docker筆記30-k8s dashboard認證及分級授權

    Dashboard官方地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

    dashbord是作為一個pod來運行，需要serviceaccount賬號來登錄。

    先給dashboad創建一個專用的認證信息。

    先建立私鑰：

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/
[root@master pki]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............................................................................................................................+++
.................................+++

     建立一個證書簽署請求：

[root@master pki]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.key  -out dashboard.csr -subj "/O=zhixin/CN=dashboard"

     下面開始簽署證書：

 [root@master pki]# openssl  x509 -req -in dashboard.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key  -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.crt -days 365
Signature ok
subject=/O=zhixin/CN=dashboard
Getting CA Private Key

       把上面生成的私鑰和證書創建成secret

[root@master pki]# kubectl create secret generic dashboard-cert -n kube-system --from-file=dashboard.crt=./dashboard.crt  --from-file=dashboard.key=./dashboard.key 
secret/dashboard-cert created

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep dashboard
dashboard-cert                                   Opaque                                2         5m

    創建一個serviceaccount，因為dashborad需要serviceaccount(pod之間登錄驗證的用戶)驗證登錄。

[root@master pki]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created

[root@master pki]# kubectl get sa -n kube-system |grep admin
dashboard-admin                      1         23s

    下面通過clusterrolebinding把dashboard-admin加入到clusterrole里面。

[root@master pki]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-cluster-admin created

      這樣serviceaccount 用戶dashboard-admin就擁有了管理所有集群的權限。

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep dashboard
dashboard-admin-token-hfxg9                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         7m

[root@master pki]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-hfxg9 -n kube-system
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.PyE0q9sZl8uDF-KGvpwG3nDfny9i2wdP-24Jf8d5GlWDfaHO3vkEe1zs56K7qkRPvrg-iQ0tVvoVG8SAj2cBKjLYP6oSiQcVS3ax2TyiSG7j5Ibupc1TXKj0Yc4FfcIKu1tMZwtezHdKUDDY7RJ2sp81rYHbJdkjXe-40cITCKcjadSU-6sfNJnq4E4E-bp1LYrBvokUbBW4xkHzruS7QFQAnEZ3v257R_xjXx23NPsqwCH6dx8OWYgIXdtUos7vNjLw8xy-_rO9VEuGRnzni5m9SBdVwEF7edtJh_psZBe7yfGAkgfRPpxbwB_wyyProM-aIn6LL4aekUwBqbwOLQ

    上面的token就是serviceaccount用戶dashboad-admin的認證令牌。

    下面開始部署dashboard

[root@master pki]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard-767dc7d4d-4mq9z   1/1       Running   2          2h

[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   21d
kubernetes-dashboard   ClusterIP   10.104.8.78   <none>        443/TCP         45m

[root@master ~]# kubectl  patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort"}}' -n kube-system
service/kubernetes-dashboard patched

[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   21d
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.104.8.78   <none>        443:31647/TCP   47m

    這樣我們就可以在集群外部使用31647端口訪問dashboard了，ip就使用node master宿主機的ip。

    用瀏覽器打開： https://172..16.1.100:31647，并把上面得到的token粘貼到令牌里面進行登錄：

      注意，要用火狐瀏覽器打開，其他瀏覽器打不開的，注意注意！！！    

    上面認證的方法，這個用戶能看到所有集群的所有東西，是個超級管理員。下面我們再設置個用戶，限定它只能訪問default名稱空間。

[root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount def-ns-admin -n default
serviceaccount/def-ns-admin created

[root@master ~]# kubectl create rolebinding def-ns-admin --clusterrole=admin --serviceaccount=default:def-ns-admin
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/def-ns-admin created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get secret
NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
admin-token-6jpc5          kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         1d
def-ns-admin-token-646gx   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         2m

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-646gx
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi02NDZneCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI4ODZiOGI2NC1jM2JmLTExZTgtYmIzNS0wMDUwNTZhMjRlY2IiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.MTyQW7Vn_1j9cfmtYAE4CepmLsaMsMfE5VG6xkx4LsfrsKOO2FAo1bQuUtjLtAj52UzC7I0dVqQKpcx1DPxkr8QIpNm37PLE01geQ0C0me7QiRiM9KrFXmDtxUSLlhPBahxg-krlaANEWDKX69nss6qKiFgip7KHM_uP-b1d1caSE8y-zdEtTHK8QJ9reMb-EHG6iPkFpYJ-2guDOUhL5559usR16o2AWoN8yRdcKtnpqwBV_n2UE4m83kLjA30PtYpqraIQp9yTa21jiVlceHZpWxx-HlOEjDE4ekNCe_xTorJ7MbHVTyfqr37o8fh8Gsh-P5_tK-qaDOO7pSMkHA

    把上面的token登錄到web頁面的令牌，登錄進去后只能看default名稱空間的內容。

    下面我們再用Kubeconf的方法來驗證登錄試試。

[root@master pki]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki

[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=./ca.crt --server="https://172.16.1.100:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf
Cluster "kubernetes" set.

[root@master pki]# kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.1.100:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users: []

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret
NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
admin-token-6jpc5          kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         1d
def-ns-admin-token-646gx   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         33m

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret  def-ns-admin-token-646gx  -o json
 "token": "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"

[root@master pki]# DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret  def-ns-admin-token-646gx  -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d)

[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-admin --token=$DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
User "def-ns-admin" set.

[root@master pki]# kubectl config view  --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.1.100:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts: []
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin

[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=def-ns-admin --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
Context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes" created.

[root@master pki]# kubectl config view  --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.1.100:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: def-ns-admin
  name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi02NDZneCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI4ODZiOGI2NC1jM2JmLTExZTgtYmIzNS0wMDUwNTZhMjRlY2IiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.MTyQW7Vn_1j9cfmtYAE4CepmLsaMsMfE5VG6xkx4LsfrsKOO2FAo1bQuUtjLtAj52UzC7I0dVqQKpcx1DPxkr8QIpNm37PLE01geQ0C0me7QiRiM9KrFXmDtxUSLlhPBahxg-krlaANEWDKX69nss6qKiFgip7KHM_uP-b1d1caSE8y-zdEtTHK8QJ9reMb-EHG6iPkFpYJ-2guDOUhL5559usR16o2AWoN8yRdcKtnpqwBV_n2UE4m83kLjA30PtYpqraIQp9yTa21jiVlceHZpWxx-HlOEjDE4ekNCe_xTorJ7MbHVTyfqr37o8fh8Gsh-P5_tK-qaDOO7pSMkHA

[root@master pki]# kubectl config use-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
Switched to context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes".

[root@master pki]# kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
    server: https://172.16.1.100:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: def-ns-admin
  name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
current-context: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi02NDZneCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI4ODZiOGI2NC1jM2JmLTExZTgtYmIzNS0wMDUwNTZhMjRlY2IiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.MTyQW7Vn_1j9cfmtYAE4CepmLsaMsMfE5VG6xkx4LsfrsKOO2FAo1bQuUtjLtAj52UzC7I0dVqQKpcx1DPxkr8QIpNm37PLE01geQ0C0me7QiRiM9KrFXmDtxUSLlhPBahxg-krlaANEWDKX69nss6qKiFgip7KHM_uP-b1d1caSE8y-zdEtTHK8QJ9reMb-EHG6iPkFpYJ-2guDOUhL5559usR16o2AWoN8yRdcKtnpqwBV_n2UE4m83kLjA30PtYpqraIQp9yTa21jiVlceHZpWxx-HlOEjDE4ekNCe_xTorJ7MbHVTyfqr37o8fh8Gsh-P5_tK-qaDOO7pSMkHA

    這時候/root/def-ns-admin.conf文件就可以用在dashboard中，用它進行登錄了。

總結

     1、部署：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

     2、將service改為NodePort：

    kubectl  patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort"}}' -n kube-system

     3、認證：

        認證時的賬戶必須為ServiceAccount:作用是被dashboard pod拿來由kubernetes進行認證。

        第一種：token方式認證：

            a) 創建serviceaccount，根據其管理目標，使用rolebinding或者clusterrolebinding綁定至合理role或者clusterrole；

            b）獲取到此serviceAccount的secret，查看secret的詳細信息，其中就有token，粘貼到web界面的令牌里面

        第二種： kubeconfig方式認證： 把serviceaccount的token封裝為kubeconfig文件。

            a) 創建serviceaccount，根據其管理目標，使用rolebinding或者clusterrolebinding綁定至合理role或者clusterrole；

            b）

        kubect get secret | awk '/^ServiceAccountName/{print $1}'

       KUBE_TOKEN=DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret  SERVICEACCOUNT_SERCRET_NAME -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d)

            c) 生成kubeconfig文件

            kubectl config set-cluster --kubeconfig=/PATH/TO/SOMEFILE

            kubectl config set-credentials NAME --token=$KUBE_TOKEN --kubeconfig=/PATH/TO/SOMEFILE

            kubctl config set-context

            kubectl config use-context

kubernetes集群的管理方式

    1、命令式：create，run，expose,delete,edit....

    2、命令式配置文件:create -f /PATH/TO/RESOURCE_CONFIGURATION_FILE,delete -f,replace -f 

    3、聲明式配置文件：apply -f,patch,

    一般建議不要混合使用上面三種方式。建議使用apply和patch這樣的命令。