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小編給大家分享一下Spring MVC Annotation驗證的示例分析，相信大部分人都還不怎么了解，因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲，下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧！
簡介說明
使用Spring MVC的Annotation驗證可以直接對view model的簡單數據驗證，注意，這里是簡單的，如果model的數據驗證需要有一些比較復雜的業務邏輯性在里頭，只是使用annotation做驗證是比較難的。
以下是使用Spring MVC自帶的annotation驗證，加上自定義的一個@Tel的annotation驗證例子，此例子具有：
1、支持多語言（國際化）
2、對默認數據先進行轉化，比如int、date類型如果傳入空值時，會拋異常，默認給定值
先看配置：
1、web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name>Test Spring MVC - 1</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value></param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
這里沒什么好說的，只是把spring.xml配置加入到contextConfigLocation中
2、spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--注解說明 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 默認的注解映射的支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" conversion-service="conversionService" /> <!-- 把標記了@Controller注解的類轉換為bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my" /> <!-- 視圖解釋類 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/><!--可為空,方便實現自已的依據擴展名來選擇視圖解釋類的邏輯 --> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> </bean> <!-- 資源文件：messages.properties --> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basenames"> <list> <value>messages</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 驗證器 --> <bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean"> <property name="validationMessageSource" ref="messageSource"/> </bean> <!-- 自定義數據類型轉換器 --> <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"> <property name="converters"> <list> <bean class="com.my.controller.converter.IntConverter" /> <bean class="com.my.controller.converter.DateConverter" /> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
在<mvc:annotation-driven/>中加入conversion-service，然后在conversion-service中加入系統默認的轉換器，如上有IntConverter和DateConverter，當然，也可以是自定的別的類型，這是全局的。
在validator驗證器中加入了支持多語言的properties，當然，spring的多語言是基于http header的accept-language。
3、Controller
package com.my.controller;
import java.util.List;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.my.controller.bean.User4;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="av")
public class TestAnnotationValidController {
@RequestMapping
public ModelAndView index() {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("/TestAnnotationValid/index", "user4", new User4());
return view;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView add(@ModelAttribute @Valid User4 user, BindingResult result) {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("/TestAnnotationValid/index");
view.addObject("user4", user);
if(result.hasErrors()) {
List<FieldError> errors = result.getFieldErrors();
for(FieldError err : errors) {
System.out.println("ObjectName:" + err.getObjectName() + "\tFieldName:" + err.getField()
+ "\tFieldValue:" + err.getRejectedValue() + "\tMessage:" + err.getDefaultMessage() + "\tCode:");
}
}
return view;
}
}這是一個簡單的controller，在add中，有一個@Valid的annotation，這是必需的，不加這個，annotation驗證將不起作用
4、User4.java model實體類
package com.my.controller.bean;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank;
public class User4 {
private long id;
@NotBlank(message="{valid.name}")
private String name;
@Length(min=4, max=20, message="{valid.password}")
private String password;
@NotBlank(message="{valid.required}")
@Email(message="{valid.email}")
private String email;
@NotNull(message="{valid.required}")
private boolean married;
@Min(value=18, message="{valid.ageMin}")
@Max(value=100, message="{valid.ageMax}")
private int age;
@NotNull(message="{valid.required}")
@Past(message="{valid.birthday}")
private Date birthday;
@Pattern(regexp="^[a-zA-Z]{2,}$", message="{valid.address}")
private String address;
@Size(min=1, message="{valid.likesMin}")
private String[] likes;
@com.my.controller.validator.Tel(message="{valid.tel}", min=3)
private String tel;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public boolean isMarried() {
return married;
}
public void setMarried(boolean married) {
this.married = married;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getLikes() {
return likes;
}
public void setLikes(String[] likes) {
this.likes = likes;
}
public String getTel() {
return tel;
}
public void setTel(String tel) {
this.tel = tel;
}
}除了@Tel之外，其它都是spring自帶的annotation，當然還有別的，自行搜索下
5、message.properties
valid.required=字段值不能為空
valid.name=用戶名不能為空
valid.password=密碼最小4位
valid.ageMin=年齡不能小于{1}歲
valid.ageMax=年齡不能大于{1}歲
valid.email=郵箱格式不正確
valid.address=聯系地址不正確
valid.birthday=生日不能大于今天
valid.likesMin=喜好最小不能小于1個
valid.tel=手機號碼不能小于{min}位對應的是User4 model的annotation的message值。如果需要國際化的多語言，只需要加入多一個messages_en_US.properties這樣名字的文件即可。
6、@Tel
package com.my.controller.validator;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Constraint(validatedBy=TelValidator.class)
public @interface Tel {
int min() default 0;
String message();
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}新建一個interface，注意，annotation的interface java是這樣寫的：@interface
TelValidator:
package com.my.controller.validator;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
public class TelValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Tel, String> {
@Resource
private ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource;
private Tel tel;
@Override
public void initialize(Tel tel) {
this.tel = tel;
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintContext) {
boolean isValid;
if(value != null && value.length() >= tel.min()) {
isValid = true;
}
else {
isValid = false;
}
if(!isValid) {
constraintContext.disableDefaultConstraintViolation();
constraintContext.buildConstraintViolationWithTemplate(tel.message()).addConstraintViolation();
}
return isValid;
}
}這是@Tel的驗證實現方法。
7、Converter
package com.my.controller.converter;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
public class IntConverter implements Converter<String, Integer> {
@Override
public Integer convert(String text) {
if (text == null || "".equals(text)) {
return 0;
} else {
try {
Integer value = Integer.parseInt(text);
return value;
} catch (Exception e) {
return 0;
}
}
}
}package com.my.controller.converter;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
public class DateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String text) {
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
dateFormat.setLenient(false);
try {
return dateFormat.parse(text);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}這兩個是全局的類型默認轉換器。
8、測試JSP
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" prefix="fn" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="st" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="sf" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<sf:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/av/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user4">
User name:<sf:input path="name"/><sf:errors path="name" /><br/>
Password:<sf:input path="password"/><sf:errors path="password" /><br/>
E-mail:<sf:input path="email"/><sf:errors path="email" /><br/>
Age:<sf:input path="age"/><sf:errors path="age" /><br/>
Birthday:<sf:input path="birthday"/><sf:errors path="birthday" /><br/>
Address:<sf:input path="address"/><sf:errors path="address" /><br/>
Married:
<sf:radiobutton path="married" label="Yes" value="true"/>
<sf:radiobutton path="married" label="No" value="false"/>
<sf:errors path="married" /><br/>
Likes:
<sf:checkbox path="likes" label="Football" value="Football"/>
<sf:checkbox path="likes" label="Badminton" value="Badminton"/>
<sf:checkbox path="likes" label="Pingpong" value="Pingpong"/>
<sf:errors path="likes" /><br/>
Tel:<sf:input path="tel"/><sf:errors path="tel" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Add" />
<hr/>
Errors:<br/><sf:errors path="*"></sf:errors>
<hr/>
Likes:<c:forEach items="${user4.likes}" var="item">${item},</c:forEach>
</sf:form>
</body>
</html>注意，在form中的modelAttribute屬性值，它對應的是User4類名，小寫開頭，否則會出錯
9、頁面UI結果：
點擊Add button后：
以上是“Spring MVC Annotation驗證的示例分析”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學習更多知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！
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