生產環境audit_trail參數作用和問題

1、audit_trail 默認值
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME TYPE VALUE

audit_trail string DB
SQL>

2、audit_trail靜態參數
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME TYPE VALUE

audit_trail string DB
SQL>
SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=both;
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=both
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified

SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1870647296 bytes
Fixed Size 2254304 bytes
Variable Size 1207962144 bytes
Database Buffers 654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers 6119424 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter audit_trail

NAME TYPE VALUE

audit_trail string NONE
SQL>

3、audit_trail 記錄數據庫訪問
在某些場景下，我們會遇到有密碼錯誤連接，可能引起用戶被鎖，我們可以查看aud$這個基表，看看是那臺應用服務器的錯誤連接，讓后讓研發去排查。所以我們在修改密碼的時候一定要特別的注意，修改密碼很簡單，但是導致的結果可能非常嚴重。
新開一個窗口，故意輸入錯誤密碼。
<11g-ocp:orcl:/home/oracle>$sqlplus system/oracle1@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat Jan 26 22:50:36 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
<11g-ocp:orcl:/home/oracle>$

查看那個用戶從那臺服務器嘗試遠程登錄
SQL> audit session whenever not successful;

Audit succeeded.

SQL> select userid, userhost, terminal, clientid from aud$ where returncode=1017;
USERID USERHOST TERMINAL CLIENTID

SCOTT 11g-ocp pts/2
SCOTT 11g-ocp pts/2
SCOTT 11g-ocp pts/0
SYSTEM AD\SY-NB-0023 SY-NB-0023
SYSTEM 11g-ocp pts/2
SYSTEM 11g-ocp pts/2
SYSTEM 11g-ocp pts/2
SYSTEM 11g-ocp pts/2
SYSTEM 11g-ocp pts/2

42 rows selected.

SQL>

4、audit_trail默認值DB，可能存在占用system表空間過大問題。
解決方法如下：
col segment_name for a15;
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 MB
FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM'
GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME
ORDER BY 2 DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

SEGMENT_NAME MB

IDL_UB1$ 272
SOURCE$ 72
IDL_UB2$ 31
C_TOID_VERSION# 24
I_SOURCE1 13
ARGUMENT$ 12
JAVA$MC$ 12
C_OBJ# 12
IDL_CHAR$ 11

9 rows selected. --個人測試環境，aud$沒什么記錄

SQL>
-- truncate aud$ ###方法1表需要有相關的權限。
SQL> truncate table aud$;
Table truncated
.

###方法2，遷移表空間
col table_name for a20
col tablespace_name for a20
SELECT table_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name IN ('AUD$', 'FGA_LOG$') ORDER BY table_name;

TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$ SYSTEM
FGA_LOG$ SYSTEM
SQL> col segment_name for a20
SQL> select segment_name,bytes/1024/1024 size_in_megabytes from dba_segments where segment_name in ('AUD$','FGA_LOG$');

SEGMENT_NAME SIZE_IN_MEGABYTES

FGA_LOG$ .0625
AUD$ .0625

SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='+data';
System altered.

SQL> create tablespace audit_tbs datafile size 100M autoextend on;
Tablespace created.

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.SET_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION(
AUDIT_TRAIL_TYPE => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,
AUDIT_TRAIL_LOCATION_VALUE => 'AUDIT_TBS');
END;
/

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_audit_trail_location(
audit_trail_type => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_FGA_STD,
--this moves table FGA_LOG$
audit_trail_location_value => 'AUDIT_TBS');
END;
/

col table_name for a20
col tablespace_name for a20
SELECT table_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name IN ('AUD$', 'FGA_LOG$') ORDER BY table_name;

TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$ AUDIT_TBS
FGA_LOG$ AUDIT_TBS

col index_name for a30
col table_name for a10
col tablespace_name for a20
set lines 120
select di.table_name, di.index_name,di.TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_indexes di where di.table_name='AUD$';

TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

AUD$ SYS_IL0000000407C00040$$ AUDIT_TBS
AUD$ SYS_IL0000000407C00041$$ AUDIT_TBS

SQL>