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操作系統：CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Web服務器軟件：Nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
數據庫系統：MySQL 5.5.52
PHP版本：php 5.3.3
站點程序：wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
任務：分別采用單臺服務器和雙臺服務器實現LNMP架構。
附件：提供所有配置×××。
檢查安裝Nginx所需要的lib庫
[root@Cacti~]#rpm -qa pcre pcre-devel
[root@Cacti~]# yum install pcre pcre-devel –y
[root@Cacti~]# yum install openssl openssl-devel –y
開始安裝Nginx
[root@Cactitools]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@Cactitools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@Cactitools]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin –M
[root@Cactitools]# tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@Cactitools]# cd nginx-1.6.3
[root@Cactinginx-1.6.3]#./configure\
--user=nginx\
--group=nignx\
--prefix=/application/nginx\
--with-http_stub_status_module\
--with-http_ssl_module
[root@Cactinginx-1.6.3]#make
[root@Cactinginx-1.6.3]#make install
啟動并檢查安裝結果：
啟動前檢查配置文件語法：
[root@Cactinginx-1.6.3]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: theconfiguration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx:[emerg] getgrnam("nignx") failed
nginx:configuration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
[root@Cactilogs]# cat error.log
2017/07/1216:15:07 [emerg] 17992#0: getgrnam("nignx") failed
[root@Cacticonf]# vi nginx.conf
#user nobody; #去掉最前面的#號即解決啟動錯誤的問題
nginx: option"-s" requires parameter
[root@Cacticonf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx –t #檢查語法
nginx: theconfiguration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx:configuration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@Cacticonf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx #啟動Nginx服務
nginx:[emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) #存在端口沖突
#原因是Apache與Nginx默認都是80端口
[root@Cacticonf]# lsof -i:80 #Nginx服務對應的端口存在沖突
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd 1451 root 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1496 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1497 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1498 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1499 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1500 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1501 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1502 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 1503 apache 4u IPv6 10731 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
#修改nginx默認端口，改為8080端口
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
[root@Cacticonf]# pkill nginx #殺掉進程，以便重啟Nginx服務
[root@Cacticonf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@Cacticonf]# lsof -i:8080 #Nginx服務對應的端口成功啟動
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 17530 root 6u IPv4 3271777 0t0 TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
nginx 17531nobody 6u IPv4 3271777 0t0 TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)
[root@Cacticonf]# netstat -lnt|grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::36780 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
[root@Cacticonf]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 3000 15790 0 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
root 6336 15790 0 16:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx
root 17530 1 0 16:28 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 17531 17530 0 16:28 ? 00:00:00 nginx:worker process
root 31232 15790 0 16:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
檢查Nginx啟動實際效果：
[root@Cacticonf]# wget 127.0.0.1:8080 #查看本地的index.html文件
[root@Cacticonf]# curl 127.0.0.1:8080 #直接在屏幕上輸出效果
<!DOCTYPEhtml>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcometo nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial,sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Welcometo nginx!</h2>
<p>Ifyou see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working.Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>Foronline documentation and support please refer to
<a>nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercialsupport is available at
<a>nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thankyou for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@Cacticonf]# ../sbin/nginx -V
nginxversion: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
檢查安裝php所需要的lib 庫
#yum instal zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjped-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel -y
# yum instal lfreetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel –y
# yum install libmcrypt-devel
# yum install mhash
# yum install mcrypt -y
[root@Cactitools]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
[root@Cactitools]# tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
[root@Cactilibiconv-1.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
[root@Cactilibiconv-1.14]# make && make install
開始安裝php
[root@Cacti~]# mkdir /home/tools –p
[root@Cactitools]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.3.27.tar.gz
[root@Cacti tools]# tar zxf php-5.3.27.tar.gz
[root@Cactitools]# cd php-5.3.27
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]# ./configure \
--prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-zend-multibyte \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-ftp
……
checking forCygwin environment... no
checking formingw32 environment... no
checking foregrep... grep -E
checking fora sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking hostsystem type... config.sub: missing argument
Try`config.sub --help' for more information.
checkingtarget system type... config.sub: missing argument
Try`config.sub --help' for more information.
checking forgcc... no
checking forcc... no
configure:error: no acceptable cc found in $PATH
解決上述問題：
# yum install -y gcc-c++
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]#./configure \ #重新編譯
--prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--with-mcryp t\
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-zend-multibyte \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-ftp
#重新配置后的問題：
configure:error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /application/mysql.
Note that theMySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
#不管怎么變更該數據庫的路徑，還是編譯通還過
解決辦法就是:
#mkdir /usr/lib/msyql –p
#cp /usr/lib64/mysql/* /usr/lib/mysql/
然后進行./configure即可，如果服務器沒有/usr/lib/mysql/ 目錄，則在/usr/lib/目錄下創建mysql目錄即可
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
|License: |
| Thissoftware is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
|distribution in the file LICENSE. Bycontinuing this installation |
| process,you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you donot agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| theinstallation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you forusing PHP.
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]#make #編譯
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]#make install #安裝
/home/tools/php-5.3.27/build/shtoolinstall -c ext/phar/phar.phar /application/php5.3.27/bin
ln -s -f/application/php5.3.27/bin/phar.phar /application/php5.3.27/bin/phar
InstallingPDO headers: /application/php5.3.27/include/php/ext/pdo/
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]# ln -s/application/php5.3.27/ /application/php #設置軟鏈接
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]# ls -l /application/php
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 23 Jul 12 17:14 /application/php -> /application/php5.3.27/
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]# cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini #拷貝php的配置文件到PHP默認目錄
在linux上編譯安裝PHP時，為什么php/etc/目錄下沒有找到php-fpm.conf.default這個文件?
解答：原因在拷貝配置文件執行時，有部分代碼沒有執行。
注意：當執行一大塊代碼結束后并沒有報錯，但沒有執行的配置語句會重新顯示出來。
[root@Cactiphp-5.3.27]# cd /application/php/etc/ #配置文件php-fpm.confs
[root@Cactietc]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 1232 Jul 12 17:41 pear.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1root root 21683 Jul 12 17:41 php-fpm.conf.default
[root@Cactietc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
啟動PHP服務php-fpm:
[root@Cactietc]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
檢查php服務php-fpm的進程及啟動端口的情況：
[root@Cactietc]# ps -ef|grep php-fpm
root 23321 1 0 17:43 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process(/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx 23322 23321 0 17:43 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm:pool www
nginx 23323 23321 0 17:43 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm:pool www
root 23325 15790 0 17:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
[root@Cactietc]# lsof -i :9000
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
php-fpm23321 root 7u IPv4 3871264 0t0 TCP localhost:cslistener (LISTEN)
php-fpm 23322nginx 0u IPv4 3871264 0t0 TCP localhost:cslistener (LISTEN)
php-fpm 23323nginx 0u IPv4 3871264 0t0 TCP localhost:cslistener (LISTEN)
配置Nginx支持PHP程序請求訪問
#vi nginx.conf #修改配置文件
location~.*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
#檢查并啟動Nginx
[root@Cacticonf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: theconfiguration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx:configuration file /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@Cacticonf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
測試LNMP環境生效的情況：
[root@Cactihtml]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >test_info.php
[root@Cactihtml]# cat test_info.php
<?phpphpinfo(); ?>
PHP連接MySQL的情況進行測試：
[root@Cactihtml]# vi test_mysql.php
<?php
$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','root','*****')or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful byskyboy!";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
下面部署一個wordpress程序服務：
1.先創建一個專用的數據庫WordPress
[root@Cactihtml]# mysql -uroot –p
mysql>create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>show databases like 'wordpress';
+----------------------+
| Database(wordpress) |
+----------------------+
|wordpress |
+----------------------+
1 row in set(0.00 sec)
Nginx及PHP環境配置準備：
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~.*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
[root@Cactihtml]# wget https://tw.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.8-zh_TW.tar.gz
[root@Cactihtml]# tar xf wordpress-4.8-zh_TW.tar.gz
[root@Cactihtml]# mkdir blog
[root@Cactihtml]# mv wordpress blog/
[root@Cactihtml]# chown -R nginx.nginx blog
測試情況：瀏覽器顯示Filenot found.
解答：原因是解析不到程序，建設直接放到html目錄下，避免發生找不到程序的問題。
[root@Cactiwordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
[root@Cactiwordpress]# vi wp-config.php #配置數據庫名、用戶名和密碼即可
配置成功。
以上是通過一臺服務器架構LNMP;
下面通過兩臺服務器架設LNMP,也很簡單：
.8服務器: 做Nginx服務器，將wordpress放到nginx的html目錄下，配置wp-config.php文件。
/** WordPress數據庫的名稱 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');
/** MySQL數據庫用戶名 */
define('DB_USER', '***');
/** MySQL數據庫密碼 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', '*****');
/** MySQL主機 */
define('DB_HOST', '.9服務器IP');
.9服務器:做Mysql服務器，創建wordpress數據庫。
技巧：當服務器每次重啟的時候需要nginx、php-fpm服務自動啟動。
#vi /etc/rc.local #在默尾增加兩條命令
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
/application/php/sbin/php-fpm
運行結果：http://117.40.239.8:8080/wordpress
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