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這期內容當中小編將會給大家帶來有關Android中怎么實現藍牙通信，文章內容豐富且以專業的角度為大家分析和敘述，閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。
一：注意事項
1：android6.0使用藍牙時，需要開啟gps定位權限，不然無法搜索其它藍牙設備。
二：權限
1：權限配置
<!--允許程序連接到已配對的藍牙設備--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <!-- 允許程序發現和配對藍牙設備 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <!--android 6.0 涉及到的權限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /> <!-- 在SDCard中創建與刪除文件的權限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/> <!-- 往SDCard寫入數據的權限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
2：動態權限代碼
由于需要用到存儲卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代碼動態設置。
a)獲取定位設置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//開啟位置服務，支持獲取ble藍牙掃描結果
if (!isLocat) {
Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
}
}
/**
* 判斷位置信息是否開啟
*
* @param context
* @return
*/
private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
//gps定位
boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
//網絡定位
boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
}b)存儲卡權限設置
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
//動態請求讀寫sd卡權限
if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
}
}然后通過onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法獲取動態權限的結果：
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode){
case SD_CARD:
if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
//允許訪問
}else{
Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒絕了程序訪問存儲卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
break;
case COARES_LOCATION:
break;
}
}三：藍牙搜索
android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是藍牙開發用得比較多，并且比較重要的一個類，可以設備藍牙名稱，打開，關閉，搜索等常規操作。
1 藍牙打開，以及搜索
藍牙打開和關閉信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收廣播
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone");
//判斷藍牙是否打開
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}藍牙打開后，我們可以獲取設備的藍牙信息
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); //獲取本機藍牙名稱 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName(); //獲取本機藍牙地址 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
搜索完成后，通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND廣播去接收結果，廣播代碼如下(注意：可能出現設備搜索不到的情況，設備需要開啟允許周圍設備搜索，或者通過程序來控制允許搜索的時間范圍)
/*確保藍牙被發現，在榮耀8手機上，設置了還是默認的2分鐘，所以以下幾句代碼程序中沒有，*/
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//設置可見狀態的持續時間為300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);
private void initSearchBroadcast() {
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
//發現設備
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
//設備配對狀態改變
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
//藍牙設備狀態改變
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
//開始掃描
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
//結束掃描
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
//其它設備請求配對
intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);
//intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
}
private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action);
try {
if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//開始掃描
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
log1.setText("正在掃描設備，請稍候...");
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//結束掃描
Logger.e(TAG + "設備搜索完畢");
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
log1.setText("掃描完成");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
scanStatus = false;
} else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//發現設備
findDevice(intent);
} else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//藍牙配對狀態的廣播
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播:" + device.getBondState());
switch (device.getBondState()) {
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 正在配對......");
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 完成配對,本機自動配對");
bondDevices.add(device);
unbondDevices.remove(device);
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 取消配對");
unbondDevices.add(device);
bondDevices.remove(device);
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
default:
break;
}
} else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它設備藍牙配對請求
BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態
try {
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
//1.確認配對，高版本無效,藍牙配對不是zuk的問題，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到藍牙適配問題的，請同時打開藍牙和定位，再去配對，基本90%都沒有問題了。
Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
//2.終止有序廣播,如果沒有將廣播終止，則會出現一個一閃而過的配對框。
abortBroadcast();
//3.調用setPin方法進行配對...
boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//藍牙開關狀態
// BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState();
switch (statue) {
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙關閉");
ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙打開");
ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter);
scanBluetooth();
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在關閉");
mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
break;
case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
Logger.e("藍牙狀態：,藍牙正在打開");
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
//發現設備的代碼如下
private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
//獲取到設備對象
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
Logger.e("掃描到設備：" + str);
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判斷當前設備地址下的device是否已經配對
if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
bondDevices.add(device);
}
} else {
if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
unbondDevices.add(device);
}
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
}
Log.e("error", "搜索完畢，準備刷新!");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}四：藍牙配對
正常情況下，藍牙匹配需要彈出一個匹配確認框，如下圖,但我想實現的是，匹配其中一方，不能手動點擊配對，因為發起藍牙連接的設備是android設備，是不能觸摸的，所以就要通過程序來解決這個問題，特別聲明：（測試的android設備，版本為5.x，并且已經root,沒有root的設備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設備）。
1 當我們搜索到目標手機的藍牙后，android設備主動發起連接請求，代碼如下
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
//發起藍牙匹配請求
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
throws Exception {
Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
return returnValue.booleanValue();
}2 當被匹配方點擊配對后，系統會通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED廣播告訴android設備，此時android設備就可以自動確認，通過這個流程來完成整個藍牙的配對,具體代碼如下
BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當前的配對的狀態
try {
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME 為被匹配藍牙設備的名稱，自己手動定義
Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
abortBroadcast();
boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
//確認配對
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
Object object = setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
return object;
}
//配對需要調用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
String str) throws Exception {
try {
Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
new Class[]
{byte[].class});
Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
new Object[]
{str.getBytes()});
Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return true;
}上述就是小編為大家分享的Android中怎么實現藍牙通信了，如果剛好有類似的疑惑，不妨參照上述分析進行理解。如果想知道更多相關知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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