如何安裝oracle12c單實例數據庫軟件

這篇文章主要介紹如何安裝oracle12c單實例數據庫軟件，文中介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！

一、環境準備

[oracle@localhost ~]$ df -hl 查看內存情況

磁盤空間需要6.4GB，/tmp分區需要1GB 

[oracle@localhost ~]$ df -hl /tmp 

內存配置4G，swap配置2G

[oracle@localhost ~]$ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/swaps

操作系統：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release

安裝包 yum -y install package*
把所有包安裝

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686 
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

查看組是否存在     

[root@localhost ~]# grep oinstall /etc/group

[root@localhost ~]# grep dba /etc/group

創建組oninstall 與 dba

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd oper

查看oracle用戶 是否存在

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle

創建oracle用戶

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

若已有oracle則報錯存在

[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle

為oracle創建密碼

設置資源限制:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在文末添加：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
#kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

使更改生效

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

設置安裝用戶的資源限制：

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

在root下，添加

oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

創建oracle安裝目錄并分配權限

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

為oracle用戶設置環境變量

[li@localhost ~]$ su - oracle

Password:

[oracle@localhost ~]$

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=db12c

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

如何切換到oracle用戶

Su – oracle

在temp下創建oracle 然后把12c壓縮包解壓在里面

在oracle用戶下

[li@localhost ~]$ su oracle

Password:

[oracle@localhost ]$ cd /u01/software/database

[oracle@localhost database]$ ls

install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

執行安裝
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
1、彈出此界面，不勾選選項（如果有也可以填寫）然后next

2、此處選擇僅安裝數據庫軟件，然后next

3、選擇安裝單實例數據庫，然后next

4、選擇安裝企業版，然后next
5、安裝路徑默認安裝
6、默認安裝 next


7、組默認 next


8、這里會檢查是否有安裝相關的包，可以新打開一個窗口yum安裝包，然后檢查
（這里檢查的錯誤最好都想辦法使得沒有錯誤，不然在啟動時會報錯）

9、點擊install開始安裝

10、在root下執行兩條腳本

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :

yes

Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).

Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2018-04-30_07-56-19-938348191.log

Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

執行完腳本，數據庫軟件安裝完成

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