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小編給大家分享一下spring boot + mybatis實現數據庫讀寫分離的示例,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討吧!
介紹
隨著業務的發展,除了拆分業務模塊外,數據庫的讀寫分離也是常見的優化手段。
方案使用了AbstractRoutingDataSource和mybatis plugin來動態的選擇數據源
選擇這個方案的原因主要是不需要改動原有業務代碼,非常友好
注:
demo中使用了mybatis-plus,實際使用mybatis也是一樣的
demo中使用的數據庫是postgres,實際任一類型主從備份的數據庫示例都是一樣的
demo中使用了alibaba的druid數據源,實際其他類型的數據源也是一樣的
環境
首先,我們需要兩個數據庫實例,一為master,一為slave。
所有的寫操作,我們在master節點上操作
所有的讀操作,我們在slave節點上操作
需要注意的是:對于一次有讀有寫的事務,事務內的讀操作也不應該在slave節點上,所有操作都應該在master節點上
先跑起來兩個pg的實例,其中15432端口對應的master節點,15433端口對應的slave節點:
docker run \ --name pg-master \ -p 15432:5432 \ --env 'PG_PASSWORD=postgres' \ --env 'REPLICATION_MODE=master' \ --env 'REPLICATION_USER=repluser' \ --env 'REPLICATION_PASS=repluserpass' \ -d sameersbn/postgresql:10-2 docker run \ --name pg-slave \ -p 15433:5432 \ --link pg-master:master \ --env 'PG_PASSWORD=postgres' \ --env 'REPLICATION_MODE=slave' \ --env 'REPLICATION_SSLMODE=prefer' \ --env 'REPLICATION_HOST=master' \ --env 'REPLICATION_PORT=5432' \ --env 'REPLICATION_USER=repluser' \ --env 'REPLICATION_PASS=repluserpass' \ -d sameersbn/postgresql:10-2
實現
整個實現主要有3個部分:
配置兩個數據源
實現AbstractRoutingDataSource來動態的使用數據源
實現mybatis plugin來動態的選擇數據源
配置數據源
將數據庫連接信息配置到application.yml文件中
spring: mvc: servlet: path: /api datasource: write: driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver url: "${DB_URL_WRITE:jdbc:postgresql://localhost:15432/postgres}" username: "${DB_USERNAME_WRITE:postgres}" password: "${DB_PASSWORD_WRITE:postgres}" read: driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver url: "${DB_URL_READ:jdbc:postgresql://localhost:15433/postgres}" username: "${DB_USERNAME_READ:postgres}" password: "${DB_PASSWORD_READ:postgres}" mybatis-plus: configuration: map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
write寫數據源,對應到master節點的15432端口
read讀數據源,對應到slave節點的15433端口
將兩個數據源信息注入為DataSourceProperties:
@Configuration public class DataSourcePropertiesConfig { @Primary @Bean("writeDataSourceProperties") @ConfigurationProperties("datasource.write") public DataSourceProperties writeDataSourceProperties() { return new DataSourceProperties(); } @Bean("readDataSourceProperties") @ConfigurationProperties("datasource.read") public DataSourceProperties readDataSourceProperties() { return new DataSourceProperties(); } }
實現AbstractRoutingDataSource
spring提供了AbstractRoutingDataSource,提供了動態選擇數據源的功能,替換原有的單一數據源后,即可實現讀寫分離:
@Component public class CustomRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Resource(name = "writeDataSourceProperties") private DataSourceProperties writeProperties; @Resource(name = "readDataSourceProperties") private DataSourceProperties readProperties; @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() { DataSource writeDataSource = writeProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().type(DruidDataSource.class).build(); DataSource readDataSource = readProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().type(DruidDataSource.class).build(); setDefaultTargetDataSource(writeDataSource); Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>(); dataSourceMap.put(WRITE_DATASOURCE, writeDataSource); dataSourceMap.put(READ_DATASOURCE, readDataSource); setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap); super.afterPropertiesSet(); } @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { String key = DataSourceHolder.getDataSource(); if (key == null) { // default datasource return WRITE_DATASOURCE; } return key; } }
AbstractRoutingDataSource內部維護了一個Map<Object, Object>的Map
在初始化過程中,我們將write、read兩個數據源加入到這個map
調用數據源時:determineCurrentLookupKey()方法返回了需要使用的數據源對應的key
當前線程需要使用的數據源對應的key,是在DataSourceHolder類中維護的:
public class DataSourceHolder { public static final String WRITE_DATASOURCE = "write"; public static final String READ_DATASOURCE = "read"; private static final ThreadLocal<String> local = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static void putDataSource(String dataSource) { local.set(dataSource); } public static String getDataSource() { return local.get(); } public static void clearDataSource() { local.remove(); } }
實現mybatis plugin
上面提到了當前線程使用的數據源對應的key,這個key需要在mybatis plugin根據sql類型來確定
MybatisDataSourceInterceptor類:
@Component @Intercepts({ @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "update", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class}), @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class}), @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class, CacheKey.class, BoundSql.class})}) public class MybatisDataSourceInterceptor implements Interceptor { @Override public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable { boolean synchronizationActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive(); if(!synchronizationActive) { Object[] objects = invocation.getArgs(); MappedStatement ms = (MappedStatement) objects[0]; if (ms.getSqlCommandType().equals(SqlCommandType.SELECT)) { DataSourceHolder.putDataSource(DataSourceHolder.READ_DATASOURCE); } } return invocation.proceed(); } @Override public Object plugin(Object target) { return Plugin.wrap(target, this); } @Override public void setProperties(Properties properties) { } }
僅當未在事務中,并且調用的sql是select類型時,在DataSourceHolder中將數據源設為read
其他情況下,AbstractRoutingDataSource會使用默認的write數據源
至此,項目已經可以自動的在讀、寫數據源間切換,無需修改原有的業務代碼
最后,提供demo使用依賴版本
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> <version>42.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.1.9</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatisplus-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.0.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId> <version>2.1.9</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.8.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.8.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.20</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
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