Mysql中怎么創建數據庫并配置主從

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1、主服務器上創建一個用于復制的賬戶。

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.101.3' IDENTIFILED BY 'Mysqlrepl';
 mysql> flush privileges;

2、主服務器參數修改

[root@localhost ~]# vi /usr/my.cnf
修改如下內容
server-id = 1
 log-bin=mysql-bin

3、主服務器備份數據，并傳輸

mysql>  flush tables with read lock;
 mysql> show master status;
 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
 | mysql-bin.00002 |     120 |              |                  |                   |
 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases | gzip > export_t.sql.gz
 [root@localhost ~]# scp export_t.sql.gz root@192.168.101.3:/tmp/

mysql> unlock tables;

4、從服務器恢復數據

[root@localhost bin]# gunzip export_t.sql.gz
 [root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p
 mysql> source /tmp/export_t.sql.gz;

5、修改從服務器配置

[root@localhost bin]# vi /usr/my.cnf
添加如下內容
server-id = 2
重啟服務器
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql restar

6、從服務器設置主從配置

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
 -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.101.5',
 -> MASTER_USER='repl',  
 -> MASTER_PASSWORD='Mysqlrepl',
 -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.00002',
 -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
 -> MASTER_LOG_POS=120;

 MASTER_HOST指的是主服務器的IP地址，
MASTER_USER指的是復制的賬戶
MASTER_PASSWORD指的是賬戶的密碼
MASTER_PORT指的是主服務器端口
MASTER_LOG_FILE指的是bin-log的文件
MASTER_LOG_POS指的是日志文件位

7、從服務器啟動slave線程

mysql> start slave;
 mysql> show processlist;
 +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
 | Id | User        | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State                                                                       | Info             | Rows_sent | Rows_examined |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
 |  1 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  714 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
 |  2 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  714 | Waiting for master to send event                                            | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
 |  4 | root        | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | init                                                                        | show processlist |         0 |             0 |
 +----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
 3 rows in set (0.08 sec)

這已經表明主從已經搭建成功。

8、測試

主服務器中

mysql> use test
 Database changed
 mysql> select * from aaa;
 +------+------+
 | a    | b    |
 +------+------+
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    2 |    3 |
 |    2 |    7 |
 +------+------+
 5 rows in set (0.06 sec)

從服務器中

mysql>  use test;
 Database changed
 mysql> select * from aaa;
 +------+------+
 | a    | b    |
 +------+------+
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    2 |    3 |
 |    2 |    7 |
 +------+------+
 5 rows in set (0.21 sec)

主服務器中

mysql> insert into aaa values (5,7),(56,21);
 Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.21 sec)
 Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from aaa;
 +------+------+
 | a    | b    |
 +------+------+
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    2 |    3 |
 |    2 |    7 |
 |    5 |    7 |
 |   56 |   21 |
 +------+------+
 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

從服務器中

mysql> select * from aaa;
 +------+------+
 | a    | b    |
 +------+------+
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    1 |    2 |
 |    2 |    3 |
 |    2 |    7 |
 |    5 |    7 |
 |   56 |   21 |
 +------+------+
 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9、管理主從

查看從服務器狀態

mysql> show slave status \G;
 *************************** 1. row ***************************
                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                   Master_Host: 192.168.101.5
                   Master_User: repl
                   Master_Port: 3306
                 Connect_Retry: 60
               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.00002
           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
                Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
                 Relay_Log_Pos: 283
         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000036
              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
               Replicate_Do_DB:
           Replicate_Ignore_DB:
            Replicate_Do_Table:
        Replicate_Ignore_Table:
       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                    Last_Errno: 0
                    Last_Error:
                  Skip_Counter: 0
           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_Space: 460
               Until_Condition: None
                Until_Log_File:
                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
            Master_SSL_CA_File:
            Master_SSL_CA_Path:
               Master_SSL_Cert:
             Master_SSL_Cipher:
                Master_SSL_Key:
         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
                 Last_IO_Error:
                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                Last_SQL_Error:
   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
              Master_Server_Id: 1
                   Master_UUID: 86d34969-fa5d-11e6-b372-000c29c88c3f
              Master_Info_File: /usr/master.info
                     SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
       Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
            Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                   Master_Bind:
       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
                Master_SSL_Crl:
            Master_SSL_Crlpath:
            Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
             Executed_Gtid_Set:
                 Auto_Position: 0
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

關心的兩個信息是Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running是否是YES。Slave_IO_Running是從主服務器讀取BINLOG日志，并寫入到從服務器的中繼日志中；Slave_SQL_Running負責讀取和執行中繼日志信息。

注意：如果需要從服務器禁止寫入操作，則需要更改參數read-only，使從服務器非root賬戶只能讀數據。

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