RMAN數據庫全備

在數據庫mount或者open階段，我們可以使用backup database備份整個數據庫。
也可以使用configure exclude命令在配置中默認在全備時排除某個表空間不備份，也可以在backup時指定 noexclude不排除某個表空間。


備份數據的步驟：
1.使用RMAN連接目標庫
2.確認數據庫是mount或者open階段
3.使用backup database命令備份數據庫。在備份之前應該確認configuration中的默認值，然后根據實際情況添加參數，如果channel，format，plus archivelog等等。


默認值中備份了spfile和controlfile，示例分配兩個channel備份全庫
[oracle@lzl ~]$ vi /home/oracle/full_backup.sql
[oracle@lzl ~]$ cat /home/oracle/full_backup.sql 
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup database format '/home/oracle/rman_full_%T_%u';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}




 RMAN> @/home/oracle/full_backup.sql


RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> backup database format '/home/oracle/rman_full_%T_%u';
5> release channel c1;
6> release channel c2;
7> }
released channel: ORA_DISK_1。   —release了默認值中的channel
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=1 device type=DISK


allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=43 device type=DISK。 —每個channel擁有獨立的sid


Starting backup at 2017-07-25 16:48:13
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:13
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:13。  —兩個channel分別備份了兩個數據文件。
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:28
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_full_20170725_0asa8fad tag=TAG20170725T164813 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:28
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_full_20170725_0bsa8fad tag=TAG20170725T164813 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set。
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:28
including current control file in backup set。
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:29
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:29
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_full_20170725_0dsa8fas tag=TAG20170725T164813 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 2017-07-25 16:48:30
piece handle=/home/oracle/rman_full_20170725_0csa8fas tag=TAG20170725T164813 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2017-07-25 16:48:30。  —每個backup piece都是同一個tag


released channel: c1


released channel: c2。   —釋放channel


RMAN> **end-of-file**




[oracle@lzl ~]$ ls -lrth rman_full_*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 490M Jul 25 16:48 rman_full_20170725_0bsa8fad
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 998M Jul 25 16:48 rman_full_20170725_0asa8fad
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  96K Jul 25 16:48 rman_full_20170725_0dsa8fas
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Jul 25 16:48 rman_full_20170725_0csa8fas
[oracle@lzl ~]$ strings rman_full_20170725_0dsa8fas |more
}|{z
TEST
TAG20170725T164813
TEST
test.__db_cache_size=729808896
test.__java_pool_size=4194304
…
strings的開頭幾行可以查看目標庫和tag，如果是spfile還可以清楚的看到參數設置