysql.db數據庫層權限該如何設置這篇文章可以給大家帶來一些實際幫助。
1# 數據庫層權限記錄位置
表級別的權限記錄在mysql.tables_priv表中。
(root@localhost)[mysql]> (root@localhost)[mysql]> desc tables_priv;
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Table_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Grantor | char(77) | NO | MUL | | |
| Timestamp | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| Table_priv | set('Select','Insert','Update','Delete','Create','Drop','Grant','References','Index','Alter','Create View','Show view','Trigger') | NO | | | |
| Column_priv | set('Select','Insert','Update','References') | NO | | | |
+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)然而關于數據庫層面的權限記錄在mysql.db表中
(root@localhost)[mysql]> desc db;
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(root@localhost)[mysql]> select * from db\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: sample
User: test1
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
1 row in set (0.00 sec)這條對應的grant語句是：
(root@localhost)[mysql]> show grants for test1; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for test1@% | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*CFA887C680E792C2DCF622D56FB809E3F8BE63CC' | | GRANT SELECT, CREATE ON `sample`.* TO 'test1'@'%' | | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `sample`.`smp` TO 'test1'@'%' | | GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'test1'@'%' | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第二條：
GRANT SELECT, CREATE ON sample.* TO 'test1'@'%'
嘗試再增加權限：
(root@localhost)[mysql]> grant all privileges on sample.* to test1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (root@localhost)[mysql]> (root@localhost)[mysql]> (root@localhost)[mysql]> select * from db\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % Db: sample User: test1 Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: N References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: Y Execute_priv: Y Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
授予all privileges權限。注意點是grant option并不包含在all privileges里面。可以用with子句
(root@localhost)[mysql]> grant all privileges on sample.* to test1 with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (root@localhost)[mysql]> select * from db\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % Db: sample User: test1 Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: Y References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: Y Execute_priv: Y Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
回收all privileges權限, 錯誤寫法，revoke并不能帶with grant option來回收grant option
(root@localhost)[mysql]> revoke all privileges on sample.* from test1 with grant option; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'grant option' at line 1 (root@localhost)[mysql]>
這樣寫還是不對：
revoke all privileges, grant option on sample.* from test1; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'on sample.* from test1' at line 1
分開寫就可以了：
(root@localhost)[mysql]> revoke all privileges on sample.* from test1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (root@localhost)[mysql]> revoke grant option on sample.* from test1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (root@localhost)[mysql]>
grant option在授予的時候是用with子句，回收的時候需要單獨回收。
2#一般用戶可訪問的數據庫：
在test1用戶下，查看可以訪問的數據庫：
(test1@localhost)[(none)]> show databases -> ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | sample | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) (test1@localhost)[(none)]> (test1@localhost)[(none)]> (test1@localhost)[(none)]> (test1@localhost)[(none)]> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed (test1@localhost)[mysql]> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +-----------------+ | user | #由于只有user表上被授予了select權限，所以show tables只能看到一個表 +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (test1@localhost)[mysql]> show grants; +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for test1@% | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD <secret> | | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `sample`.* TO 'test1'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION | | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `sample`.`smp` TO 'test1'@'%' | | GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'test1'@'%' | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for test1@% | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD <secret> | | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `sample`.`smp` TO 'test1'@'%' | | GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'test1'@'%' | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) (test1@localhost)[mysql]>
sample數據庫是被授予的all privileges,所以全庫的表對象都是可用唄test1用戶訪問。至于mysql，只有user表上有一個select權限，所以也被歸類在可用訪問的數據庫之列，但是實際上用show tables只能看到一個表。
3# 數據庫層權限的從無到有，給一個用戶授予權限后，db表的變化：
a# 建立一個新的數據庫sample2
(root@localhost)[(none)]> create database sample2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
這個時候查看用戶test1所擁有的數據庫權限，是只有sample數據庫。MYSQL數據庫并不顯示。
(root@localhost)[mysql]> select * from db\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % Db: sample User: test1 Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: Y References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: Y Execute_priv: Y Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (root@localhost)[mysql]> #這個時候test1用戶去嘗試訪問sample2數據庫也是失敗的： (test1@localhost)[sample]> use sample2 ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'test1'@'%' to database 'sample2' (test1@localhost)[sample]>
運行授權語句，對test1受援sample2的select權限，這個時候mysql.db數據庫中出現了2行數據，多了一行關于sample2的記錄：
(root@localhost)[mysql]> select * from db\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % Db: sample2 User: test1 Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N Grant_priv: N References_priv: N Index_priv: N Alter_priv: N Create_tmp_table_priv: N Lock_tables_priv: N Create_view_priv: N Show_view_priv: N Create_routine_priv: N Alter_routine_priv: N Execute_priv: N Event_priv: N Trigger_priv: N *************************** 2. row *************************** Host: % Db: sample User: test1 Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Grant_priv: Y References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: Y Execute_priv: Y Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
從記錄可用看到test1用戶對sample2數據庫擁有select權限。也就是訪問權限，表示里面的對象都具有。但是里面是沒有表的。
(test1@localhost)[(none)]> use sample2; Database changed (test1@localhost)[sample2]> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
#并且test1用戶可用select出smp表的數據。 (test1@localhost)[sample2]> select * from smp; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 然而test1用戶并不顯示的擁有任在sample2上的表權限。所謂的權限的繼承。 (test1@localhost)[information_schema]> select * from TABLE_PRIVILEGES where TABLE_SCHEMA='sample2'; Empty set (0.00 sec)
#奇怪，并沒有給表smp授權select，受援的是select on sample2.*。嘗試單獨對表收回select 權限：
(root@localhost)[sample2]> revoke select on sample2.smp from test1; ERROR 1147 (42000): There is no such grant defined for user 'test1' on host '%' on table 'smp' #以失敗告終。顯示的revoke并不能收回隱式繼承來的權限。 (test1@localhost)[sample2]> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_sample2 | +-------------------+ | smp | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql.db數據庫層權限該如何設置就先給大家講到這里，對于其它相關問題大家想要了解的可以持續關注我們的行業資訊。我們的板塊內容每天都會捕捉一些行業新聞及專業知識分享給大家的。
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