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今天就跟大家聊聊有關LocalCache在Java項目中如何實現本地緩存，可能很多人都不太了解，為了讓大家更加了解，小編給大家總結了以下內容，希望大家根據這篇文章可以有所收獲。
一、本地緩存應用場景
localcache有著極大的性能優勢：
1. 單機情況下適當使用localcache會使應用的性能得到很大的提升。
2. 集群環境下對于敏感性要求不高的數據可以使用localcache，只配置簡單的失效機制來保證數據的相對一致性。
哪些數據可以存儲到本地緩存？
1．訪問頻繁的數據；
2．靜態基礎數據（長時間內不變的數據）；
3．相對靜態數據（短時間內不變的數據）。
二、java本地緩存標準
Java緩存新標準（javax.cache），這個標準由JSR107所提出，已經被包含在Java EE 7中。
特性：
1．原子操作，跟java.util.ConcurrentMap類似
2．從緩存中讀取
3．寫入緩存
4．緩存事件監聽器
5．數據統計
6．包含所有隔離（ioslation）級別的事務
7．緩存注解（annotations）
8．保存定義key和值類型的泛型緩存
9．引用保存（只適用于堆緩存）和值保存定義
但目前應用不是很普遍。
三、java開源緩存框架
比較有名的本地緩存開源框架有：
1．EHCache
EHCache是一個純java的在進程中的緩存，它具有以下特性：快速，簡單，為Hibernate2.1充當可插入的緩存，最小的依賴性，全面的文檔和測試。
BUG： 過期失效的緩存元素無法被GC掉，時間越長緩存越多，內存占用越大，導致內存泄漏的概率越大。
2．OSCache
OSCache有以下特點：緩存任何對象，你可以不受限制的緩存部分jsp頁面或HTTP請求，任何java對象都可以緩存。擁有全面的API--OSCache API給你全面的程序來控制所有的OSCache特性。永久緩存--緩存能隨意的寫入硬盤，因此允許昂貴的創建(expensive-to-create)數據來保持緩存，甚至能讓應用重啟。支持集群--集群緩存數據能被單個的進行參數配置，不需要修改代碼。緩存記錄的過期--你可以有最大限度的控制緩存對象的過期，包括可插入式的刷新策略(如果默認性能不需要時)。
3．JCache
Java緩存新標準（javax.cache）
4．cache4j
cache4j是一個有簡單API與實現快速的Java對象緩存。它的特性包括：在內存中進行緩存，設計用于多線程環境，兩種實現：同步與阻塞，多種緩存清除策略：LFU, LRU, FIFO，可使用強引用。
5．ShiftOne
ShiftOne Java Object Cache是一個執行一系列嚴格的對象緩存策略的Java lib，就像一個輕量級的配置緩存工作狀態的框架。
6．WhirlyCache
Whirlycache是一個快速的、可配置的、存在于內存中的對象的緩存。
四、LocalCache實現
1、LocalCache簡介
LocalCache是一個精簡版本地緩存組件，有以下特點：
1． 有容量上限maxCapacity；
2． 緩存達到容量上限時基于LRU策略來移除緩存元素；
3． 緩存對象的生命周期（緩存失效時間）由調用方決定；
4． 緩存對象失效后，將會有定時清理線程來清理掉，不會導致內存泄漏。
5． 性能比Ehcache稍強。
2、總體設計
LocalCache總體設計：
1． 緩存元素 CacheElement；
2． 緩存容器 LRULinkedHashMap；
3． 緩存接口 Cache；
4． 緩存組件實現 LocalCache。
3、詳細設計
1． CacheElement設計
/**
* 緩存元素
*
*/
public class CacheElement {
private Object key;
private Object value;
private long createTime;
private long lifeTime;
private int hitCount;
public CacheElement() {
}
public CacheElement(Object key ,Object value) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.createTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public Object getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(Object key) {
this.key = key;
}
public Object getValue() {
hitCount++;
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
public long getCreateTime() {
return createTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
this.createTime = createTime;
}
public int getHitCount() {
return hitCount;
}
public void setHitCount(int hitCount) {
this.hitCount = hitCount;
}
public long getLifeTime() {
return lifeTime;
}
public void setLifeTime(long lifeTime) {
this.lifeTime = lifeTime;
}
public boolean isExpired() {
boolean isExpired = System.currentTimeMillis() - getCreateTime() > getLifeTime();
return isExpired;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
*/
public String toString() {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("[ key=").append(key).append(", isExpired=").append(isExpired())
.append(", lifeTime=").append(lifeTime).append(", createTime=").append(createTime)
.append(", hitCount=").append(hitCount)
.append(", value=").append(value).append(" ]");
return sb.toString();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
*/
public final int hashCode(){
if(null == key){
return "".hashCode();
}
return this.key.hashCode();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
*/
public final boolean equals(Object object) {
if ((object == null) || (!(object instanceof CacheElement))) {
return false;
}
CacheElement element = (CacheElement) object;
if ((this.key == null) || (element.getKey() == null)) {
return false;
}
return this.key.equals(element.getKey());
}
}2． LRULinkedHashMap實現
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* 實現 LRU策略的 LinkedHashMap
*
* @param <K>
* @param <V>
*/
public class LRULinkedHashMap<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V>
{
protected static final long serialVersionUID = 2828675280716975892L;
protected static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES = 100;
protected final int initialCapacity;
protected final int maxCapacity;
protected boolean enableRemoveEldestEntry = true;//是否允許自動移除比較舊的元素(添加元素時)
protected static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.8f;
protected final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)
{
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES);
}
public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity ,int maxCapacity)
{
//set accessOrder=true, LRU
super(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true);
this.initialCapacity = initialCapacity;
this.maxCapacity = maxCapacity;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry)
*/
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry<K, V> eldest)
{
return enableRemoveEldestEntry && ( size() > maxCapacity );
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#get(java.lang.Object)
*/
public V get(Object key)
{
try {
lock.lock();
return super.get(key);
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.HashMap#put(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object)
*/
public V put(K key, V value)
{
try {
lock.lock();
return super.put(key, value);
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.HashMap#remove(java.lang.Object)
*/
public V remove(Object key) {
try {
lock.lock();
return super.remove(key);
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#clear()
*/
public void clear() {
try {
lock.lock();
super.clear();
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.HashMap#keySet()
*/
public Set<K> keySet() {
try {
lock.lock();
return super.keySet();
}
finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public boolean isEnableRemoveEldestEntry() {
return enableRemoveEldestEntry;
}
public void setEnableRemoveEldestEntry(boolean enableRemoveEldestEntry) {
this.enableRemoveEldestEntry = enableRemoveEldestEntry;
}
public int getInitialCapacity() {
return initialCapacity;
}
public int getMaxCapacity() {
return maxCapacity;
}
}
3． Cache接口設計
/**
* 緩存接口
*
*/
public interface Cache {
/**
* 獲取緩存
* @param key
* @return
*/
public <T> T getCache(Object key);
/**
* 緩存對象
* @param key
* @param value
* @param milliSecond 緩存生命周期(毫秒)
*/
public void putCache(Object key, Object value ,Long milliSecond);
/**
* 緩存容器中是否包含 key
* @param key
* @return
*/
public boolean containsKey(Object key);
/**
* 緩存列表大小
* @return
*/
public int getSize();
/**
* 是否啟用緩存
*/
public boolean isEnabled();
/**
* 啟用 或 停止
* @param enable
*/
public void setEnabled(boolean enabled);
/**
* 移除所有緩存
*/
public void invalidateCaches();
/**
* 移除 指定key緩存
* @param key
*/
public void invalidateCache(Object key);
}4． LocalCache實現
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* 本地緩存組件
*/
public class LocalCache implements Cache{
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
private LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement> cacheMap;
protected boolean initFlag = false;//初始化標識
protected final long defaultLifeTime = 5 * 60 * 1000;//5分鐘
protected boolean warnLongerLifeTime = false;
protected final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 100;
protected final int DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY = 100000;
protected int initialCapacity = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;//初始化緩存容量
protected int maxCapacity = DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY;//最大緩存容量
protected int timeout = 20;//存取緩存操作響應超時時間(毫秒數)
private boolean enabled = true;
private Thread gcThread = null;
private String lastGCInfo = null;//最后一次GC清理信息{ size, removeCount, time ,nowTime}
private boolean logGCDetail = false;//記錄gc清理細節
private boolean enableGC = true;//是否允許清理的緩存(添加元素時)
private int gcMode = 0;//清理過期元素模式 { 0=迭代模式 ; 1=隨機模式 }
private int gcIntervalTime = 2 * 60 * 1000;//間隔時間(分鐘)
private boolean iterateScanAll = true;//是否迭代掃描全部
private float gcFactor = 0.5F;//清理百分比
private int maxIterateSize = DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY/2;//迭代模式下一次最大迭代數量
private volatile int iterateLastIndex = 0;//最后迭代下標
private int maxRandomTimes = 100;//隨機模式下最大隨機次數
protected final static Random random = new Random();
private static LocalCache instance = new LocalCache();
public static LocalCache getInstance() {
return instance;
}
private LocalCache(){
this.init();
}
protected synchronized void init() {
if(initFlag){
logger.warn("init repeat.");
return ;
}
this.initCache();
this.startGCDaemonThread();
initFlag = true;
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("init -- OK");
}
}
private void startGCDaemonThread(){
if(initFlag){
return ;
}
this.maxIterateSize = maxCapacity /2;
try{
this.gcThread = new Thread() {
public void run() {
logger.info("[" + (Thread.currentThread().getName()) + "]start...");
//sleep
try {
Thread.sleep(getGcIntervalTime() < 30000 ? 30000 : getGcIntervalTime());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while( true ){
//gc
gc();
//sleep
try {
Thread.sleep(getGcIntervalTime() < 30000 ? 30000 : getGcIntervalTime());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
this.gcThread.setName("localCache-gcThread");
this.gcThread.setDaemon(true);
this.gcThread.start();
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("startGCDaemonThread -- OK");
}
}catch(Exception e){
logger.error("[localCache gc]DaemonThread -- error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
private void initCache(){
if(initFlag){
return ;
}
initialCapacity = (initialCapacity <= 0 ? DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY : initialCapacity);
maxCapacity = (maxCapacity < initialCapacity ? DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY : maxCapacity);
cacheMap = new LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement>(initialCapacity ,maxCapacity);
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("initCache -- OK");
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T getCache(Object key) {
if(!isEnabled()){
return null;
}
long st = System.currentTimeMillis();
T objValue = null;
CacheElement cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);
if (isExpiredCache(cacheObj)) {
cacheMap.remove(key);
}else {
objValue = (T) (cacheObj == null ? null : cacheObj.getValue());
}
long et = System.currentTimeMillis();
if((et - st)>timeout){
if(this.logger.isWarnEnabled()){
this.logger.warn("getCache_timeout_" + (et - st) + "_[" + key + "]");
}
}
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
String message = ("get( " + key + ") return: " + objValue);
logger.debug(message);
}
return objValue;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public void putCache(Object key, Object value ,Long lifeTime) {
if(!isEnabled()){
return;
}
Long st = System.currentTimeMillis();
lifeTime = (null == lifeTime ? defaultLifeTime : lifeTime);
CacheElement cacheObj = new CacheElement();
cacheObj.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
cacheObj.setLifeTime(lifeTime);
cacheObj.setValue(value);
cacheObj.setKey(key);
cacheMap.put(key, cacheObj);
long et = System.currentTimeMillis();
if((et - st)>timeout){
if(this.logger.isWarnEnabled()){
this.logger.warn("putCache_timeout_" + (et - st) + "_[" + key + "]");
}
}
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
String message = ("putCache( " + cacheObj + " ) , 耗時 " + (et - st) + "(毫秒).");
logger.debug(message);
}
if(lifeTime > defaultLifeTime && this.isWarnLongerLifeTime()){
if(logger.isWarnEnabled()){
String message = ("LifeTime[" + (lifeTime/1000) + "秒] too long for putCache(" + cacheObj + ")");
logger.warn(message);
}
}
}
/**
* key 是否過期
* @param key
* @return
*/
protected boolean isExpiredKey(Object key) {
CacheElement cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);
return this.isExpiredCache(cacheObj);
}
/**
* cacheObj 是否過期
* @param key
* @return
*/
protected boolean isExpiredCache(CacheElement cacheObj) {
if (cacheObj == null) {
return false;
}
return cacheObj.isExpired();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public void invalidateCaches(){
try{
cacheMap.clear();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public void invalidateCache(Object key){
try{
cacheMap.remove(key);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return cacheMap.containsKey(key);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public int getSize() {
return cacheMap.size();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public Iterator<Object> getKeyIterator() {
return cacheMap.keySet().iterator();
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public boolean isEnabled() {
return this.enabled;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*/
public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
this.enabled = enabled;
if(!this.enabled){
//清理緩存
this.invalidateCaches();
}
}
/**
* 清理過期緩存
*/
protected synchronized boolean gc(){
if(!isEnableGC()){
return false;
}
try{
iterateRemoveExpiredCache();
}catch(Exception e){
logger.error("gc() has error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
return true;
}
/**
* 迭代模式 - 移除過期的 key
* @param exceptKey
*/
private void iterateRemoveExpiredCache(){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int size = cacheMap.size();
if(size ==0){
return;
}
int keyCount = 0;
int removedCount = 0 ;
int startIndex = 0;
int endIndex = 0;
try{
Object [] keys = cacheMap.keySet().toArray();
keyCount = keys.length;
int maxIndex = keyCount -1 ;
//初始化掃描下標
if(iterateScanAll){
startIndex = 0;
endIndex = maxIndex;
}else {
int gcThreshold = this.getGcThreshold();
int iterateLen = gcThreshold > this.maxIterateSize ? this.maxIterateSize : gcThreshold;
startIndex = this.iterateLastIndex;
startIndex = ( (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > maxIndex) ? 0 : startIndex );
endIndex = (startIndex + iterateLen);
endIndex = (endIndex > maxIndex ? maxIndex : endIndex);
}
//迭代清理
boolean flag = false;
for(int i=startIndex; i<= endIndex; i++){
flag = this.removeExpiredKey(keys[i]);
if(flag){
removedCount++;
}
}
this.iterateLastIndex = endIndex;
keys = null;
}catch(Exception e){
logger.error("iterateRemoveExpiredCache -- 移除過期的 key時出現異常: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("iterateRemoveExpiredCache [ size: ").append(size).append(", keyCount: ").append(keyCount)
.append(", startIndex: ").append(startIndex).append(", endIndex: ").append(iterateLastIndex)
.append(", removedCount: ").append(removedCount).append(", currentSize: ").append(this.cacheMap.size())
.append(", timeConsuming: ").append(endTime - startTime).append(", nowTime: ").append(new Date())
.append(" ]");
this.lastGCInfo = sb.toString();
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("iterateRemoveExpiredCache -- 清理結果 -- "+ lastGCInfo);
}
}
/**
* 隨機模式 - 移除過期的 key
*/
private void randomRemoveExpiredCache(){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int size = cacheMap.size();
if(size ==0){
return;
}
int removedCount = 0 ;
try{
Object [] keys = cacheMap.keySet().toArray();
int keyCount = keys.length;
boolean removeFlag = false;
int removeRandomTimes = this.getGcThreshold();
removeRandomTimes = ( removeRandomTimes > this.getMaxRandomTimes() ? this.getMaxRandomTimes() : removeRandomTimes );
while(removeRandomTimes-- > 0){
int index = random.nextInt(keyCount);
boolean flag = this.removeExpiredKey(keys[index]);
if(flag){
removeFlag = true;
removedCount ++;
}
}
//嘗試 移除 首尾元素
if(!removeFlag){
this.removeExpiredKey(keys[0]);
this.removeExpiredKey(keys[keyCount-1]);
}
keys=null;
}catch(Exception e){
logger.error("randomRemoveExpiredCache -- 移除過期的 key時出現異常: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("randomRemoveExpiredCache [ size: ").append(size).append(", removedCount: ").append(removedCount)
.append(", currentSize: ").append(this.cacheMap.size()).append(", timeConsuming: ").append(endTime - startTime)
.append(", nowTime: ").append(new Date())
.append(" ]");
this.lastGCInfo = sb.toString();
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("randomRemoveExpiredCache -- 清理結果 -- "+ lastGCInfo);
}
}
private boolean removeExpiredKey(Object key){
boolean flag = false;
CacheElement cacheObj = null;
if(null != key){
try{
cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);
boolean isExpiredCache = this.isExpiredCache(cacheObj);
if(isExpiredCache){
cacheMap.remove(key);
flag = true;
}
}catch(Exception e){
logger.error("removeExpired(" + key + ") -- error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
if(!flag && logGCDetail){
this.logger.warn("removeExpiredKey(" + key + ") return [" + flag + "]--" + cacheObj);
}
return flag;
}
public int getInitialCapacity() {
return initialCapacity;
}
public int getMaxCapacity() {
return maxCapacity;
}
public int getGcMode() {
return gcMode;
}
public void setGcMode(int gcMode) {
this.gcMode = gcMode;
}
public int getGcIntervalTime() {
return gcIntervalTime;
}
public void setGcIntervalTime(int gcIntervalTime) {
this.gcIntervalTime = gcIntervalTime;
}
public boolean isEnableGC() {
return enableGC;
}
public void setEnableGC(boolean enableGC) {
this.enableGC = enableGC;
}
public boolean isIterateScanAll() {
return iterateScanAll;
}
public void setIterateScanAll(boolean iterateScanAll) {
this.iterateScanAll = iterateScanAll;
}
public float getGcFactor() {
return gcFactor;
}
public void setGcFactor(float gcFactor) {
this.gcFactor = gcFactor;
}
/**
* gc 閥值
* @return
*/
public int getGcThreshold() {
int threshold = (int)( this.cacheMap.getMaxCapacity() * gcFactor );
return threshold;
}
public String getLastGCInfo() {
return lastGCInfo;
}
public void setLastGCInfo(String lastGCInfo) {
this.lastGCInfo = lastGCInfo;
}
public boolean isLogGCDetail() {
return logGCDetail;
}
public void setLogGCDetail(boolean logGCDetail) {
this.logGCDetail = logGCDetail;
}
public int getTimeout() {
return timeout;
}
public void setTimeout(int timeout) {
this.timeout = timeout;
}
public int getMaxIterateSize() {
return maxIterateSize;
}
public void setMaxIterateSize(int maxIterateSize) {
this.maxIterateSize = maxIterateSize;
}
public int getMaxRandomTimes() {
return maxRandomTimes;
}
public void setMaxRandomTimes(int maxRandomTimes) {
this.maxRandomTimes = maxRandomTimes;
}
public boolean isInitFlag() {
return initFlag;
}
public long getDefaultLifeTime() {
return defaultLifeTime;
}
public boolean isWarnLongerLifeTime() {
return warnLongerLifeTime;
}
public void setWarnLongerLifeTime(boolean warnLongerLifeTime) {
this.warnLongerLifeTime = warnLongerLifeTime;
}
//======================== dynMaxCapacity ========================
private int dynMaxCapacity = maxCapacity;
public int getDynMaxCapacity() {
return dynMaxCapacity;
}
public void setDynMaxCapacity(int dynMaxCapacity) {
this.dynMaxCapacity = dynMaxCapacity;
}
public void resetMaxCapacity(){
if(dynMaxCapacity > initialCapacity && dynMaxCapacity != maxCapacity){
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) start...");
}
synchronized(cacheMap){
LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement> cacheMap0 = new LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement>(initialCapacity ,dynMaxCapacity);
cacheMap.clear();
cacheMap = cacheMap0;
this.maxCapacity = dynMaxCapacity;
}
if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){
logger.info("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) OK.");
}
}else {
if(logger.isWarnEnabled()){
logger.warn("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) NO.");
}
}
}
//======================== showCacheElement ========================
private String showCacheKey;
public String getShowCacheKey() {
return showCacheKey;
}
public void setShowCacheKey(String showCacheKey) {
this.showCacheKey = showCacheKey;
}
public Object showCacheElement(){
Object v = null;
if(null != this.showCacheKey){
v = cacheMap.get(showCacheKey);
}
return v;
}
}看完上述內容，你們對LocalCache在Java項目中如何實現本地緩存有進一步的了解嗎？如果還想了解更多知識或者相關內容，請關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝大家的支持。
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