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RMAN如何快速恢復數據庫

發布時間：2021-11-11 10:37:36 來源：億速云 閱讀：139 作者：小新 欄目：關系型數據庫

小編給大家分享一下RMAN如何快速恢復數據庫，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲，下面讓我們一起去探討吧！

10g會使用RMAN備份恢復一般是DBA的工作，對技術要求較高，且對oracle的組織結構有較深的理解才可以進行操作，而且由于數據庫故障不易發生，大部分DBA也不會記住命令，需要的手查一下，各種文件丟失的腳本又都不一樣，例如

控制文件丟失恢復指令：restore controlfile from autobackup;

redolog 丟失的情況：alter database clear (unarchived) logfile;

不完全恢復指令：recover database until cancel;

11g后rman有了更豐富的指令集和修復方法，使得普通運維人員也能迅速快速修復數據庫故障，（list 、advise、repair）

見如下實驗。
第一種情況，模擬控制文件丟失，刪除controlfile

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SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total SystemGlobalArea  510554112 bytes

FixedSize                 1345968 bytes

VariableSize            171968080 bytes

DatabaseBuffers          331350016 bytes

Redo Buffers                5890048 bytes

ORA-00205: errorinidentifying control file,checkalert logformore info



啟動數據庫發現數據庫已經無法啟動，現在我們用兩種方法來嘗試恢復下：

傳統的方法：

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RMAN>restore controlfile from autobackup;

 

Starting restoreat30-AUG-16

using targetdatabasecontrol fileinsteadofrecovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

 

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fra

databasename(ordatabaseuniquename) usedforsearch: PROD2

channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/autobackup/2016_08_24/o1_mf_s_920718874_cvt48tkl_.bkp foundinthe recovery area

AUTOBACKUP searchwithformat"%F"notattempted because DBID wasnotset

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control filefromAUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/autobackup/2016_08_24/o1_mf_s_920718874_cvt48tkl_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restorefromAUTOBACKUP complete

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctl

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/control02.ctl

Finished restoreat30-AUG-16


11g 的快速恢復方法：

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RMAN> list failure;

 

using targetdatabasecontrol fileinsteadofrecovery catalog

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

712        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctlismissing

 

RMAN> advise failure;

 

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

712        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctlismissing

 

analyzing automatic repair options; this may takesometime

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

 

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

nomanual actions available

 

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

nomanual actions available

 

Automated Repair Options

========================

OptionRepair Description

------ ------------------

1      Use a multiplexed copytorestore control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctl 

  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recoverywithnodata loss

  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_1499999453.hm

 

RMAN> repair failure;

 

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recoverywithnodata loss

Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_1499999453.hm

 

contentsofrepair script:

   # restore control file using multiplexed copy

   restore controlfilefrom'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/control02.ctl';

   sql'alter database mount';

 

Do you really wanttoexecutethe above repair (enter YESorNO)? yes

executing repair script

 

Starting restoreat30-AUG-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctl

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/control02.ctl

Finished restoreat30-AUG-16

 

sql statement:alterdatabasemount

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

repair failure complete



從以上方法還看不出自動修復的好處，那我們再增加點難度，刪除所有的數據文件（不包括參數文件），對比下吧

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SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total SystemGlobalArea  510554112 bytes

FixedSize                 1345968 bytes

VariableSize            171968080 bytes

DatabaseBuffers          331350016 bytes

Redo Buffers                5890048 bytes

ORA-00205: errorinidentifying control file,checkalert logformore



傳統處理方法，使用以下腳本可以恢復數據庫到啟動狀態，這里就需要比較專業的知識了



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run{

restore controlfile from autobackup;

alter database mount;

restore database;

recover database until cancel;

alter database open resetlogs;

};


接下來是11g的恢復方法：list-advise-repair

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RMAN> list failure;

 

using targetdatabasecontrol fileinsteadofrecovery catalog

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

958        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'ismissing

915        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctlismissing

838        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'needs media recovery

835        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file needs media recovery

415        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles are missing

841        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles need media recovery


可以發先已經告訴我們這些文件丟失了

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RMAN> advise failure;

 

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

958        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'ismissing

915        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctlismissing

838        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'needs media recovery

835        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file needs media recovery

415        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles are missing

841        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles need media recovery

 

analyzing automatic repair options; this may takesometime

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

 

Notallspecified failures can currently be repaired.

The following failures must be repaired before adviseforothers can be given.

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

915        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctlismissing

 

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

nomanual actions available

 

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

nomanual actions available

 

Automated Repair Options

========================

OptionRepair Description

------ ------------------

1      Use a multiplexed copytorestore control file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctl 

  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recoverywithnodata loss

  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_3157315699.hm


rman已經給出建議及執行的腳本。

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RMAN> repair failure;

 

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recoverywithnodata loss

Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_3157315699.hm

 

contentsofrepair script:

   # restore control file using multiplexed copy

   restore controlfilefrom'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/control02.ctl';

   sql'alter database mount';

 

Do you really wanttoexecutethe above repair (enter YESorNO)?yes

executing repair script

 

Starting restoreat30-AUG-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control01.ctl

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD2/control02.ctl

Finished restoreat30-AUG-16

 

 

sql statement:alterdatabasemount

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

repair failure complete

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RMAN> list failure;

 

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

1230       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup3isunavailable

1224       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup2isunavailable

1218       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup1isunavailable

958        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'ismissing

838        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'needs media recovery

1233       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo03.logismissing

1227       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo02.logismissing

1221       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo01.logismissing

415        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles are missing

841        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles need media recovery

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RMAN> advise failure;

 

ListofDatabaseFailures

=========================

 

Failure ID Priority Status   TimeDetected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

1230       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup3isunavailable

1224       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup2isunavailable

1218       CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo loggroup1isunavailable

958        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'ismissing

838        CRITICALOPEN     30-AUG-16     System datafile 1:'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf'needs media recovery

1233       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo03.logismissing

1227       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo02.logismissing

1221       HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Redo log file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo01.logismissing

415        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles are missing

841        HIGH    OPEN     30-AUG-16     Oneormore non-system datafiles need media recovery

 

analyzing automatic repair options; this may takesometime

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

analyzing automatic repair options complete

 

Mandatory Manual Actions

========================

nomanual actions available

 

Optional Manual Actions

=======================

1. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo03.log was unintentionally renamedormoved, restore it

2. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo02.log was unintentionally renamedormoved, restore it

3. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo01.log was unintentionally renamedormoved, restore it

 

Automated Repair Options

========================

OptionRepair Description

------ ------------------

1      Perform incompletedatabaserecoverytoSCN 1206859 

  Strategy: The repair includes point-in-timerecoverywithsomedata loss

  Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_3316371170.hm

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RMAN> repair failure;

 

Strategy: The repair includes point-in-timerecoverywithsomedata loss

Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod2/PROD2/hm/reco_3316371170.hm

 

contentsofrepair script:

   #databasepoint-in-timerecovery

   resetdatabasetoincarnation 5;

   restoredatabaseuntil scn 1206859;

   recoverdatabaseuntil scn 1206859;

   alterdatabaseopenresetlogs;

 

Do you really wanttoexecutethe above repair (enter YESorNO)? YES

executing repair script

 

databaseresettoincarnation 5

 

Starting restoreat30-AUG-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupsetrestore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)torestorefrombackupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: readingfrombackup piece /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/backupset/2016_08_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160824T111405_cvt47yrv_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/backupset/2016_08_24/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160824T111405_cvt47yrv_.bkp tag=TAG20160824T111405

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:15

Finished restoreat30-AUG-16

 

Starting recoverat30-AUG-16

using channel ORA_DISK_1

 

starting media recovery

 

archived logforthread 1withsequence3isalreadyondiskasfile /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_24/o1_mf_1_3_cvt48qv1_.arc

archived logforthread 1withsequence4isalreadyondiskasfile /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_24/o1_mf_1_4_cvvbdhx0_.arc

archived logforthread 1withsequence5isalreadyondiskasfile /u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_30/o1_mf_1_5_cw9m2no2_.arc

archived log filename=/u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_24/o1_mf_1_3_cvt48qv1_.arc thread=1sequence=3

archived log filename=/u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_24/o1_mf_1_4_cvvbdhx0_.arc thread=1sequence=4

archived log filename=/u01/app/oracle/fra/PROD2/archivelog/2016_08_30/o1_mf_1_5_cw9m2no2_.arc thread=1sequence=5

media recovery complete, elapsedtime: 00:00:02

Finished recoverat30-AUG-16

 

databaseopened

repair failure complete

看完了這篇文章，相信你對“RMAN如何快速恢復數據庫”有了一定的了解，如果想了解更多相關知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！

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