配置ASM以及創建恢復目錄

本次配置ASM沿用了搭建RAC的環境配置，系統選用CENTOS6.8

首先本地配置YUM，安裝GRID集群件所需要的RPM包

[root@rac01 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo

[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *

[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# vi local.repo

[kingsql]

name=This is kingsql repo

baseurl=file:///rpm/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /rpm
[root@rac01 yum.repos.d]# cd /rpm

[root@rac01 rpm]cp /root/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1/Packages/* /rpm/

rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-12.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libxml2-2.7.6-14.el6_5.2.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh libxml2-python-2.7.6-14.el6_5.2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-22.el6.noarch.rpm

[root@rac01 rpm]# createrepo ./
[root@rac01 rpm]# yum clean all
[root@rac01 rpm]# yum makecache

[root@rac01 rpm]#yum install libXp* xterm* unixODBC* sysstat* make* libstdc++* libgomp* libgcc* libaio* kernel-headers* glibc* gcc* elfutils*  binutils* bind bind-devel bind-chroot caching-nameserver compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++-33* openssh* xdpyinfo vi unzip

本次配置ASM,DNS配置可選可不選

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

vi /etc/named.conf

options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { any; };
        recursion yes;

        dnssec-enable yes;
        dnssec-validation yes;

        /* Path to ISC DLV key */
        bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

        managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};

logging {
        channel default_debug {
                file "data/named.run";
                severity dynamic;
        };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "/dev/null";
};

zone "kingsql.org" IN {
        type master;
        file "kingsql.org.zone";
};

zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "192.168.56.rev";
        };

[root@rac01 named]# cd /var/named
[root@rac01 named]# pwd
/var/named
[root@rac01 named]# vi kingsql.org.zone 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  kingsql.org.       hostmaster.kingsql.org. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
@            IN NS ns1.kingsql.org.
ns1          IN A 192.168.56.101
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.156
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.157
cluster-scan IN A 192.168.56.158
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rac01 named]# vi 192.168.56.rev 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  kingsql.org.       hostmaster.kingsql.org. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
@            IN NS ns1.kingsql.org.
ns1          IN A 192.168.56.101
156          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org. 
157          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org.
158          IN PTR cluster-scan.kingsql.org.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
service network restart

cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.56.101

chkconfig named on ##設置開機自啟動

service named start
Starting named: [  OK  ]

nslookup cluster-scan.kingsql.org
nslookup 192.168.56.156
nslookup 192.168.56.157
nslookup 192.168.56.158

——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

關閉防火墻

chkconfig iptables off
service iptables stop

修改selinux為disabled

vi /etc/selinux/config

創建用戶和組

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall  
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin  
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba  
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
groupadd -g 1300 dba  
groupadd -g 1301 oper  
useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle  
passwd grid
passwd oracle

建立目錄，修改權限
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.4/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01

關閉ntpd服務
service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.original
rm -rf /var/run/ntpd.pid

修改grid用戶的環境變量

[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.4/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export  CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
            ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
    umask 022
fi
export

修改root用戶環境變量

vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

/sbin/sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid                soft    nproc   2047
grid                hard    nproc   16384
grid                soft    nofile  1024
grid                hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so

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查磁盤號
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdb
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1274608b-98003b66
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdc
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBbf237514-f3435ff0
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdd
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc894130b-2f10eef0
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sde
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB58f6ed82-b0dc76dc
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdf
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB0e0cbf34-6238f247
[root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/scsi_id -u -g /dev/sdg
1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB98788216-29530089

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1274608b-98003b66", NAME="asm-disk1",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBbf237514-f3435ff0", NAME="asm-disk2",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc894130b-2f10eef0", NAME="asm-disk3",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB58f6ed82-b0dc76dc", NAME="asm-disk4",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB0e0cbf34-6238f247", NAME="asm-disk5",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB98788216-29530089", NAME="asm-disk6",  OWNER="grid",  GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

[root@rac01 ~]# start_udev
Starting udev: [  OK  ]

[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 9月  18 11:49 /dev/asm-disk6

安裝集群件自帶的RPM包

[root@rac01 ~]# mv p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip /home/grid/
[grid@rac01 ~]$ cd grid/
[grid@rac01 grid]$ ls
install      response  runInstaller  sshsetup  welcome.html
readme.html  rpm       runcluvfy.sh  stage
[grid@rac01 grid]$ cd rpm/
[grid@rac01 rpm]$ ls
cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

[grid@rac01 rpm]$ su root
Password:

[root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh /home/grid/grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
Using default group oinstall to install package
   1:cvuqdisk               ########################################### [100%]

修改/etc/hosts

[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.56.101 rac01

192.168.56.111 rac01-vip

192.168.1.229 rac01-priv

192.168.56.156 cluster-scan

安裝ASM

scan-name寫/etc/hosts中的cluster-scan

 注意修改公共主機名和虛擬主機名，若為單節點則不用配置SSH互信

 注意etho 和 eth2 哪個是公共網卡哪個是橋接網卡

 選擇ASM

 冗余選擇外部冗余

 選擇不使用IPM

 執行腳本

 安裝完成后配置asmca

create 創建磁盤組

 剩下的硬盤起名為DATA磁盤組

 Mount all，之后推出

此時直接啟用dbca配置可能會無法發現磁盤組，我們需要進入grid家目錄執行chmod +s權限，使ORACLE用戶可以看到磁盤組

cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/

chmod +s oracle

啟用dbca

使用 DBCA 啟動創建恢復目錄數據庫的進程

在 database templates( 數據庫模板 ) 頁上，保留默認值“ General Purpose ” ( 一般用途 ) 或 Transaction Processing( 事物處理 )

在 database identification( 數據庫標識 ) ，輸入恢復目錄數據庫的名稱，使用 rcat.example.com 作為 Global Database Name （全局數據庫名）

Management options （管理選項） 取消選中 configure enterprise manager( 配置 em)

Automatic Maintenance Tasks( 自動維護任務 )  取消選中  Enable Automatic Maintenance Tasks （啟用自動維護任務）

所有賬戶使用同一管理口令

Database file locations( 數據庫文件位置 )  選擇 Automatic Storage Management （ ASM ）（自動存儲管理）作為 Storage Type( 存儲類型 ).  選擇 Use common location for all database files （所有數據庫文件使用公共位置） 然后選擇 DATA 磁盤組

在 recovery configuration( 恢復配置 ), 選中 specify flash recovery( 指定快速恢復區 )  選擇 +FRA 磁盤組，并確保 Flash Recovery Area size （快速恢復區大小）為 4062MB

不勾選示例方案

在 initialization parameter （初始化參數），將內存大小設置為 303MB ，單擊 Use Automatic Memory Management( 使用自動內存管理 )

字符集選項卡選擇 use unicode(AL32UTF8)

 之后進行create database