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本篇內容介紹了“Spring IOC容器的加載過程是怎樣的”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
**1.目標:**熟練使用spring,并分析其源碼,了解其中的思想。這篇主要介紹spring ioc 容器的加載
**2.前提條件:**會使用debug
**3.源碼分析方法:**Intellj idea debug 模式下源碼追溯
通過ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 進行xml 件的讀取,從每個堆棧中讀取程序的運行信息
**4.注意:**由于Spring的類繼承體系比較復雜,不能全部貼圖,所以只將分析源碼之后發現的最主要的類繼承結構類圖貼在下方。
**5.關于Spring Ioc
Demo:**我們從demo入手一步步進行代碼追溯。
1.定義數據訪問接口IUserDao.java
public interface IUserDao { public void InsertUser(String username,String password); }
2.定義IUserDao.java實現類IUserDaoImpl.java
public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao { @Override public void InsertUser(String username, String password) { System.out.println("----UserDaoImpl --addUser----"); } }
3.定義業務邏輯接口UserService.java
public interface UserService { public void addUser(String username,String password); }
4.定義UserService.java實現類UserServiceImpl.java
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { private IUserDao userDao; //set方法 public void setUserDao(IUserDao userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } @Override public void addUser(String username,String password) { userDao.InsertUser(username,password); } }
bean.xml配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd "> <!--id名字自己取,class表示他代表的類,如果在包里的話需要加上包名--> <bean id="userService" class="UserServiceImpl" > <!--property代表是通過set方法注入,ref的值表示注入的內容--> <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="UserDaoImpl"/> </beans>
1.頂層接口:ApplicationContext
2.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext實現類繼承AbstractXmlApplication 抽象類
3.AbstractXmlApplication 繼承AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext
4.AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext抽象類繼承AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext
5.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext 繼承 AbstractApplicationContext
6.AbstractApplicationContext 實現ConfigurableApplicationContext 接口
7.ConfigurableApplicationContext 接口繼承
ApplicationContext接口
總體來說繼承實現結構較深,內部使用了大量適配器模式。
以ClassPathXmlApplicationContext為例,繼承類圖如下圖所示:
在開始之前,先介紹一個整體的概念。即spring ioc容器的加載,大體上經過以下幾個過程:
資源文件定位、解析、注冊、實例化
1.資源文件定位
其中資源文件定位,一般是在ApplicationContext的實現類里完成的,因為ApplicationContext接口繼承ResourcePatternResolver 接口,ResourcePatternResolver接口繼承ResourceLoader接口,ResourceLoader其中的getResource()方法,可以將外部的資源,讀取為Resource類。
2.解析DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader,
解析主要是在BeanDefinitionReader中完成的,最常用的實現類是XmlBeanDefinitionReader,其中的loadBeanDefinitions()方法,負責讀取Resource,并完成后續的步驟。ApplicationContext完成資源文件定位之后,是將解析工作委托給XmlBeanDefinitionReader來完成的
解析這里涉及到很多步驟,最常見的情況,資源文件來自一個XML配置文件。首先是BeanDefinitionReader,將XML文件讀取成w3c的Document文檔。
DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader對Document進行進一步解析。然后DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader又委托給BeanDefinitionParserDelegate進行解析。如果是標準的xml namespace元素,會在Delegate內部完成解析,如果是非標準的xml namespace元素,則會委托合適的NamespaceHandler進行解析最終解析的結果都封裝為BeanDefinitionHolder,至此解析就算完成。
后續會進行細致講解。
3.注冊
然后bean的注冊是在BeanFactory里完成的,BeanFactory接口最常見的一個實現類是DefaultListableBeanFactory,它實現了BeanDefinitionRegistry接口,所以其中的registerBeanDefinition()方法,可以對BeanDefinition進行注冊這里附帶一提,最常見的XmlWebApplicationContext不是自己持有BeanDefinition的,它繼承自AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext,其持有一個DefaultListableBeanFactory的字段,就是用它來保存BeanDefinition
所謂的注冊,其實就是將BeanDefinition的name和實例,保存到一個Map中。剛才說到,最常用的實現DefaultListableBeanFactory,其中的字段就是beanDefinitionMap,是一個ConcurrentHashMap。
代碼如下:
>1.DefaultListableBeanFactory繼承實現關系
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable { // DefaultListableBeanFactory的實例中最終保存了所有注冊的bean beanDefinitionMap /** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */ private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, BeanDefinition>(64); //實現BeanDefinitionRegistry中定義的registerBeanDefinition()抽象方法 public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { }
>2.BeanDefinitionRegistry接口
public interface BeanDefinitionRegistry extends AliasRegistry { //定義注冊BeanDefinition實例的抽象方法 void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException;
4.實例化
注冊也完成之后,在BeanFactory的getBean()方法之中,會完成初始化,也就是依賴注入的過程
大體上的流程就是這樣。
1.目標:
這篇記錄debug 追溯源碼的過程,大概分三個篇幅,這是第一篇,現整體了解一下運行流程,定位資源加載,資源解析,bean 注冊發生的位置。
2.記錄結構:
1.調試棧截圖
2.整體流程
3.bean.xml的處理
每段代碼下面有相應的講解
每個棧幀中方法的行號都有標明,按照行號追溯源碼,然后配合教程能夠快速學習。
ioc容器實例化代碼
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
進入代碼中一步步追溯,發現重要方法:refresh();
如下所示:
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); //beanFactory實例化方法 單步調試入口 // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } } }
首先這個方法是同步的,以避免重復刷新。然后刷新的每個步驟,都放在單獨的方法里,比較清晰,可以按順序一個個看
首先是prepareRefresh()方法
protected void prepareRefresh() { this.startupDate = System.currentTimeMillis(); synchronized (this.activeMonitor) { this.active = true; } if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Refreshing " + this); } // Initialize any placeholder property sources in the context environment initPropertySources(); // Validate that all properties marked as required are resolvable // see ConfigurablePropertyResolver#setRequiredProperties this.environment.validateRequiredProperties(); }
這個方法里做的事情不多,記錄了開始時間,輸出日志,另外initPropertySources()方法和validateRequiredProperties()方法一般都沒有做什么事。
然后是核心的obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法,這個方法是初始化BeanFactory,是整個refresh()方法的核心,其中完成了配置文件的加載、解析、注冊,后面會專門詳細說 。
這里要說明一下,ApplicationContext實現了BeanFactory接口,并實現了ResourceLoader、MessageSource等接口,可以認為是增強的BeanFactory。但是ApplicationContext并不自己重復實現BeanFactory定義的方法,而是委托給DefaultListableBeanFactory來實現。這種設計思路也是值得學習的。
后面的 prepareBeanFactory()、postProcessBeanFactory()、invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors()、registerBeanPostProcessors()、initMessageSource()、initApplicationEventMulticaster()、onRefresh()、registerListeners()、finishBeanFactoryInitialization()、finishRefresh()等方法,是添加一些后處理器、廣播、攔截器等,就不一個個細說了
其中的關鍵方法是finishBeanFactoryInitialization(),在這個方法中,會對剛才注冊的Bean(不延遲加載的),進行實例化,所以也是一個核心方法。
從整體上介紹完了流程,接下來就重點看obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法,上文說到,在這個方法里,完成了配置文件的加載、解析、注冊
protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() { refreshBeanFactory(); ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory(); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory); } return beanFactory; }
這個方法做了2件事,首先通過refreshBeanFactory()方法,創建了DefaultListableBeanFactory的實例,并進行初始化。
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException { if (hasBeanFactory()) { destroyBeans(); closeBeanFactory(); } try { DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory(); beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId()); customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory); loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory); synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) { this.beanFactory = beanFactory; } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex); } }
首先如果已經有BeanFactory實例,就先清空。然后通過createBeanFactory()方法,創建一個DefaultListableBeanFactory的實例
protected DefaultListableBeanFactory createBeanFactory() { return new DefaultListableBeanFactory(getInternalParentBeanFactory()); }
接下來設置ID唯一標識
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
然后允許用戶進行一些自定義的配置
protected void customizeBeanFactory(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { if (this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding != null) { beanFactory.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding); } if (this.allowCircularReferences != null) { beanFactory.setAllowCircularReferences(this.allowCircularReferences); } beanFactory.setAutowireCandidateResolver(new QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver()); }
最后,就是核心的loadBeanDefinitions()方法
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException { // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory. XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory); // Configure the bean definition reader with this context's // resource loading environment. beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment()); beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this); beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this)); // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader, // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions. initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader); loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader); }
這里首先會創建一個XmlBeanDefinitionReader的實例,然后進行初始化。這個XmlBeanDefinitionReader中其實傳遞的BeanDefinitionRegistry類型的實例,為什么可以傳遞一個beanFactory呢,因為DefaultListableBeanFactory實現了BeanDefinitionRegistry接口,這里是多態的使用。
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException { // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory. XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory); // Configure the bean definition reader with this context's // resource loading environment. beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment()); beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this); beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this)); // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader, // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions. initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader); }
這里要說明一下,ApplicationContext并不自己負責配置文件的加載、解析、注冊,而是將這些工作委托給XmlBeanDefinitionReader來做。
loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
這行代碼,就是Bean定義讀取實際發生的地方。這里的工作,主要是XmlBeanDefinitionReader來完成的,下一篇博客會詳細介紹這個過程。
入口是loadBeanDefinitions方法
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException { String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations(); if (configLocations != null) { for (String configLocation : configLocations) { reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocation); } } }
這是解析過程最外圍的代碼,首先要獲取到配置文件的路徑,這在之前已經完成了。
然后將每個配置文件的路徑,作為參數傳給BeanDefinitionReader的loadBeanDefinitions方法里
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { return loadBeanDefinitions(location, null); }
這個方法又調用了重載方法
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location, Set<Resource> actualResources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { ResourceLoader resourceLoader = getResourceLoader(); if (resourceLoader == null) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Cannot import bean definitions from location [" + location + "]: no ResourceLoader available"); } if (resourceLoader instanceof ResourcePatternResolver) { // Resource pattern matching available. try { Resource[] resources = ((ResourcePatternResolver) resourceLoader).getResources(location); int loadCount = loadBeanDefinitions(resources); if (actualResources != null) { for (Resource resource : resources) { actualResources.add(resource); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Loaded " + loadCount + " bean definitions from location pattern [" + location + "]"); } return loadCount; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Could not resolve bean definition resource pattern [" + location + "]", ex); } } else { // Can only load single resources by absolute URL. Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(location); int loadCount = loadBeanDefinitions(resource); if (actualResources != null) { actualResources.add(resource); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Loaded " + loadCount + " bean definitions from location [" + location + "]"); } return loadCount; } }
首先getResourceLoader()的實現的前提條件是因為XmlBeanDefinitionReader在實例化的時候已經確定了創建了實例ResourceLoader實例, 代碼位于 AbstractBeanDefinitionReader
protected AbstractBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null"); this.registry = registry; // Determine ResourceLoader to use. if (this.registry instanceof ResourceLoader) { this.resourceLoader = (ResourceLoader) this.registry; } else { this.resourceLoader = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); } // Inherit Environment if possible if (this.registry instanceof EnvironmentCapable) { this.environment = ((EnvironmentCapable)this.registry).getEnvironment(); } else { this.environment = new StandardEnvironment(); } }
這個方法比較長,BeanDefinitionReader不能直接加載配置文件,需要把配置文件封裝成Resource,然后才能調用重載方法loadBeanDefinitions()。所以這個方法其實就是2段,第一部分是委托ResourceLoader將配置文件封裝成Resource,第二部分是調用loadBeanDefinitions(),對Resource進行解析
而這里的ResourceLoader,就是前面的XmlWebApplicationContext,因為ApplicationContext接口,是繼承自ResourceLoader接口的
Resource也是一個接口體系,在web環境下,這里就是ServletContextResource
接下來進入重載方法loadBeanDefinitions()
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource... resources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.notNull(resources, "Resource array must not be null"); int counter = 0; for (Resource resource : resources) { counter += loadBeanDefinitions(resource); } return counter; }
這里就不用說了,就是把每一個Resource作為參數,繼續調用重載方法。讀spring源碼,會發現重載方法特別多。
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource)); }
還是重載方法,不過這里對傳進來的Resource又進行了一次封裝,變成了編碼后的Resource。
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource()); } Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get(); if (currentResources == null) { currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4); this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources); } if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!"); } try { InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream(); try { InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream); if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) { inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding()); } return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource()); } finally { inputStream.close(); } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex); } finally { currentResources.remove(encodedResource); if (currentResources.isEmpty()) { this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove(); } } }
這個就是loadBeanDefinitions()的最后一個重載方法,比較長,可以拆看來看。
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource()); } Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get(); if (currentResources == null) { currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4); this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources); } if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!"); }
這第一部分,是處理線程相關的工作,把當前正在解析的Resource,設置為當前Resource。
try { InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream(); try { InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream); if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) { inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding()); } return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource()); } finally { inputStream.close(); } }
這里是第二部分,是核心,首先把Resource還原為InputStream,然后調用實際解析的方法doLoadBeanDefinitions()。可以看到,這種命名方式是很值得學習的,一種業務方法,比如parse(),可能需要做一些外圍的工作,然后實際解析的方法,可以命名為doParse()。這種doXXX()的命名方法,在很多開源框架中都有應用,比如logback等。
接下來就看一下這個doLoadBeanDefinitions()方法
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { try { Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource); return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource); } catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) { throw ex; } catch (SAXParseException ex) { throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(), "Line " + ex.getLineNumber() + " in XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex); } catch (SAXException ex) { throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(), "XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex); } catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(), "Parser configuration exception parsing XML from " + resource, ex); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(), "IOException parsing XML document from " + resource, ex); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(), "Unexpected exception parsing XML document from " + resource, ex); } }
拋開異常處理:核心代碼如下:
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource); return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
doLoadDocument方法將InputStream讀取成標準的Document對象,然后調用registerBeanDefinitions(),進行解析工作。
protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception { return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler, getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware()); }
接下來就看一下這個核心方法registerBeanDefinitions
public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { //創建的其實是DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader 的實例,利用反射創建的。 BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader(); documentReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment()); int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount(); documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource)); return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore; }
這里注意兩點 :
1.Document對象
首先這個Document對象,是W3C定義的標準XML對象,跟spring無關。其次這個registerBeanDefinitions方法,我覺得命名有點誤導性。因為這個時候實際上解析還沒有開始,怎么直接就注冊了呢。比較好的命名,我覺得可以是parseAndRegisterBeanDefinitions()。
2.documentReader的創建時使用反射創建的,代碼如下
protected BeanDefinitionDocumentReader createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader() { return BeanDefinitionDocumentReader.class.cast(BeanUtils. instantiateClass(this.documentReaderClass)); }
instantiateClass方法中傳入了一個Class類型的參數。追溯發現下述代碼:
private Class<?> documentReaderClass = DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.class;
所以創建的documentReaderClass是DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader類的實例。
接下來就進入BeanDefinitionDocumentReader 中定義的registerBeanDefinitions()方法看看
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) { this.readerContext = readerContext; logger.debug("Loading bean definitions"); Element root = doc.getDocumentElement(); doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root); }
處理完外圍事務之后,進入doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法,這種命名規范,上文已經介紹過了
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) { String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE); if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) { Assert.state(this.environment != null, "environment property must not be null"); String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS); if (!this.environment.acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) { return; } } // any nested <beans> elements will cause recursion in this method. In // order to propagate and preserve <beans> default-* attributes correctly, // keep track of the current (parent) delegate, which may be null. Create // the new (child) delegate with a reference to the parent for fallback purposes, // then ultimately reset this.delegate back to its original (parent) reference. // this behavior emulates a stack of delegates without actually necessitating one. BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate; this.delegate = createHelper(readerContext, root, parent); preProcessXml(root); parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate); postProcessXml(root); this.delegate = parent; }
這個方法也比較長,拆開來看
String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE); if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) { Assert.state(this.environment != null, "environment property must not be null"); String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS); if (!this.environment.acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) { return; } }
如果配置文件中元素,配有profile屬性,就會進入這一段,不過一般都是不會的
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate; this.delegate = createHelper(readerContext, root, parent); preProcessXml(root); parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate); postProcessXml(root); this.delegate = parent;
然后這里創建了BeanDefinitionParserDelegate對象,preProcessXml()和postProcessXml()都是空方法,核心就是parseBeanDefinitions()方法。這里又把BeanDefinition解析和注冊的工作,委托給了BeanDefinitionParserDelegate對象,在parseBeanDefinitions()方法中完成
總的來說,解析工作的委托鏈是這樣的:ClassPathXmlApplicationContext,XmlBeanDefinitionReader,DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader,BeanDefinitionParserDelegate
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext作為最外圍的組件,發起解析的請求
XmlBeanDefinitionReader將配置文件路徑封裝為Resource,讀取出w3c定義的Document對象,然后委托給DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader
DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader就開始做實際的解析工作了,但是涉及到bean的具體解析,它還是會繼續委托給BeanDefinitionParserDelegate來做。
接下來在parseBeanDefinitions()方法中發生了什么,以及BeanDefinitionParserDelegate類完成的工作,在下一篇博客中繼續介紹。
BeanDefinition的解析,已經走到了DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentR
eader里,這時候配置文件已經被加載,并解析成w3c的Document對象。這篇博客就接著介紹,DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader和BeanDefinitionParserDelegate類,是怎么協同完成bean的解析和注冊的。
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate; this.delegate = createHelper(readerContext, root, parent); preProcessXml(root); parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate); postProcessXml(root); this.delegate = parent;
這段代碼,創建了一個BeanDefinitionParserDelegate組件,然后就是preProcessXml()、parseBeanDefinitions()、postProcessXml()方法
其中preProcessXml()和postProcessXml()默認是空方法,接下來就看下parseBeanDefinitions()方法
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) { NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) { Node node = nl.item(i); if (node instanceof Element) { Element ele = (Element) node; if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) { parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate); } else { delegate.parseCustomElement(ele); } } } } else { delegate.parseCustomElement(root); } }
從這個方法開始,BeanDefinitionParserDelegate就開始發揮作用了,判斷當前解析元素是否屬于默認的命名空間,如果是的話,就調用parseDefaultElement()方法,否則調用delegate上parseCustomElement()方法
public boolean isDefaultNamespace(String namespaceUri) { return (!StringUtils.hasLength(namespaceUri) || BEANS_NAMESPACE_URI.equals(namespaceUri)); } public boolean isDefaultNamespace(Node node) { return isDefaultNamespace(getNamespaceURI(node)); }
只有**
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans**,會被認為是默認的命名空間。也就是說,beans、bean這些元素,會認為屬于默認的命名空間,而像task:scheduled這些,就認為不屬于默認命名空間。
根節點beans的一個子節點bean,是屬于默認命名空間的,所以會進入parseDefaultElement()方法
private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) { importBeanDefinitionResource(ele); } else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) { processAliasRegistration(ele); } else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) { processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate); } else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) { // recurse doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele); } }
這里可能會有4種情況,import、alias、bean、beans,分別有一個方法與之對應,這里解析的是bean元素,所以會進入processBeanDefinition()方法
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) { BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele); if (bdHolder != null) { bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder); try { // Register the final decorated instance. BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry()); } catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) { getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" + bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex); } // Send registration event. getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder)); } }
這里主要有3個步驟,先是委托delegate對bean進行解析,然后委托delegate對bean進行裝飾,最后由一個工具類來完成BeanDefinition的注冊
可以看出來,DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader不負責任何具體的bean解析,它面向的是xml Document對象,根據其元素的命名空間和名稱,起一個類似路由的作用(不過,命名空間的判斷,也是委托給delegate來做的)。所以這個類的命名,是比較貼切的,突出了其面向Document的特性。具體的工作,是由BeanDefinitionParserDelegate來完成的
下面就看下parseBeanDefinitionElement()方法
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) { String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE); String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE); List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>(); if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) { String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS); aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr)); } String beanName = id; if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) { beanName = aliases.remove(0); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName + "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases"); } } if (containingBean == null) { checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele); } AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean); if (beanDefinition != null) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) { try { if (containingBean != null) { beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName( beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true); } else { beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition); // Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible, // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix. // This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility. String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName(); if (beanClassName != null && beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() && !this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) { aliases.add(beanClassName); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " + "using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]"); } } catch (Exception ex) { error(ex.getMessage(), ele); return null; } } String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases); return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray); } return null; }
這個方法很長,可以分成三段來看
String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE); String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE); List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>(); if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) { String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS); aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr)); } String beanName = id; if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) { beanName = aliases.remove(0); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName + "' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases"); } } if (containingBean == null) { checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele); }
這一段,主要是處理一些跟alias,id等標識相關的東西
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
這一行是核心,進行實際的解析
if (beanDefinition != null) { if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) { try { if (containingBean != null) { beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName( beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true); } else { beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition); // Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible, // if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix. // This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility. String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName(); if (beanClassName != null && beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() && !this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) { aliases.add(beanClassName); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " + "using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]"); } } catch (Exception ex) { error(ex.getMessage(), ele); return null; } } String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases); return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray); }
這段是后置處理,對beanName進行處理
前置處理和后置處理,不是核心,就不細看了,重點看下核心的那一行調用
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement( Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) { this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName)); String className = null; if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) { className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim(); } try { String parent = null; if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) { parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE); } AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent); parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd); bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT)); parseMetaElements(ele, bd); parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides()); parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides()); parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd); parsePropertyElements(ele, bd); parseQualifierElements(ele, bd); bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource()); bd.setSource(extractSource(ele)); return bd; } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) { error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err); } catch (Throwable ex) { error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex); } finally { this.parseState.pop(); } return null; }
這個方法也挺長的,拆開看看
this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName)); String className = null; if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) { className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim(); }
這段是從配置中抽取出類名。接下來的長長一段,把異常處理先拋開,看看實際的業務
String parent = null; if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) { parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE); } AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent); parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd); bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT)); parseMetaElements(ele, bd); parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides()); parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides()); parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd); parsePropertyElements(ele, bd); parseQualifierElements(ele, bd); bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource()); bd.setSource(extractSource(ele)); return bd;
這里每個方法的命名,就說明了是要干什么,可以一個個跟進去看,本文就不細說了。總之,經過這里的解析,就得到了一個完整的BeanDefinitionHolder。只是說明一下,如果在配置文件里,沒有對一些屬性進行設置,比如autowire-candidate等,那么這個解析生成的BeanDefinition,都會得到一個默認值
然后,對這個Bean做一些必要的裝飾
public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired( Element ele, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinition containingBd) { BeanDefinitionHolder finalDefinition = definitionHolder; // Decorate based on custom attributes first. NamedNodeMap attributes = ele.getAttributes(); for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { Node node = attributes.item(i); finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd); } // Decorate based on custom nested elements. NodeList children = ele.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) { Node node = children.item(i); if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd); } } return finalDefinition; }
持續單步調試,代碼繼續運行到DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader中的processBeanDefinition中的registerBeanDefinition()
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
單步進入代碼發現BeanDefinitionReaderUtils靜態方法registerBeanDefinition()
public static void registerBeanDefinition( BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { // Register bean definition under primary name. String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName(); // 其實調用的是DefaultListableBeanFactory中的registerBeanDefinition方法 registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition()); // Register aliases for bean name, if any. String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases(); if (aliases != null) { for (String aliase : aliases) { registry.registerAlias(beanName, aliase); } } }
解釋一下其實調用的是DefaultListableBeanFactory中的registerBeanDefinition方法這句話,因為DefaultListableBeanFactory實現BeanDefinitionRegistry接口,BeanDefinitionRegistry接口中定義了registerBeanDefinition()方法
看下DefaultListableBeanFactory中registerBeanDefinition()實例方法的具體實現:
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty"); Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null"); if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) { try { ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate(); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Validation of bean definition failed", ex); } } synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) { Object oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName); if (oldBeanDefinition != null) { if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName + "': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound."); } else { if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) { this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]"); } } } else { this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName); this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null; } this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition); resetBeanDefinition(beanName); } }
代碼追溯之后發現這個方法里,最關鍵的是以下2行:
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName); this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
前者是把beanName放到隊列里,后者是把BeanDefinition放到map中,到此注冊就完成了。在后面實例化的時候,就是把beanDefinitionMap中的BeanDefinition取出來,逐一實例化
BeanFactory準備完畢之后,代碼又回到了ClassPathXmlApplicationContext里
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } } }
也就是obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法執行之后,再進行下面的步驟。
總結來說,ApplicationContext將解析配置文件的工作委托給BeanDefinitionReader,然后BeanDefinitionReader將配置文件讀取為xml的Document文檔之后,又委托給BeanDefinitionDocumentReader
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader這個組件是根據xml元素的命名空間和元素名,起到一個路由的作用,實際的解析工作,是委托給BeanDefinitionParserDelegate來完成的
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate的解析工作完成以后,會返回BeanDefinitionHolder給BeanDefinitionDocumentReader,在這里,會委托給DefaultListableBeanFactory完成bean的注冊
XmlBeanDefinitionReader(計數、解析XML文檔),BeanDefinitionDocumentReader(依賴xml文檔,進行解析和注冊),BeanDefinitionParserDelegate(實際的解析工作)。可以看出,在解析bean的過程中,這3個組件的分工是比較清晰的,各司其職,這種設計思想值得學習
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