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除了Oracle商業版數據庫以外， MySQL是一款源代碼開放的市面上使用率最高高的RDBMS數據庫軟件，采用的是GPL開源協議，自己是可以修改MySQL源代碼用來開發自己的系統。同樣也是通過最常用的SQL語句進行管理
MySQL 安裝方式通常分為以下三種：
l 在線Yum安裝
l 離線rpm安裝
l 源碼編譯安裝
前面兩種安裝方式都非常簡單，但是所有安裝方式都共同需要遵頊以下安裝前的步驟：
[root@open_source ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql |grep -v grep
6.x之前
[root@open_source ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
7.x之后
[root@open_source ~]# ls -rtl /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@open_source ~]# systemctl status mysql
[root@open_source ~]# rpm -qa mysql [root@open_source ~]# rpm -qa mariadb
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
l 安裝libaio-devel依賴包
[root@open_source ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel
l 創建用戶
[root@open_source ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
l 創建目錄
[root@open_source ~]# mkdir /mysql/3306/data
l 賦權
[root@open_source ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql
4.3 開始安裝
l 解壓軟件
[root@open_source ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@open_source local]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
l 創建一個軟連接并賦權
[root@open_source local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@open_source local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/
l 配置環境變量
[root@open_source local]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" /etc/profile [root@open_source local]# source /etc/profile
l 初始化數據庫
[root@open_source local]# mysqld -initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mysql/3306/data/
l 配置My.cnf 文件
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF [mysqld] user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/mysql/3306/data log_bin=/mysql/3306/binlog/mysql-bin server_id=7 port=3306 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock EOF
l 準備啟動腳本
[root@open_source ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
l 啟動數據庫
[root@open_source ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
l 登錄數據庫
[root@open_source ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 29 Server version: 5.7.28-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
l MySQL加固:
[root@open_source ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Connecting to MySQL using a blank password. VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y There are three levels of password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 0 Please set the password for root here. New password: Re-enter new password: Estimated strength of the password: 50 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. All done!
l 加固后無法直接登錄
[root@open_source ~]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
l 查看MySQL狀態
mysql> mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000009 | 3672 | | | ce8fc1bb-5fd6-11ea-869d-000c29eed638:1-20 | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | bindb | | gtdb | | mdp | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | woo | +--------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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